Radiocommunications

L.N. 8 of 2020

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS (REGULATION) ACT

(CAP. 399)

Radiocommunications

(Amateur Station Licence) Regulations, 2020

IN EXERCISE of the powers conferred on him by articles 34 and

47 of the Electronic Communications (Regulation) Act, the Prime

Minister, after consultation with the Minister for Finance and the

Malta Communications Authority, has made the following regulations

Part I

Preliminary

(1) The

title

of

these

regulations

is

the

commencement.

Radiocommunications (Amateur Station Licence) Regulations, 2020.

(2) These regulations shall be deemed to come into force on 1st

June, 2019.

(Regulation 6)

Description of the frequency bands and associated restrictions (additional

restrictions relating to the use of these bands may be specified in the national

radio frequency plan)

Frequency (MHz)

Status of

Status of

Maximum Peak

Additional

allocations to

allocations to

Envelope Power in

Parameters

the Amateur

the Amateur-

Watts (and in dB

service

Satellite

relative to 1 Watt)

service

0.1357 – 0.1378

Secondary

Not allocated

1 W (0 dBW) e.i.r.p.

0.472 – 0.479

Secondary

Not allocated

1 W (0 dBW) e.i.r.p.

1.81 – 1.85

Primary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

1.85 – 2

Secondary

Not allocated

10 W (10 dBW)

3.5 – 3.8

Primary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

5.3515 – 5.3665

Secondary

Not allocated

15 W (11.8 dBW) e.i.r.p.

7.0 – 7.1

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

7.1 – 7.2

Primary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

10.1 – 10.14

Secondary

Not allocated

100 W (20 dBW)

10.14 – 10.15

Secondary

Not allocated

100 W (20 dBW)

14.0 – 14.25

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

14.25 – 14.35

Primary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

18.068 – 18.168

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

21.0 – 21.45

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

24.89 – 24.99

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

(1) Unless the context otherwise requires any reference

in these regulations to "the Act" is a reference to the Electronic

Communications (Regulation) Act, and subject to the provisions of

sub-regulation (2), the provisions of article 26 of the said Act shall

apply to these regulations.

(2)

In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires

''amateur service'' has the same meaning as set out in the

ITU Radio Regulations;

''amateur-satellite service'' has the same meaning as set out

in the ITU Radio Regulations;

''amateur station'' means one or more transmitters or a

combination of transmitters and receivers, including the

accessory equipment, necessary at one location for carrying on

the amateur service;

''apparatus'' means apparatus for radiocommunications

forming part of an amateur station;

''the Authority''

means

the

Malta

Communications

Authority;

''call sign'' means a unique group of alphanumeric

characters assigned by the Authority;

''CEPT'' means the European Conference of Postal and

Telecommunications Administrations;

''CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01'' refers to the

Recommendation T/R 61-01 of CEPT, approved in 1985 and

amended thereafter concerning the CEPT Radio Amateur

Licence;

''CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-02'' refers to the

Recommendation T/R 61-02 of CEPT, approved in 1990 and

amended thereafter concerning the Harmonised Amateur Radio

Examination Certificate;

''club'' means an amateur radio club duly registered to open

as a club with the competent authorities;

''equivalent isotropically radiated power'' or ''e.i.r.p.'' means

the product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna

gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna

(absolute or isotropic gain);

''foreign licence'' means a licence or authorisation, however

so described, which is issued by a foreign (non-Maltese)

licensing administration;

''HAREC'' or ''Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination

Certificate'' means a certificate providing evidence that the

holder has achieved a specified level of qualification consistent

with the requirements of CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-02;

''harmful interference'' shall have the same meaning given

in article 2 of the Act;

''ICNIRP'' means the International Commission on Non-

Ionising Radiation Protection;

''ISM'' means Industrial, Scientific and Medical;

''ITU'' means the International Telecommunication Union;

''licence'' means an individual authorisation or licence

granted by the Authority under Part IV of the Act to install or use

an apparatus;

''licensee'' means a holder of a licence granted by the

Authority or a holder of a foreign licence that has established an

amateur station in Malta;

''Malta'' has the same meaning as is assigned to it in article

124 of the Constitution;

''maritime mobile'' means an amateur station located on any

vessel at sea;

''message'' means a signal which conveys information to or

from a radio amateur station operated by a radio amateur in

accordance with these regulations;

''peak envelope power'' means the average power supplied

to the antenna by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle

at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal

operating conditions;

''permanent licence'' means an individual licence granted by

the Authority to any qualified person residing in Malta having at

least 16 years of age, which licence has a term specified in the

same licence;

''the ITU Radio Regulations'' means the Radio Regulations

annexed to, or regarded as being annexed to the most recent

International Telecommunication Convention of the ITU

currently in force;

''radiocommunication'' has the same meaning as set out in

the ITU Radio Regulations;

''remote control operation'' means an unattended operation

where the amateur station is operated by remote control, that is,

where the licensee has the ability to control the amateur station

from a different location to that where the amateur station is

located;

''temporary licence'' means an individual licence granted by

the Authority to any qualified person, which licence has a

defined term not exceeding twelve (12) months;

''qualified person'' means a person who has the necessary

qualifications to operate an amateur station in accordance with

these regulations;

''unattended operation'' means the operation of an amateur

station by a licensee when the licensee is in a different location

to that where the amateur station is located;

''unwanted emissions'' means spurious emissions and out-

of-band emissions as defined in the ITU Radio Regulations;

''website'' means the website of the Authority at

www.mca.org.mt.

Part II

General Provisions

(Regulation 19(1)

Fees payable for the grant of a licence

Permanent licences

1. For a licence valid for a one-year term, per annum fee .......................

2. For a licence having a life-time term, one-time fee

(i)

fee applicable to a licensee having less than 65 years of age ....

(ii)

fee applicable to a licensee having 65 or more years of age .....

Temporary licences

1. For a licence having a definitive term not exceeding 12 months or

part thereof .........................................................................................

(1) These regulations establish a framework for the Scope of these

licensing of the amateur service to any person that is qualified to regulations.

operate an amateur station.

(2) These regulations also have the purpose of implementing

CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 and CEPT Recommendation T/R

61-02.

(Regulation 23)

Call sign allocation table

Call sign

Type of

Applicability

Remarks

Licence

Licences granted prior to 1 June

No new assignments from this call

2019 to any qualified person

sign prefix as from 1 June 2019

having a registered address in

Permanent

Malta and holding a Morse

qualification

Licences granted on 1 June 2019

Call signs from this prefix shall be

and thereafter, to any qualified

assigned as from 1 June 2019

Permanent

person having a registered address

in Malta

Foreign licensees not holders of a

HAREC or foreign licensees

Temporary

requiring a licence for a period

exceeding three (3) months

Licences granted prior to 1 June

No new assignments from this call

2019 to any qualified person

sign prefix as from 1 June 2019

Permanent

having a registered address in

Gozo and holding a Morse

qualification

Licences granted prior to 1 June

No new assignments from this call

2019 to any qualified person

sign prefix as from 1 June 2019

Permanent

having a registered address in

Malta or in Gozo and not holding a

Morse qualification

Licences for radio contests /

9H6

Temporary

experimental stations / special

events

Call sings from this prefix shall be

Licences granted on 1 June 2019

and thereafter, to any qualified

assigned as from 1 June 2019

9H7

Permanent

person having a registered address

in Gozo

€1.71

(1) In accordance with article 30 of the Act, the Grant of licence.

Authority may grant a licence to any person duly qualified to operate

an amateur station in accordance with these regulations.

(2) Without prejudice to sub-regulation (1), any person holding

a foreign licence and a HAREC who intends to establish an amateur

station in Malta on a temporary basis is exempted from the

requirement of being granted a licence by the Authority

Provided that the amateur station shall not be established

for a period exceeding three (3) consecutive calendar months

Provided further that in using the amateur station, the

person holding a foreign licence and a HAREC shall comply with the

applicable terms, conditions and limitations established in these

regulations.

(3) Nothing in these regulations shall be construed as

exempting or absolving any person from any requirement to comply

with any other laws or any decisions, however so described, as may be

applicable.

(4) These regulations or the licence shall not absolve the

licensee from any legal requirements to obtain any other permission,

authorisation or licence, however so described, as may be necessary

for the installation or use of an amateur station and for the exercise of

its rights and the discharge of its obligations under these regulations

and, or a licence

Provided that failure on the part of the licensee to comply

with any other requirements shall not exempt that licensee from any

failure to discharge its obligations under the licence.

(5) A licensee shall be responsible for all costs, expenses and

other commitments, however so described, whether financial or

otherwise, in respect of the licence, and the Authority shall bear no

responsibility for any such costs, expenses or commitments however

so described.

Part III

Terms, Conditions and Limitations

A licence granted by the Authority does not grant to the

licensee any right, interest or entitlement other than the right to install

an apparatus and, or to operate an amateur station.

(1) When using an apparatus, the licensee shall only use

those frequency bands specified in the First Schedule

Provided that any of the frequency bands specified in the

First Schedule may continue to be used as long as these bands remain

allocated to the amateur service in the most current edition of the

national radio frequency plan

Provided further that the licensee shall observe any

restriction or limitation, however so described, as may be specified

from time to time in the most current edition of the national radio

frequency plan.

(2) When using an apparatus, the licensee shall use a power

level relating to that frequency band not exceeding that specified in the

First Schedule.

(3) When using an apparatus the licensee shall observe the

terms, conditions and limitations established in these regulations, and

other limitations, however so described, as may from time to time be

specified by the Authority in the licence.

(1) A licensee may only install an apparatus, and, or

operate an amateur station from Malta and the following locations

(a)

a maritime mobile location; and

(b) countries

which

have

implemented

CEPT

Recommendation T/R 61-01.

(2) The apparatus may not be installed or used in any aircraft

or airborne vehicle.

When operating an amateur station from a maritime mobile Conditions

location, a licensee shall cease to operate the said station on the when

from a maritime

demand of the master of the vessel. This notwithstanding

mobile location.

(a) before operating an amateur station, a licensee shall

install, use or make changes to the apparatus only with the

written permission of the master of the vessel;

(b) when operating an amateur station, a licensee shall

observe radio silence on the advice of the master of the vessel;

(c) when operating an amateur station on a vessel in

international waters, the use of the radio spectrum shall continue

to be made in accordance with the First Schedule, except that a

licensee shall use only those frequency bands which, in

accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations, have an allocation

to the amateur service in the ITU region being visited.

(1) In using an apparatus a licensee shall ensure that the Apparatus.

frequency bands specified in the First Schedule are used in the most

efficient manner and in accordance with the direction given by the

Authority.

(2)

A licensee shall ensure that

(a) the emitted frequency of the apparatus is as stable and

as free from unwanted emissions as the state of technical

development for amateur radio apparatus reasonably permits;

(b) whatever class of emission is in use, the bandwidth

occupied by the emission is such that not more than 1% of the

mean power of the transmission falls outside the nominal

modulated carried bandwidth;

(c) the apparatus is installed, maintained and used so that

it does not cause harmful interference to any other

radiocommunications apparatus, network or service;

(d) any apparatus that is designed, constructed or

modified by the licensee, does not cause harmful interference to

any other radiocommunications apparatus, network or service;

and

(e) ensure that the apparatus does not cause harmful

interference with, seriously reduce the quality of, or disrupt the

lawful use or operation of radiocommunications.

(3)

The Authority may require a licensee to modify, restrict in

use or permanently close down the amateur station either immediately

or on the expiry of such period as may be specified in the event of a

national or local state of emergency being declared. The Authority

may only exercise this power after a written notice is served on a

licensee or a general notice is published on its website.

(4) The licensee shall conduct tests from time to time to ensure

that the requirements set out in this regulation are met.

(5) If any harmful interference to other radiocommunications

apparatus, network or service is caused by the radiation of unwanted

emissions from the apparatus, then the licensee shall suppress the

unwanted emissions in accordance with the directions given by the

Authority

Provided that in giving any directions the Authority may

determine the extent in relation to which such emissions are to be

suppressed.

(6) Neither the Authority nor Government shall be held

responsible in any manner whatsoever by the licensee for any harmful

interference that may hinder the use or operation of the amateur station

used by the licensee.

(1) A licensee shall comply with any radiation emission

standards adopted and published by ICNIRP, any mandatory standards

set by the competent authority responsible for the adoption of any such

standards and any other relevant standards as may be specified by law.

(2) A licensee shall comply with any decision however so

described issued by the Authority in relation to electromagnetic

radiation and shall ensure that all its apparatus at all times complies

with the technical and performance standards generally accepted by

the industry or as may prescribed by the Authority in line with national

and European Union law, or accepted by the Authority as being

adequate to ensure the limitation of exposure of the general public to

electromagnetic fields.

(3) A licensee shall ensure that its apparatus is not installed or

operated at a location and in a manner such as to be the cause of the

aggregate non-ionising radiation emissions exceeding the limits

published by ICNIRP, any mandatory standards set by the competent

authority responsible for the adoption of any such standards and any

other relevant standards as may be specified by law.

(1) An amateur station shall be used in accordance with

the provisions of these regulations, unless otherwise previously

authorised in writing by the Authority.

(2) A licensee may use an apparatus to assist with

communications in times of disaster or national or international

emergency.

(3)

An amateur station shall be operated by

(a)

any qualified person who holds a licence; or

(b)

any qualified person who holds a HAREC.

(4) Any person operating an amateur station shall do so in the

presence of a licensee and under the direct supervision of that licensee

Provided that any such person is made aware of the

requirement to comply with the terms, conditions and limitations of

these regulations and of the licence.

(5) Only where a licence is issued in favour of a licensee acting

on behalf of a club, may the licensee

(a) authorise any club member who holds his own

licence to use and supervise the operation of an apparatus on

behalf of the club licensee;

(b) permit a person not holding a licence to send a

message using the apparatus only if the said apparatus is

operated by the licensee or by a club member holding a separate

licence from the amateur station address described in the licence

Provided that such persons are made aware of the

requirement to comply with the terms, conditions and limitations

of these regulations and of the licence.

(6) A licensee may conduct unattended operation of an amateur

station provided that any such operation is consistent with the terms,

conditions and limitations of these regulations and of the licence.

(7) A licensee may conduct remote control operation of the

amateur station provided that any such operation is consistent with the

terms, conditions and limitations of these regulations and of the

licence

Provided that the installation or use of the apparatus

capable of remote control operation for general unsupervised use by

other licensees is not permitted.

(8) Any communication links used to control an amateur

station or to carry messages to or from an amateur station in

accordance with sub-regulation 11(7), must be adequately secure so as

to ensure compliance with these regulations. Any security measures

shall be consistent with these regulations

Provided that any such communication links must be

failsafe such that any failure will not result in unintended

transmissions or any transmissions of a type not permitted by these

regulations.

(1) A licensee shall be permitted to use an amateur

station to discuss any topics of mutual interest with other licensees,

and to seek to receive and impart any information and any ideas.

(2) A licensee shall only address messages to other licensees or

to amateur stations and shall not encrypt these messages for the

purpose of rendering the message unintelligible to other radio

spectrum users.

(3) A licensee may use codes and abbreviations for

communications as long as they do not obscure or confuse the meaning

of the message.

(4) A licensee shall not send messages for general reception

other than

(a)

initial calls;

(b) to groups or networks ("nets") of three or more other

licensees as long as communication is first established separately

with at least one licensee in any such group; or

(c) messages transmitted via a mailbox or bulletin board

for reception by other licensees.

(1) A licensee may record and retransmit messages

addressed to him as received from other licensees

(a)

with whom the licensee is in direct communication;

or

(b) which are intended for retransmission to a specified

other licensee.

(2) When recording and retransmitting a message to another

licensee, if a licensee also records and retransmits the call sign of that

licensee, the licensee shall transmit the call sign in such a way that the

origin of the message and the origin of the retransmission are clear.

(1)

For the purpose of any interference investigation to

determine compliance with the terms, conditions and, or limitations of

these regulations and, or of a Licence, or for any other matter

concerning the enforcement of any relevant legislation, a licensee

shall, at the request of the Authority, keep a permanent record (a "log")

of such matters concerning the operation of the amateur station, over

such period, and in such form, as the Authority may require.

(2) When operating an amateur station from a vessel, a licensee

shall, at the request of the master of a vessel, keep a log of such

matters concerning the operation of the amateur station as the master

may require.

(1) A licensee shall ensure that transmissions from an Identification.

amateur station is clearly identifiable at all times by transmitting the

call sign at short intervals.

(2) A licensee shall ensure that the call sign is given in voice or

other appropriate format consistent with the mode of operation.

A licensee shall permit the Authority and any person duly Access and

authorised by the Authority to act on its behalf to inspect the licence inspection.

and, or the HAREC and to have access to the apparatus for the

purposes of inspection, examination and, or testing in order to ensure

that the apparatus is being used in accordance with these regulations

and, or with the licence

Provided that such inspection, however so described, shall

be carried out at any reasonable times

Provided further that in cases of urgency such inspection,

however so described, may be carried out at any time.

(1) A licensee shall facilitate and ensure access to any Information.

information that the Authority may, in accordance with its functions at

law, request.

(2) A licensee shall promptly provide the Authority, in such a

manner and at such times as the Authority may reasonably request, any

information related to the installation or use of the apparatus, or any

other information that the Authority considers necessary to ensure

compliance with these regulations or with the provisions of any law

and, or for statistical purposes.

(1) Any person holding a permanent licence is authorised Operation in

to operate the amateur station in countries which have implemented other countries.

CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01, provided that that person shall

(a)

observe the provisions of the ITU Radio Regulations,

CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 and any regulations in force

in the host country;

(b) comply with any restrictions, however so described,

especially those of a technical nature, relating to the use of the

apparatus at the location of operation in the host country;

(c) present the permanent licence upon request to the

competent authorities of the host country;

(d) unless instructed otherwise by the host country, use

the call sign after the appropriate host country call sign prefix in

accordance with CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01.

(2) Any person holding a permanent licence who is operating

the amateur station in countries which have implemented CEPT

Recommendation T/R 61-01, may not request protection against

harmful interference from the competent authorities of the host

country.

(1) The issuance of a licence is subject to payment to the

Authority of the fees described in the Second Schedule to these

regulations.

(2) Any late payment of fees in respect of the issuance of

licences is subject to the penalties stipulated in the

Radiocommunications (Penalties and Voluntary Settlement of Disputes

Procedures) Regulations, or any other law which may from time to

time be in force concerning the late payment of fees

Provided that any non-payment or late payment of fees

shall constitute a breach of these regulations.

(3) Any payments effected by a licensee in accordance with

these regulations are not refundable by Government and, or by the

Authority.

(1) A licensee is required to immediately notify the

Authority in writing of any changes to its name and, or address

(registered, mailing or amateur station address) from that recorded in

the licence.

(2) A licensee enjoying a permanent licence granted by the

Authority for a life-time term shall in writing confirm to the Authority,

at least every five (5) years or any other period that the Authority may

determine, that the licence is still required and that the details of the

licence remain current and accurate.

(3) The Authority has the right to terminate a licence in the

event that a licensee fails to send to the Authority the confirmation

requested under sub-regulation (2).

(1) In operating an amateur station in Malta, foreign Additional

licensees shall observe the terms, conditions and limitations of these terms,

conditions and

regulations, including those of a technical nature as described in the limitations

applicable to

First Schedule.

foreign

licensees.

(2) When transmitting in Malta, a foreign licensee holder of a

HAREC shall use his national call sign preceded by the ‘9H’ prefix.

(3) Foreign licensees may not request protection against

harmful interference from the Authority.

Part IV

Rights and Remedies of the Authority

(1) Without prejudice to any other measures, including Revocation.

the imposition of fines however so described, that may be taken at law

for the non-observance of the conditions of these regulations, a licence

may be revoked at any time by the Authority if any of the conditions

laid down at law or in any part of these regulations or of a licence, are

not observed.

(2) The Authority shall be entitled to automatically terminate a

licence in any of the following cases

(a)

upon renunciation by the licensee;

(b) upon failure to send to the Authority the confirmation

requested under regulation 20(2); or

(c) in accordance with any provisions of the Act and, or

of these regulations.

(3) The Authority may publish in its website any details it

considers appropriate, of those licences which have been revoked or

terminated, however so described, in accordance with the provisions of

these regulations. In doing so the Authority shall act in accordance

with applicable data protection legislation.

(1) The Authority, taking into account the applicable Call signs.

provisions of the ITU Radio Regulations, shall assign any call sign it

deems appropriate in accordance with the call sign allocation table

described in the Third Schedule.

(2)

A revocation or termination, however so described, of a

licence in accordance with these regulations shall automatically revoke

the call sign assigned to a licensee in accordance with regulation 23(1).

(1) The Authority may appoint a body, however so

described, to carry out examinations consistent with the requirements

of CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-02.

(2)

The Authority may grant

(a) permanent licences to applicants having successfully

passed an examination consistent with the requirements of CEPT

Recommendation T/R 61-02;

(b) temporary licences to applicants having successfully

passed an examination consistent with the requirements of CEPT

Recommendation T/R 61-02; and

(c)

temporary licences to holders of a foreign licence.

0 – 29.7

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

No

transmission

s in the band

3-29.51

MHz to

avoid

interference

with the

amateur-

satellite

downlink.

0 – 52.0

Secondary

Not allocated

100 W (20 dBW)

0 – 70.5

Secondary

Not allocated

160 W (22 dBW)

144.0 – 146.0

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

430.0 – 432.0

Primary

Not allocated

50 W (17 dBW)

432.0 – 440.0

Primary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

1240 – 1260

Secondary

Not allocated

200 W (23 dBW)

1260 – 1270

Secondary

Secondary (E-s)

200 W (23 dBW)

1270 – 1300

Secondary

Not allocated

200 W (23 dBW)

2300 – 2400

Secondary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

2400 – 2450

Secondary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

Stations must

accept

interference

from users of

ISM

applications.

5650 – 5670

Secondary

Secondary (E-s)

400 W (26 dBW)

5670 – 5830

Secondary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

Stations must

accept

5830 – 5850

Secondary

Secondary (s-E)

400 W (26 dBW)

interference

from users of

ISM

applications.

10000 – 10450

Secondary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

10450 – 10500

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

24000 – 24050

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

24050 – 24250

Secondary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

Stations must

accept

interference

from users of

ISM

applications.

47000 – 47200

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

76000 – 77500

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

77500 – 78000

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

78000 – 79000

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

79000 – 81000

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

81000 – 81500

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

122250 – 123000

Secondary

Not allocated

400 W (26 dBW)

134000 – 136000

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

136000 – 141000

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

241000 – 248000

Secondary

Secondary

400 W (26 dBW)

248000 – 250000

Primary

Primary

400 W (26 dBW)

Other usage parameters

(a) Licensees may, as far as practically possible, use the preferred

transmission mode established by the International Amateur Radio League

(IARU) for Region 1, as published in their official website.

(b) In operating amateur stations on frequency bands allocated to the

amateur service or amateur-satellite service on a secondary basis, licensees

(i) shall not cause harmful interference to stations of primary

service to which frequencies are already assigned or to which

frequencies may be assigned at a later date;

(ii) may not claim protection from harmful interference from

stations of a primary service to which frequencies are already assigned

or may be assigned at a later date;

(iii) may claim protection, however, from harmful interference

from stations of the same or other secondary service(s) to which

frequencies may be assigned at a later date.

(c) The bandwidths of emissions should be such as to ensure the most

efficient utilisation of the spectrum. In general this requires that bandwidths

be kept at the lowest values which technology and the nature of the service

permit. Where bandwidth-expansion techniques are used, the minimum

spectral power density consistent with efficient spectrum utilisation should be

employed.

(d) When licensees require to spell out call signs, service

abbreviations and words, the following spelling table shall be used.

A

Alpha

J

Juliet

S

Sierra

B

Bravo

K

Kilo

T

Tango

C

Charlie

L

Lima

U

Uniform

D

Delta

M

Mike

V

Victor

E

Echo

N

November

W

Whiskey

F

Foxtrot

O

Oscar

X

X-ray

G

Golf

P

Papa

Y

Yankee

H

Hotel

Q

Quebec

Z

Zulu

I

India

R

Romeo