Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions) Regulations, 1997

Suppliment /a{-Gazzetra ral-Gvern tel' Malta, Nru. 16,396, /4 ta' Jannar, 1997

L.N. 3 of 1997

MERCHANT SHIPPING ACT

(CAP. 234)

Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions) Regulations, 1997

IN exercise of the powers conferred by section 292 orche Merchant

Shipping Ac t, the M inister for Transport and Ports has made the

following regulations: -

I. These regulations may be cited as the Merchant Shipping Cil>lion.

(Prevention of Collisions) Regu lations, 1997.

of Di stress) Rules. [997.

( Regulation 3)

lNTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR

PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA. 1912

PART A - GENERAL

RULE 1

Application

(a) T hese Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high scas and in all waters

connected therewith navigab le by seagoing vessels.

(b)

Notrung in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules

made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland

waterways connected with the high seas and navigab le by seagoing vessels. Such special

rules shall conform as closely as possible \0 these Rul es.

(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with tbe operation of any special rules

made by the Government of any Siale with respect to additional station or signal lights

shapes or whistle Signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy. or

with respect to add itio nal station or signal lights or sha pes for fishing vessels engaged

in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals

shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or

signal authorised elsewhere under these Rules.

(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organisation forthe

purpose of these Rul es.

(e ) Whenever the Governme nt concerned shall have detennined that a vessel of

speciaJ construction or purpose cannol comply fully with the provisions of any of

these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or are of visibility of lights or

shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound -signalling appliances,

such vessel sha ll comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position,

range or arc of visi bility of lig hts or shapes, as well as to the disposition and

characteristics of sound signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined

to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of thai vessel.

RlJl£ 2

Responsibility

(a) Nothing in these Rul es shall exonerate any vessel. or the o wner, master or

crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglec t \0 comply with these Rules orof

the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seaman

or by the special circumstances of the case.

(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all

dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances. including the

limitations of the vessels involved, whic h may make a depanure from these Rules

necessary to avoid immediate danger.

RUL£3

General Definitions

For the purpose of these Rules, e xcept where the context otherwise requires

(a)

1be word "vessel"' includes every description of water craft, including

non-dispJacemem craft and seaplanes. used or capable of being used a~ a means

of transportation on waler.

T he term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelle d by

(b)

machinery.

(c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that

propelling machinery. iffi ttcd, is not bei ng used.

(d) T he term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fi shing with

nets, lines, trawls or othe r fishing apparatus which restric t manoeuv rabili ty, but

docs not include a vessel fishing wi th trolling lines or other fishing apparatus

which do not restrict manoeu vrability.

(e) The word "seaplane" includes any airc raft designed to manoeuvre on

the wate r.

(0

The tenn "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through

some exceptional circumstance is unablc to manoeuvre as required by these Rules

and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.

(g) The tcrm "vessel restricted in her abili ty to manoe uvre" means a vessel

which from the r.ature of her work is restric ted in her ability to manoeuvre as

required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another

vessel.

The term "vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre" shal l include but not be

limited to

a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation

(i)

mark. submarine cable or pipeline;

(ii)

a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;

a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons,

(iii)

provisions or cargo while undclWay;

(iv)

a vessel engaged in Ihe launching or recovery of aircraft

(v)

a vessel engaged in mineclearance operations;

(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts

Ihe towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.

(h) The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven

vessel which, because of hcr draught in relation to the avai lable depth and widt h

o f nav igable water, is severe ly restricted in her ability \0 dev iate from the course

she is fo llowing.

(i) The word ''underway'' means that a vessel is nO( at anchor. or made

fast to the shore, or aground.

(j) The words "length" and "breadlh" of a vessel means her length overall

and grea test breadth.

(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one

can be observed visually from the otber.

(I) The term " reSt ri cted visibility" means any condition in which visibility

is restricted by fog. mist. falling snow, heavy rainstonns. sandsfonns or any other

similllr causes.

PART 8 - STEERING AND SALLING RULES

Section I - Conduct of vessels in any condition or visibility

Rul.E 4

Application

Rules in this seclion apply in any condition of visibility.

RULE 5

Look-out

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as

well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions

so as to make II full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

Ruu:6

Safe Speed

Every vessel shall at all times proceed al a safe speed so thaI she can take proper

and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate \0

the p~vailing circumstances and conditions.

In delennining a safe speed the follow ing factors shall be among those taken into

By all vessels

(a)

the state of visibility;

(i)

the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or

(ii)

any other vessels;

(iii) the manoeuvrabili ty oflhe vessel with special reference (o stopping

distance an d turning ability in the prevailing conditions;

(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights

or from back scalier of her own lights;

(v) the slate of wind, sea and current and the proximity of navigational

hazards;

(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.

(b)

Additionally, by vessels with operational radar

(i) the charac teristics, efficiency and limi tations of the radar

equipment;

(ii)

any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;

(i ii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other

sources of interference

(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floati ng objects

may nOl be detected by radar at an adequate range;

(v)

the number. location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible

when radar is used to detennine the l1Ulge of vessels or other objects in the

vicinity.

RULE 7

Risk of coll ~i on

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing

circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any

doubt such fis k shall be deemed to exist.

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if filled and operational

including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk: of collision and radar

plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assum ptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information. especially

scanty radar information.

In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall

(d)

be among those taken into account

(i) such ris k shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an

approaching vessel does not appreciably change;

(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearingchange

is evident. particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when

approaching a vessel at close range.

RULE 8

Action to avoid collisio n

(a) Any action to av oid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit

be positive. made in ample rime and with due regard to th e ob servance of good

seamanship.

(b) Any a lteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall. if the

circumstances of the case admit. be large enough to be readily apparent to anorlEr

vessel observing visually or by radar: a succession of small alterations of course and!

(X" speed should be avoided.

(c) If there is sufficient se:J-room. :J!teration of course alone may be the most

effecti ve ac lion to avoid a c1ose-quartcrs situation provided thaI it is made in good

lime, is substantial and does not result in anotlEr c1ose-qullrters situation.

(d ) Action [(Iken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result

in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness ofttle action shall be carefully checked

until the other vessel is finally pasl and clear.

(e) [f necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess lhe situation, a

vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by slopping or reversing her means of

propulsion.

(0 (i) A vessel which, by any of these Ru les, is req uired not to impede the

passage or safe passageofanothcr vessel shall, when req uired by the circumstances

of the case, take early aelion to nllow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of

the other vessel.

A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another

(ii)

vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to

involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the

action which may be required by Ihe Rules of this part.

A vessel the pa~sage of which is nOl 10 be impeded remains fu lly

(iii)

obliged to comply with the Ru les of this part when the two vessels arc approaching

one another so as to involve risk of collision.

RULE 9

Na r row cha nne ls

(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall

keep as near to the outer limit of the channel o r fairway whic h lies on her starboard

side as is safe and practicable.

(b) A vessel o f less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall nO( impede

the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or

fairway.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel

navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

(d) A vessel shall nol cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes

the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway.

The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the

intention of the crossing vessel.

(e) (i) In a narrow c hannel or fairway when ovenaking can take place only if the

vessel to be ovenaken has to take action to pennit safe passing, the vessel intending

to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate s ignal

prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be ovenaken shall. if in agreemenl.

sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to pennit

safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).

This rule does not relieve the ovenaking vessel of her oblisation

(ii)

under Rule 13.

(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where

other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with

panic ular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in

Rule 34(e).

Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in

(g)

:I narrow channel.

RULE 10

Traffic separatio n schemes

(a)

This Rule applies 10 traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organisation

and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.

(b)

A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall

proceed in the appropriate traffic lane ill the general direction of traffic

(i)

now for that lane

so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separa tion line or scparution

(ij)

zone

(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane. but

when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the

general direction of tmffic flow as practicable.

(c) A vessel shall. so far as practicable. avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged

to do so shall eross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general

direction of traffic flow.

(d) (i) A vessel shall nOl use any inshore traffic zone when she can safely use

the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However

vessels of less than 20 metres in length. sailing vessels and vessels engaged in

fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.

Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic

(ii)

zone when en route toor from a port. offshore installation or structure. pilot station

or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate

danger.

(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving 11 Jane

shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except

in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;

(i)

10 engage in fishing within a separation zone.

(ii)

A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes

(t)

shall do so with particular caution.

(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation

scheme or in areas near its terminations.

(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a

margin as is practicable.

A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel

(i)

following a traffic lane.

0)

A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a saiting vessel shaH not impede

the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lanc.

(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation

for the mainlenance of safet}' of nav igation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted

from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry OUI the operation.

(I) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation

for the laying. servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation

scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary 10 carry

out the operation.

Section II - C onduct of ve.'OSels in s ight of one a nother

RULE 11

Application

Rules in this section apply to vessels in sight of one another.

RULE 12

Sailing vessels

(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk

of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows

(i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind

on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;

(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which iSlo

windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel w hich is to leeward

(iii) if II vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward

and cannot determine with certainty whether tbe other vessel has the wind on the

port or on the starboard side, she shall keep OUI of lhe way o f the other.

(b)

For Ihe purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the

side opposite to thaI on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case o f a square-rigged

vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

RULE 13

O,'crtaking

(a)

Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Pan B, Sections I and

II, any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of Ihe way of the vessel be ing

ovenaken.

(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another

vessel from a direction mo re than 22.5 degrees abaft he r beam, that is, in such a position

wi th reference to the vessel she is overtaking. thaI al night she would be able to see

only the slemlight of the vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as 10 whether s he is overtaking another. she

shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall no t

make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or

relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel unt il she is finally pasl

and clear.

RULE 14

Head-on situation

(a) When two power--driven vessels arc meeting on nx: iprocal or nearly rec iprocal

courses so as to involve ri sk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so thaI

each shall pa~s on the pon side of the other.

(b) Sueh a situatio n shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead

or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights o f the other in a lineor

nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspec t

o f the other vessel.

8 25

(e) Whe n a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall

assume thai it does exist and act accordingly.

RULE 15

Crossing slluatlon

When twO power-driven vessels arc crossing so as to involve risk of collision, [he

vessel which has the other on ber own starlx>ar4 side shall keep oul of the way and

shall, if the circumstances of the case admi t, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

Ruu: 16

Action by give-way vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so

far as possible, take carly and subslamial action to keep well clear.

RULE 17

Action by stand-on vessel

(a)

Where one of the two vessels is to keep Qllt of the way the other shall

(i)

keep her course and speed.

The latter vessel may however take action \0 avoid collision by her

(ii)

manoeuvre alone, as soon as it becomes apparent \0 her thallhe vessel required to

keep out of tne way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these

Rules.

(b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep he r course and speed

finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way

vessel alone, she shall take such action as wilJ best aid to avoid collision.

(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in acrossingsituation in accordance

with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven

vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel

on her own port side.

(d) This rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out

of the way.

RULe 18

Respons ibilities between vessels

Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require

(a)

A power+!lriven vessel underway shall kccp out o f the way of

a vessel not under command

(i)

a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre

(ii)

a vessel engaged in fishing ;

(iii)

(iv) a sailing vessel.

A saili ng vessel underway shal l keep QU! o f (he way of

(b)

(i)

a vessel not under command;

(ii)

a vessel restricted in her ability to manoe uvre;

(iii)

a vessel engaged in fishing.

(e) A vessel engaged in fishin g when underway shall, so far as possible, keep

out of the way of

a vessel not under command;

(i)

(ii)

a vessel restricted in her ability to ma noeuvre.

(d) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under conunand or a vessel restricted

in her abil ity to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances o f the case admit, avo id

impeding the safe passage o f a vessel constrained by hc:rdraught. exhibiting signals

in Rule 28.

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draugh t shall navigate with particular

caution having fu ll rcgard to her special condition.

(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general. keep well clear of all vessels and

avoid impeding the ir navigation. In circumstances. however, where risk o f collision

exists, she shall compl y with the Rules of this pan.

Section IJI • Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

RULE 19

Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility

(a) This Rule applies (0 vessels not in sight of one another when navigati ng in

or near an area of restricted visibility.

(b)

Every vessel shall proceed at a safe s peed adapted 10 the prevailing

circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility_ A power-driven vessel shall have

her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre.

(c)

Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and

conditions of restricted visibility when complying wit h the Rules of section I of this

Pru1,

(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall

dClenninc if a close-quarters situation is developing andlor risk of collision exists. If

so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists

of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided

(i) an al teration of course to pon for a vessel forward of the beam. other

than for a vessel being ovenaken;

(ii)

an a lteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.

(e) Exce pt where it has been determined that a risk of collision docs not exist.

every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another

vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quaners situation with another vessel forward of

her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at whic h she can keep on her course.

She shall if necessary take all her way off and in any event navigate with extreme

caution until danger of collision is over.

PART C • LIGHTS AND SHAPES

RULE 20

Application

(a)

Rules in this Pan shall be complied with in all weathers.

(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise,

and during suc h times no other lights shall be ex.hibited, ex.cept such lights as cannot

be mistake n for the lights specified in the...e Rules or do not im pair their visibility of

distinctive c harncter. or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.

(e ) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall. if carried, also be exhibited from

sunrise to sunset jn restricted visibility and may be exhibited in aJJ other circumstances

when it is deemed necessary.

(d)

The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.

(e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions

of Annex I to these Regulations.

RULE 21

Defini tions

(a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline

of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and

so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either

side of the vessel.

(b) "Sidelights" means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the

port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees

and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its

respective side. ]n a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be

combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel.

"Stemlight" means a white light placcd as nearly as practicable at the stern

(c )

showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to

show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel.

(d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the

"stemlight" defined in pardgraph (c) of this Ru le.

(e) "All-round light" means a light showing an unbroken lighl over an arc of the

horizon of 360 degrees.

(f) '"Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of

120 flashes or more per minute.

RULE 22

Visibility of lights

The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in section

8 of Annex 110 these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges

(a)

In vessels of 50 metres or more in length

- a masthead light, 6 miles;

- II sidelight, 3 miles

- II slcmJight. 3 miles

- a towing light, 3 miles

- a white, red, green or yellow all-round lighl, 3 miles.

[n vessels of 12 melres or more in length but less than 50 me tres in

(b)

- a masthead light. 5 miles: except that where the length o rlbe vessel is

less than 20 metres. 3 mi les;

- II sidelight. 2 miles;

- a slcrnlight, 2 miles;

• a towing light, 2 miles

- a white, red, grt:cn or yellow aU- round light, 2 miles.

(c)

[n vessels of less than 12 metres in length

- a masthead light, 2 miles;

- II Sidelight. I mile;

. a slcmiight. 2 miles

- a lowing light. 2 miles;

- a white, red, green or yellow all-rou nd light, 2 miles.

(d)

In inconspicuous, panly submerged vessels or objects being towed

- a white all-round light, 3 miles,

Ruu23

Po ..... er-driven \'esseLs under ..... ay

(a)

A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit

(i)

a masthead light forward

(ii) II second masthead light abaft of and hi gher than the forward one;

except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall nOI be obliged to exhibit

such light but mlly do so;

side lights;

(iii)

(iv)

II slcmlight.

(b) An air--cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shal l

in addition to the lights prescribed in paragrnph (a) o f Ihis Rule, exhi bit an al l· rom<!

nashing yellow light.

(i) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres in length may in lieu of

(c)

the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of Ihis Rule exhibit an all-round white light

and side-lights

(ii) a powcr-driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length whose maximum

speed does not exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a)

of this Ru le exhibit an all-rou nd white light and shall, if practicable, also exhibit

sidelights;

(iii) the ma~thead light or all-round while light on a power-driven vessel

of less than 12 metres in length may be displaced from the fore and aft centrel ine

of the vessel if ccntreline fitting is not practicable, provided that the sidclights are

combined in o ne lantern wh ich shall be carried on the fore and aft centrelineof

the vessel or located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the

masthead light or the all-round white light_

RULE 24

Towing and pushing

(a)

A power-driven vessel when towing shall e:thibit

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or a (n), two masthead

lights in a vertical line. Whe n the length of the tow, measuring from the stem of

the towing vessel to the afte r end of the lOW e:tcceds 200 metres, three such lights

in a vertical line;

(ii)

sideligh ts

(iii)

a stcmlight

a towi ng light in a vertical line above the stemlight;

(iv)

(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres, a diamond shape where

it can best be seen.

When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected

(b)

in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit the

lights prescribed in Rule 23.

(e) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or lowing alongside. exce pt in

the case of a composite uni t, shall exhibit

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)(ii). two masthead

lights in a verticailine;

sidelights;

(ii)

a stemlight.

(iii)

(d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (e) of this Ru le applies

shall also comply with Rule 23 (a)(ii).

(e) A vessel or object being towed, other then those mentioned in paragraph (g)

of this Rule. shall exhi bit

(i)

side lights;

a stemlight;

Oi)

(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres. a diamond shape where

it can best be seen.

Provided that any nu mbe r of vessels being to wed alongside Of pushed in a

(f)

group shall be lighted as one vessel,

(i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall

exhibit at the forward end, sidelights;

(ii) a vessel being lowed alongside shall exhibit a stemlight and at the

forward end, Sidelights.

(g) An inconspicuous, panly submerged vessel or object, o r combination of

such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit

(i) if it is less than 25 metres in breadth, one all-round white light at or

near the forw ard end and one at or near the after end exce pt that dracones need

not exhibit a light at or near the forward end;

(ii) ir it is 25 metres or more in breadth, two add itional all-round white

lights al o r ncar the extremities o f its breadth;

8 32

(iii) if it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all-round white lights

between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance

between the lights shall not exceed 100 metres;

(iv) a diamond shape at Of ncar the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or

object being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 metres an additional

diamond shape where it can best be secn and located as far forward as is practicable .

Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or objecl

(h)

being towed to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this

Rule. all possible measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or alleas!

to indicate the presence of such vessel or object.

Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not nonnally

(i)

engaged in towing cyerations to display the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (cl of

this Rule , such vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in

towing another vessel in distress or othelWise in need of assistance . All possible

measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing

vessel and the vessel being towed as authorised by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating

the towli ne.

RULE 25

Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars

(a)

A sailing vessel undelWay shall exhibit

(i)

sidelights;

(ii)

a sternlighl.

(b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres in length the lights prescribed in

paragrJph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of

the mast where it can best be seen.

(c) A sailing vessel undelWay may. in addition to the lights prescribed in

paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast. where they can best be

seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green ,

but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern pennitted

by paragraph (b) of this Rule.

(d) (i) A sailing vessel of Jess than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable,

exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Rule. but if she does

not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torc h or lighted lantern showing a

white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for

(ii)

sailing vessels, but if she does nOI, she shall have ready at hand an eleclric torch

or lighted lantern show ing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficie nt

time to prevent collision.

(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery

shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape. apex downwards.

RUlE 26

I' ishing Vessels

(a) A vessel engaged in fishing. whether underway or al anchor, shall exhibit

only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through

tbe water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishi ng appliance, shall exhibit

(i) two all-round lights in a venica! line, the upper being green and the

lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a

vertical line one above the other;

(ii) a masthead light abaft of and highcr than the all-round green light; a

vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall nOl be obliged to exhibit such a light

but may do so

(iii) when making way throughout the watcr in addition to the lights

prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a stemlighl.

(c)

A vessel engaged in fi shing, other than tra wling, shall exhibit

(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line. the upper being red and the lower

white, or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line

one above the other

(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizon taJly

from the vessel. an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction

of the gear

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed

in this paragraph, sidelights and a slemlighl.

(d) The add itional signals described in Annex II to these Regulations apply to a

vessel engaged in fi shing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing.

(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishi ng shall not exhibit the lights or shapes

p rescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vesse l of her length.

RULE 27

Vessels not unde r command or rest ricted in their ability to manoeuvre

(a)

A vessel nO( under command shall exhi bit

(i)

two all-rou nd red lights in a venical line where tbey can best be secn

two balls or similar shapes in a ven ical line where they can best be

(ii)

seen

when making way through the waler, in addition to the lights prescribed

(iii)

in this paragraph. sidelights and a stemlighl.

(b) A vessel restri cted in her ab ility to manoeuvre, except a vessel e ngaged in

mineclearance operations. shall exhibit

(i) three all-round ligh ts in a vertical line where they can best be seen. T he

highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be while

(ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The hi ghest

and lowest o f these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond;

(iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights

sidelights and a stemlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in su bparagraph (i) . ,

(iv) w hen at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes presc ribed in

subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely

restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their abi lity to deviate from their course

shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights or

shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (bXi) and (Ii) of this Rule.

(d) A vessel engaged in dredging or undefW"ater operations. when restricted in

her ability to manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in subparagraphs

(b)(j), (ii) and (iii) o f this Ru le and shall in addition, when obslruction exists. exhibit

(i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the s ide

on which the obstruc tion exists;

(ii) two al l-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate

the side on wh ich another vessel may pass

(iii) when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph

instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(e)

Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it

impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) o f th is Ru le,

the following shall be exhi bited

0) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. 1be

higbest and lowest of these ligh ts shall be red and the middle light shall be while;

(ii) a rigid re plica of the International Code flag "A" not less than I metre in

height. M easures shall be taken to e nsure its all-round visi bility.

(f) A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations shall in addition to the lights

prescribed for a power..<friven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for

a vessel at anc hor in Ru le 30 as appro priate:, exhibit three aU-round green lights or

three balls. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and

one at each endof the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for

another vessel to approach within 1000 metreS o f the mine clearance vessel.

(g) Vessels o f less than 12 metres in length, except those engaged in diving

operatio ns, shall nOI be requ ired to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in this rule.

(h) 1be signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals o f vessels in distress and

requiring ass istance. Such signals are c ontained in Annex rv to these Regulations.

RULE 28

Vessels constrained by their d ra ught

A vessel constrained by her draught may. in addi tion to the lights prescribed for

power-dri ven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three all-round

red lighls in a vertical line, or a cylinde r.

RULE 29

P il ot vessels

(a)

A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit

(i) at or near the masthead, two aU-round lights in a vertical line, the upper

being white and the lower red;

(ii)

when underway. in add ition. sidelights and a stemlighl

(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph

(i) the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor.

(b) A pilot vessel when nol e ngaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or

shapes prescribed for a similar vessel of her length.

RULE 30

Anchored vessels and vessels aground

A vessel al anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen

(a)

(i)

in the fore pan, an all-round while light or one ball;

(ii) at or ncar lhe stem and at a lower level than the light prescribed in

subparagraph (i). an all-round while light.

(b) A vessel of less Ihan 50 metres in length may exhibit an all-round while

light where it can best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this

Rule.

(e) A vessel al anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in length shall,

also use the available working or c'Iuivalent lights to illuminate her decks.

(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in par.lgraph (a) or (b)

of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen

(i)

two all-round red lights in a venicalline

(i i)

three balls in a vertical line.

(e) A vessel of less than 7 mettes in length, when at anchor, nOl in or near a

narrow channel. fairway or anchorage. or where other \'essels nonnally navigate, shall

not be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of

th is Rule.

(I) A vessel ofless Ih3n 12 metres in le ngth, when 3ground, shall nOI be required

to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (d)(i) and (ii) of th is Ru le .

RULE 3 1

Seaplanes

Where it is impraclic3ble for a seaplane to exhibit lig hts and shapes of the

charucteristics or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this part she shall exhibit

lights and shapes as closely similar in characteristics and position as is IXlssible.

8 37

PART D - SOUND AND LIG HT SIGNALS

RULE 32

Dennitions

(a)

The word "whist le" means any sound signalling appliance capable of

producing the prescribed b lasts and which complies with the specificatio ns in Annex

11110 these Regulations.

The lenn "short blast" means a blast Of about one second's duration.

(b)

(e) The lenD "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four [0 six seconds'

duration.

RULE 33

Equipment for sound signalling

(a) A vessel of 12 me tres or more in length shal l be provided with a whistle and

a bell and a vessel o f 100 metres or more in length shall, in addition, be provided with

a gong, the lone and sound o f which cannot be confused with that o f Ihe bell. The

whistle, bell and gong shall comply with the specifications in Annex UI \0 lhesc

Re gulations. The bell o r gong or both may be rep laced by other equipment having the

same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sounding o f the prescribed

signals shall always be possible.

(b) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shaJl not be obliged to carry the

sound signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she doc.~ not.

she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient sound signal.

Manoeuvring and warning signals

(a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel un derway,

whe n manoeuv ring as authorised or required by these Rules, shall indicate that

manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle

- one shon blast to mean " I am altering my course to starboard";

- IWO shon blasts to mean " ' am altering my course 10 port";

- three short blasts to mean " [ 11m operating astern propulsion".

(b) Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a)

o f this Rule by light signals, repeated as appropriate, wh ilst the manoeuvre is being

carried out

tlJese lights shall have the following significance

(i)

- one flash to mean .. I am altering my course co starboard";

- two flashes to mean "I am altering my course 10 port";

- three flashes to mean "I am operating astern propulsion"

Ihe duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between

(ii)

flashes shall be abou t one second, and the interval between successive signals

shall not be less than ten seconds;

(iii) the light used forthis signnl shall, if fitled. be an all-round white light

visible at a minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of

Annex I to these Regulations.

(c)

When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway

a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule

(i)

9(e)(i) indi cate her intention by thc following signals on her whis!!e

two prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean " I intend

to overtake you on you r starboard side";

two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts to mean " I intend

to overtake you on your port side".

Oi) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule

9(eXi) shall indicate her agreement by the following signal on her whistle

one prolonged, one short. one prolonged and one short blast, in that

order.

(d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from

any cause either vessel fai ls to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in

doubt whether s ufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vcssel

in doubt s hall immediate ly indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid

blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five

short and rapid flashes.

(e) A vessel ncaring a bend or an area o f a channel or faino.ray where other

vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged

blast. Such signal shall be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vcssel

that may be wit h in heari ng around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction.

If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apan of more than 100 metres.

(f)

one whistle only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warni ng signals.

8 39

RULE 35

Sound signals in restricled visibility

In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night. the signals

prescribed in this Ru le shall be used as follows

(a)

A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at

intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.

(b) A power-driven vessel underway but slopped and making no way

through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged

blasts in succession with an interval of about 2 seconds between them.

(e)

A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability 10

manoeuvre, a vessel constrained by her draught. a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged

in fi shing and a vessel engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead

of the signals prescri bed in paragraphs (a) or (b) or this Rul e, sound at interva ls of

nOI more than 2 minutes three blasts in succession, namely one prolonged fo llowed

by two short blasts.

(d) A vessel engaged in fiShing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in

her ability to manoeuvre when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of

the signals prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in

paragraph (c) of this Rule.

(e) A vessel towed o r if more than one vessel is towed the last vesse l o f

the to w, if manned. shall at intervals of not more than 2 mi nutes sou nd four

blasts in succession, namel y one prolonged foll owed by three short blasts,

Whe n practica ble, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made

by the towing vessel.

(0

When a pushed vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly

connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and

shall give the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or (b) of this Ru le.

(g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ri ng

the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length

the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the

ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the

after pan of the vessel. A vessel at ancho r may in addition sound three blasts in

succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short blast, 10 give warning

of her position and of the possibility o f collision to an approaching vessel.

(h) A vessel agrou nd shall give the bell signal and if requ ired the gong

signal prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Ru le and shall, in addition, give three

separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the rapid

ringing of Inc bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whislie

signal.

(i) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall nO( be obliged to give Ine

above-mentioned signals but, if she does nol, shall make some other efficient

sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.

Ul

A pi lot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition IOlhe

signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (g) of Ihis Rule sound an ident i ty

s ignal consisting of fOllr short blasts.

RULE 36

Signals to attract aUention

If nccess3ry to auraet the atleolioD of another vessel any vessel may make light or

sound signals thai cannot be mistaken for any signal aut horised elsewhere in these

Ru les. or may direct the beam of hcr searchlight in the direction of the danger. in such

a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another

vessel shall be such that it cannot be mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the pUTJlose

of this Rule the use of high intensity intennittent or revolving lights. such as st robe

lights. shall be avoided.

RULL 37

Distress s igna ls

When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the

signals described in Annex IV to these Regulations.

PART E - EXEMPTIONS

RULE 38

Exemptions

Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided thaI she complies with the requirements

of the Intemational Regulations for preventing Collisions at Sea. 1960. the ked of

whjch is laid or which is at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry inlo

force of these Regulations may be exempled from compliance therewith as follows

(a) The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22. until foof

years afte r the date of entry into force of these Regulations.

(b) The installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed in

Section 7 of Annex I to these Regulations. until four years after the date of e ntry

into force of these Regulations.

(e) The repositioni ng o f lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to

metric units and rounding off measurement figures, permanent e xemption.

(d) (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less th an 150

metres in le ngth, resuhi ng from the prescriptions o f Section 3(a) o f Annex I

to these Regulations, pennanen! exemption.

The repositi oning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 metres or

(ii)

more in length. resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3(a) of Annex I to

these Reg ulations, until nine years after the date of entry into force of these

Regulations.

(e) The repos itioning of masthead lights resul ting from the presc riptions

of Section 2(b) o f Annex I to these Regulations unti l nine years after the datc of

entry into force of th ese Regulations.

(1)

The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of

Sections 2(g) and 3(b) of Ann ex. I to these Regulations until nine years afte r the

date of entry inlo force of these Regulations.

(g) The req uirements for sou nd signal appl iances prescribed in'An nex ill

to these Regulations, until ni ne years after the date of entry into force of these

Regulations.

(h) The repositioning of all-ro und lights resulting from the prescription C!f

Section 9(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, permanent exemption.

ANNEX I

POsmONING AND TECHNICAL DETAILS OF

LIGHTS AND SHAPES

1. Definition

1be tcrm " height above the hull" means height above the uppermost continuous

deck. This height shall be measured from the position vertically beneath the location

of the light.

2. Vertical posItioning and spacing or Iigbts

(a) O n a powe r-driven vessel o f 20 metres or more in length the masthead

lights shall be ploced as follows

(i) the forward masthead light. or if only one masthead light is carried

then that light. at a height above the hull of not less than 6 metres, and, if the

breadth of the vessel exceeds 6 mctres, then at a height above the hull not

less than such breadth, so however that Inc light need not be placed al a

greatcr height above the hull than 12 metreS

(ii ) when twO masthead lights are carried the afler one shall be at

least 4 .5 metres Vertically higher than the forward one.

(b) The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels shall

be such thaI in all nonnal conditions of trim the after light will be seen over and

separule from the forward light at a distance of 1000 metres from the stem when

viewed fro m sea-level.

(c) lllc masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 metres bu t less than

20 metres in length shall be placed at a height above the gunwale of not less than

2.5 mctres.

(d) A power-driven vcssel of less than 12 metres in length may carry the

uppcmlOsl light at a hcight of less Ihan 2.5 metres above the gunwale. Whcn

howcver a masthead light is carried in addition 10 sidelights and a slemlight or the

all-round light presc ribed in Rule 23(c)(i) is carried in addition to side lights. thcn

such masthead light or al l-round light shall be carried at least I meLre higher thcn

the sidelights.

(e) One of the two or three masthead lights prescribed for a power-driven

vessel when engaged in towing or pushing anomer vessel shall be placed inthe

samc position as either the forward maslhead light or thc after masthead light ;

provided that. if carried on the aftcrm3st. the lowest after masthead light shallbe

at Icasl4.5 metres Vertically higher than the forward masthead light.

(f) (i) The masthead light or lights prewibed in Rule 23(a) ~hn ll beso

placed as 10 be above and clear of aU other lights and obstructions except as

described in subparagraph (ii).

When it is im practicable to carry the all-round lights prescribed by

(i i)

Rule 27(b)(i) o r Rule 28 below the masthead lights. they may be carried nbove

the after masthead light(s) or vertically in belween the forward rnaslheadlighl(S)

and after masthead light(s). provided that in the latter case Ihe requirements of

Section 3(c) of this Annex shall be complied with.

(g) The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed al a height above

the hull not gre,lIer than three quarters of that of the forward masthead light. They

shall not be so low as to be interfered with by deck lights.

(h) The sidelights, if in a combined lantem and carried on a power-driven

vessel of less than 20 metres in length. shall be placed not less than I metre below

the masthead light.

When the Rules prescribe two or three lights 10 be carried in a vertical

(i)

linc, they shal l be spaced as follows

(i) on a vessel of 20 metres in length o r more such lights shall be

spaced nOI less man 2 meues apart. and the lowes! of these lights shalL

except where a lowing light is required, be placed at a height of not less than

4 metres above the hull;

(ii) on a vessel of less than 20 metres in length such lights shaH be

spaced not less Ihan J metre apart and Ihe lowest of these lights shall, except

where a lowing lig ht is required, be placed at a heigh t of nOI less tban 2

metres above the gunwale

when three lights are carried they s hall be equally spaced.

(iii)

(j) The lower of the two all-round lights prescritll.:d for a vessel when

engaged in fishing shall be at a height above the sidelights not less than twice the

distance between the two vertical lights.

(k) The forward anchor light prescribed in Rule 30(a)(i). when two arc

carried, shall not be less than 4.5 metres above the after o ne. On a vessel of 50

metres or more in length this forward anchor light shall be placed at a height of

not less than 6 metres above the hull.

3. Horizontal positioning and spacing or lights

(a) When two masthead lights are prescribed for a power·driven vessel,

the horizontal distance between them shall not be less than one-half of the length

of the vessel but need not be more than 100 metres. T he forward light shaU be

placed not more than one quarter of the length of the vessel from the stem.

(b) On a power-driven vessel of 20 metres or more in length the sidelights

shal l not be placed in front o f the forward masthead lights. T hey shall be placed at

or near the side of the vessel.

(c) When the lights prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) or Rule 28 are placed

ve rtically between the forward masthead lig ht(s) and the after masthead light(s)

these all· round lights shall be placed at a horizontal d istance of not less tha n 2

metres from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel in the athwanship direction.

(d) When only one masthead light is prescribed for a power driven vessel,

this light shall be exhibited forward of amidships; except that a vessel of Jess than

20 metres in length need not exhi bit this light forward of amidships but shall

exhibit it as far forward as is practicable.

4. Delails of location of direction-indicating lights for fishing vessels,

dredgers and vessels engaged in underwater operations

(a) TIle light indicating the direction of the outl ying gear from a vessel

engaged in fishing as prescribed in Rule 26(c)(ii) shall be placed at a horizontal

distance of not less than 2 metres and nol more than 6 metres away from the two

all-round red nnd while lights. This light shall be placed not higher th an the all

round white light prescribed in Rule 26(c)(i) and nOl lower Ihan the sidelights.

(b) The lights and shapes on a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater

operations to indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on which it is safe to

pass, as prescribed in Rule 27(d)(i) and (ii), shall be placed at the maximll1l

practical horizontal distance, but in no case less than 2 metres, from the lights or

shapes prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) and (ii). Ln no case shall the uppe r of these

lights or shapes be at a greater height than the lower of the three lights or shapes

prescrilxd in Rule 27(b)(i) and (ii).

5. SCl't.'ens for s Idelights

The sideligh ts of vessels of20 metres or more in length shall be fitted with inboard

screens painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of section 9 of this Annex..

On vessels of less than 20 metres in length the sideli ghts, if necessary to meet the

requirements of section 9 of this Annex., shall be fitted with inboard matt black screens

With a combined lantern, using a single vertical filament and a very narrow division

between the green and red sections, external screcns need not be fitted.

In these regulations, "Organisation" means the International

Maritime Organisation.

The International Regu lations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, .... I'I'Hca;"" of

International

1972,setout in the Schedule to these regulations shall, with the exception Reg"l.ti"""

of Rule 37 and Annex rv thereof, have effect for the prevention of

collisions at sea and other navigable waters.

These regulations shall apply to all vessels registered in Malta Applicoti<ln of

these "'g"l>lions .

and shall also be observed by all foreign vessels within Maltese territorial

and inland waters.

The Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions) Regulations, Rev<*e. L.N. 28

1989, are hereby revoked.

of 1989.

Sha pes

(a)

Shapes shall be black and of the foUowing sizes

(i)

a ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0 .6 metre

(ii) II cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 metre and a

height o f twice its diameter

(iii) a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 metre and a height

of twice its diameter

(iv) a diamond shape shall consist o f two cones liS defined in (Ii) abOve

having a common base.

The vertical distance between shapes shall be al least 1,5 metres.

(b)

(c) In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length shapes of lesser dimensions

but commensurate with the size of the vessel may be used and the distance apart

may be correspondingly reduced.

8 45

Colour specification or lights

The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following standards.

which lie within the boundaries orlbe area oflhe diagram specified for each colour by

the International Commission on Illumination (C lE).

The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating the corner

co-ordinates, which are as follows

(0

White

x 0525 0525 0 .452 03 10 0 .3 10 0.443

Y 0.382 0.440

0.440 0348 0.283

0.382

(ii)

Grec"

x 0.028 0.009 0.300 0.203

Y 0.385 0.723

0.511

0.356

R,d

(i ii)

x 0.680 0.660 0.735 0.721

Y 0.320 0.320 0.265 0.259

Yellow

(iv)

x 0.612 0.618 0.575 0.575

Y 0.382 0.382 0.425 0.406

Intensity or lights

(a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using

the formula

1= 3.43 x \fJ'i x T x 01 X K-D

where

I

is luminous intensity in candelas under service conditions,

is threshold factor 2 x 10- 7 lux,

T

D is rnnge of visibility (luminous range) or the light in nautical miles,

K

is atmospheric transmissivity.

For prescribed lights the va lue of K shall be 0.8, corresponding loa

meteorological visibility of approx.imately 13 nautical miles.

(b )

A selection o f figures derived from the fomtula is given in the follOwing

table

Range of visi bility

Luminous intensity of

(luminous ran ge) of

light in candelas for

light in nautical miles

K = O.8

D

I

0.9

4.3

Tho rn("i nlu,,' IUIn;"" .. in'oMiry of 1U,;p:ioIIli, hi> Jhoold be hm~<:d k>.void ......... ~ nn shall "'"

Note

be 1IC ~1<:\icd b~ • variobk "",,,o1 of (be luml""",. in"",;!y.

Horizontal sectors

(a) (i) In the forward d irection. Sidelights as fitted on the vessel shall

show the mi n imum required intensities. The intensities shall decrease to reach

practi cal cUI-off between I degree and 3 degrees outside the prescribed

sectors.

For Slcrnlighls and masthead lights and at 22.5 degrees abaft the

(ii)

beam for sidelig hts. the minimum requi red intensities shall be maintained

over the arc of the horizon up to 5 degrees within the limits of th e sectors

prescribed in Rule 2 1. From 5 degrees within the prescribed seCtors the

intensity may decrease by 50 per cent up to the prescri bed limits: it shall

decrease steadily to reach pract.ical cut-off at no t more than 5 degrees outside

the prescribed sectors.

(b) (i) All-round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by masts,

topmasts or structures within angular sectors of more Ihan 6 degrees. exeept

ancho r lights prescribed in Rul c 30. whic h nee d not be placed al an

impracticable height above the hull.

(ii) Ifit is impracticable to eomply with paragraph (b)(i) of this section

by e xhibiting o nly o ne all-round light. two all-round lighls shall be used

suitabl y pos itioned or screened so that they appear. as far as practicable , as

one light at a d istance o f one mile.

I I).

Ve rtical se<:tors

(a) The vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted, with the exception of

lights on sailing vessels unde r way. shall ensure tha t

(i) alleas! the required minimum intensity is mai ntained at all angles

from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal ;

at least 60 percent of tile required minimum intensity is maintained

(ii)

from 7.5 degrees above to 7.5 degrees below the horizontal.

(b)

In the case of sailing vessels underway the vertical sectors of electric

light as fitted shall ensure that

at least th e requ ired minimum in tensity is maintained lit all angles

(1)

from 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal;

at leasl50 percent of the required minimum intensity is maintained

(li)

from 25 degrees above to 25 degrees below the ho rizo ntal.

(e) In the case o f lights other than e lectric these specifications shall be met

as closely as possible.

II.

Intensit y orn on -electric ligh ts

Non-electric lights shall so far as practicable comply with the mi nimum intensities,

a~ specified in the table give n in section 8 of Ihis Anne x.

Manoeu vring light

Notw ithstanding the provisions of paragra ph 2( 1) of this Annex the manoeuvring

light described in Rule 34(b) shall be placed in the same fore and aft vertica l plane as

the masthead light or lights and, where practicable. at a minimum height of 2 metres

venically above the forward masthead light. provided that it sha ll be carried not less

than 2 metres venically above or below the after masthead light. On a vessel where

only one masthead light is carried. the manoeuvring light, if fitted, shall be carried

where it can best be seen. not less than 2 metres vertically apart from the masthead

light.

High Speed Craft

The masthead light of a high speed craft wi th a length to breadth ratio of less than

3.0 may be placed at a height related to the breadth of the craft lower than that prescribed

in paragraph 2(a)(i) o f this Annex, provided that the base angle of the isosceles triangles

fonned by the sidelights and masthead light. when seen in end elevation, is not less

than 27Q.

Approval

The construction of lights and shapes and the installation of Ii hlS o n bo rd the

vessel shall be to the satis faction of the appropriate authori ty of the Siale whose flag

the vessel is e nli(/ed to fly.

ANNEX II

ADDITIONAL S IGNALS FOR F ISHING VESSELS

FISHLNG IN CLOSE PROXIMITY

I. Gener .. 1

The lights mentioned herein shall , if exrubited in pursuance of Ru le 26(d) be

placed where they can best be seen. They shall be at least 0.9 metre apart but al a lower

level Ihan lights prescribed in Rule 26(b)(i) and (e)(i). T he lightS shall be visible all

round the horizon at a distance o f at least I mile but at a lesser d istance tha n the lights

prescri bed by these Rul es for fisrung vessels.

2. Signals for trawlers

(a)

Vessels of 20 metres or more in length when engaged in tra wling. whether

\Ising demersal or pelagic gear, shall exhibit

(i)

when s hooting their nets

two white lights in a vel1ical line;

(ii)

when hauling their nets

one white light over one red ligh t in a ve rti cal line

(iii)

when the net has come fast upon an obstruction

two red lights in a vcnicallinc.

(b)

Eac h vessel o f 20 metres o r more in length engaged in pair tra wling shall

exhibit

(i) by night, a searchlight direc ted forward and in the direction of the other

vessel of the pair

(ii) when shooting or hauli ng their nets or when thei r nets have come fast

upon an obstruction. the tig hts prescribed in 2 (a) above.

A vessel of less than 20 metres in length engaged in trawling. whether using

(e)

demersal or pelagic gear or engaged in pair trawling. may exhibit the lights prescribed

in paragraphs (8) or (b) o f this section, as appropriate.

3. Signals ror purse seiners

Vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibjl two ye llow lights in

a vertical line. T hese Ughts shall nash alte rnately every second and with equal lighl

and occultation dura tion. These lights may be e xhibited only when the vessel IS

hampered by its fishing gear.

AN NEX III

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF SOUND SIGNAL APPLIANCES

1. Whistles

Frequencies alld range of audibility

(a)

The fundamental freq uency of the signal shalJ lie within the range 70-700 ~I z.

The range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shall be determined by those

frequencies. which may include the fundamental and/or one or more higher frequen cies.

wltich lie within the r.u1ge 180-700 Hz (± I per cent) and which provide the sound

pressure levels specified in paragraph J{c) below.

Limits of fundamental f~quenci<:s

(b)

To ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics. the fundamental frequency of

a whistle shall be between the following limits

(i)

70-200 Hz. for a vessel 200 metres or more in length

(ii)

130-350 Hz. for a vessel 75 metres but less than 200 metres in

length

(iii) 250-700 Hz. for a vessel less than 75 metres in length.

8 50

(c)

Sound sigllal imensity and range of audibility

A whistle fitted in a vessel shall provide, in the direction of maximum intensity

of the whistle and 3t a distance of I metre from it, a sound pressure level in at least one

l/3rd-octave b:md wilhin the range of frequenc ies 180-700 Hz (± 1 per cenl) of not

less than lhe appropriate figure given in the table below.

lIJrd-octa\'e band

Audibility

Le ngth of "essel

level at I metre in

range in

in metres

dB referred to

nautical miles

2,,10" N/m l

200 or more

75 but Jess than 200

1.5

20 but less than 75

I

Less than 20

0.5

The range o f 3udibility in the table :lbove is for information and is approximately

the range at whi ch a whistle may be heard on its forward axis with 90 percent probability

in conditions of still ai r on board a vessel having avemge background noise level at the

listening posts (taken to be 68 dB in the octave band centred on 250 Hz and 63 dB in

the octave band centred on 500 Hz).

[n practice the range al which a whistl e may be heard is extremely variable and

depends critically on weather conditions: the values given can be regarded as typical

but undcr conditions of strong wind or high ambient noise level at the listening post

the range may be mu ch reduced.

Directional properties

(d)

The sound pressure level of tl direc tional whistle shtlJl be not more than 4 dB

below the presc ribed sound pressure level on the axis at any direction in the horizontal

pltlne within ±45 degrees of the axis. The sound pressure level at any other direction in

the horizontal plane shall be not more than IOdB below the prescribed sound pressure

level on the axis . so that the range in any direction will be at least half the r.mge on the

forward axis. The sound pressure level shtlll be measured in that 1f3rd-octave band

which detennines the audibility range.

PositiOT/h,g o/whistles

(c)

When a directional whistle is to be used as the only whistle on a vessel. it shall be

installed wi th its maximum intensity directed straight ahead.

B '\

A whistle shall be placed as high as practicable on a vessel, in order to reduce

interception oflhe emitted sound by obstructions and also 10 minimise hearing damage

risk to personnel. The sou nd pressure level oflhe vessel's own signal 81iistening posts

shall not exceed J J 0 dB (A) and so far as practicable should not exceed 100 dB (A).

Filling of mort! than one whistle

(f)

If whistles are fitted at a distance apan of more than 100 metres. it shall be so

amnged thai they are not sounded simultaneously.

Combined whistle systems

(g)

If due to the presence of obstructions the sound field of a single whistle or of one

of the whistles referred to in paragraph 1 (0 above is likely to have a zone of greatly

reduced signallcvei, it is recommended that a combined whistle syslem be fitted so as

10 overcome this reduction. For the purpo!le..~ of the Ru le." a combined whislle system

is to be regarded as a single whistle. The whistles of a combined system shall be

located at a distance apart of not more th an 100 metres and arranged to be sounded

simultaneously. The frequency of anyone; whistle shall d\ffer from those of the others

by at least iO Hz.

2. Bell or gong

Int~nsiry oj signal

(a)

A bell or gong. or other device having similar sou nd characteristics shall produce

a sound pressure level of not less than! [0 dB at a distance of I metre from it.

Constr!4clioll

(b)

Bells and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and designed to

give a clear lone. The diameter of the mouth o f the bell shall be oot less than 300 mm

for vessels o f 20 metres or more in length. and shall be not less than 200mm for vessels

of 12 metres or more, but ofless than 20 metres in length. Where practicable. a power-

dri ven bell striker is recommended to ensure cons tant force but manual operation shall

be possible. The mass of the strike r shall be nOI less Ihan 3% of the mass of the bell.

3. Approva l

The construction of sound signal appliances. their perfonnance and their installation

on board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of tbe appropriate authority of the State

whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly.

ANNEX IV

DISTRESS SIGNALS

The followi ng signals. used orexhibi led either logetheror separately, indicate

distress and need of assistance

(a)

a gun or other ex plosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;

(b)

a contin uous sounding with an y fog-signalling apparatus;

rockets or she lls, throwing red s tar~ fired one at a ti me at sho rt

(c)

a signal made by radi Oleiegraphy or by any other signalling method

(d)

consisting of the group .. ,-, .. (50S) in the Morse Code;

(e) a s ignal sent by rad iotelephony conSisting of the spoken word

the International Code Signal o f distress indicated by N.C.;

(g) a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a bailor

"nything resembling a ball

(h)

nall1es un the velisel (a:; frum a buming lar ll=l. o il barrel. etCJ;

(i)

il rocket parachute flare or a hand- fl are showi ng a red light

(j)

il smoke signal giving off orange-colo ured smoke;

(k)

slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each

the radi oteleg raph alarm signa l;

(m)

the radiotele phone alarm signal

(n)

signals trans mitted by emergency position-indicating radio beacons;

(0) approved signals transm iu ed by radiocommunication systems .

includin g survi val craft radar transponde rs.

2. T he use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals ellcept for the pur pose

o f indicatin g distress and need of assistance and the use o f other signals whic h may be

confused wilh any o f the above Signals is prohibited.

3. Attention is drawn to the relevant scctions oft be lntemational CodeofSignais.

the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the fo llowing signals

(a) a piece of orange-coroured canvas with either a black-square an d circle or

other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air);

a dye marker.

(b)

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