Regulations, 1981

Suppliment tal-Gazzetta tal-Gvern ta' Malta Nru. 13,894, 9 ta' Ottubru, 1981

L.N. 108 of 1981

MERCHANT SmpPING ACf, 1973

(ACf NO. XI OF 1973)

Mercħant Sħipping (Certification of Marine Engineer Officers)

Regulations, 1981

IN exercise of the powers conferred by sections 92 and 374 of the

Merchant Shipping Act, 1973, the Prime Minister has made the foIIow­

ing regulations:-

These regulations may be cited as the Merchant Shipping

(Certification of Marine Engineering Officers) Regulations, 1981.

Regulation 3

Examination for the Grant of Certificates of Competency as First Engineer

and Second Engineer

A dmission to ExaminatiO/i

1 . An application to take the said examination shall be made to the Registrar­

General on a form supplied b y him, which form, sll'bject to the provisions of this

regulation, shall be accompanied by -

the applicant's certificate of birth;

(a)

(b) cert if ica te of d i s c h arg e , and su ch other certificates as may be necessary

to establish, to the satisfaction of the Registrar-General, that t he app l ic an t has

p e r form e d the necessary q ua l i fy ing service; and

(c) in the case of First Engineer, a valid certificate of competency as Second

Engineer.

2. Every such application duly compl e te d shall b e lodge d w i t h th e R e g i s tr a r

­

General who shall-

(a)

if satisfied that the applicant is eligibl e to take the exam i nati o n take

,

note of this application, inform him of t he date when, and the place where the

examination will be held, and return the app1icant the certific a t es which accompa­

nied the ap p l ica t io n ; or

(b) if not s o satisfied inform the a p plicant accordingly in writ i n g stating the

,

grounds on which the application is refused, and return to him the certificates.

3. The Registrar-Ge:n,eral shall in form the Administrative Sec reta ry of the

arrangements made for th e holding of the e x a mina t i on in accordance with these regula­

tions and if the A dmini s trat i ve Secretary is sa sa t i s fi ed he shall authorise the examina­

tion to be held.

4. The Re gist rar G en e ral shall inform the A dminist ra t iv e Secre1ary of the result

-

of the examination and ii the Administrative Se cret a ry is sa tisfied that the examination

has been proper1y held in accordance with these r e g u la t i o n s he shall authorise the

R eg i st r a r G en e ral to inform the candidates of the resu1t of the examination.

-

5. A cand ida t e m8Y apply to t ak e either the whole of Par t A of the examination

for First Enginer or Second Engineer certificates or, if exempted from certain subjects,

the remaining subject or su b je cts at any time after he has c omplete d the training set

out in the Third Schedule to these re g ulati o n s , except in th e case of an examination

for a First Engineer certificate w hen he must in addition be in pos s essi o n of a Second

Engineer Ce r t i fi c a te

.

6. A candidate may present himself for Part B of an e xa m i nati o n at any time

after he has completed the necessary period of qu a lif y in g sea service p r o v id e d that he

a1so takes at the sa me time the w h o le of the Part A examination unless he has pre­

viously completed the Part A examination 01' has been ex em pt e d from it.

7. A candidate who is successful in pa s sing any subject may not be required to

resit that subject at as subseguent attempt.

Re-examination

A candidate who fai l s in any part of the examination may present himself for

8. re-examination at any subsequent examination subject to no pena1ty und er pa r ag r a p h 9

or 10 of this schedule being e nfo rced

.

B

Penalty for failure in the Engineering Knowledge Examination

In the se regulations, unless the context otherwise requires -

"First Engineer" means First Class Engineer of a Motorship;

"Motorship" means a ship propelled by internal combustion

reciprocating engines;

" prescribed fee" means the appropriate fee prescribed in the

Merchant Shipping (Fees) Regulations, 1973;

"Second

Engineer"

means

Second

Class

Engineer of

a

Motorship.

Regulation 3

Qualifying Sea Service

J. C a ndidates for Certif i cates as Second Engineer must, in addition to the

requirements for ini t i a l training set out in the Third Schedule to these reg ul a t i o n s have

,

completed the f ol lo wing period of qualifying Sea Service in ship s of not less than

746 KW power : twenty-one months, of which at least nine months mus t have been spe nt

on the main pr o p e lli n g machinery of a m ot o r ship; the r e main i ng peri od may have been

spent on the main p r o pe lli n g machinery of a s te am or moto r shi p, or on s u i t able

auxiliaries of any shi p or on d ay work

.

2. Ca n di d a t es for Certificates as First Engineer must, whilst in p ossessi o n of a

Certificate as Second En,gineer have completed the sa me period of qualifying sea

s erv i c e as t h a t requi r ed in p ar ag r aph I of this Schedule, such sea service having been

in s h i ps of not less than 3000 KW power.

Remission of qualifying Sea Service

3. For a certif i eate as Second Engineer eandidates who have passed Part A of

the examination for a e e r t ifica t e as Second Engineer Of wh o have obtained a certificate,

dip lom a or d eg r e e r e eo g n ised by the Registrar-G:;neral as conferring full exemp t ion

from Part A of the Cer t ifiea t e for Second Engineer before starting qualifying sea

service may be granted three months remission o f qual ifying sea serv i ee

Provided that th e last six months of this period of eighteen months' sea sei"vice

may be p erform ed after the taking of Part B of t he examination refcrred to in these

regulations. with in a perio d specified by the Registrar-General, which period shaB not

exceed nine months from the date of the examination, o n eondition that until such time

as t h e R eg i s t rar G ene r al is s at isfied that this s erv ice has been performed. the applica.nt

-

shall not be considered as having passed the exam i nat ion

.

For a Certif i cat e as F i r st Engi neer candidat e s wh o have p ass ed Part A of the

4. E x a m inati o n for a Certificate as First E n gi n ee r or who bave obtained a certificate,

diploma or degree recognised by the Reg i s t ra r Gen e ral as c o n fer r i ng fuU ex e mpt i on

-

from Part A o f the Certificate as First En gin ee r before s t ar t ing qu ali f ying sea service

may be gr anted t hree months remission of qualifying sea service.

General Provisions as to Eligibility

5. Exeep t where ot h erwis e stated, qualifying sea serviee means service under crew

agreements as E n gineer Officer on regular watch, Le. on watch f o r not less than eight

out of e a e h twe nt y fo ur hours of service claimed, in shi p s with propel1ing machi n ery in

-

tun use.

When part or whole of the service has been performed in S' h ips which f?r

6. considerable periods have not been under way, a s tate m e n t from the owners of the ShlP

must be p r odu eed stating the time in days actually under way. In s uch circumstances

qualifying sea service may be reckoned as ? ne and a h a l f t i mes th e nu m ? er of d�ys

.

a c tu a l ly spent under way but in no case can lt exceed the tIme

spent on ArtIcles dunng

the period coneerned.

In the case of candidates for the First Engineer examination th�s serviee shou�d

7. as sec on d 1ll

be p erfo med as Eng in ee r Officer in eh :l rg e ?f the w�tch alth o ugh servlce

r

regu � ar w � tch at the

se n iority on shi p s where three or more Engmeer Of � le � rs �re on

same time will be accep t ed but service of lower sem o flty III such ShIP wlll onlY be

ae c ep t ed a t h a li ra t e

.

B

8. Sea Service performed by ? �gineer 9 fficers employed in work practices in ships

operated on oth�r than the t�'adl ? :onal elg � t hour watchkeeping routine may be

.

accepted as quahfymg sea serVl'ce lf the Reglstrar-General is satisfied that such work

practices provide a reasonably balanced system of service. Sea service fal1ing within

th� s�ope of this paragraph wi1l be assessed according to the following general

pnnclples

When an Engineer Officer is nominated as being in so1e charge of periodically

unattended machinery spaces for a period of twenty-four hours, the time so spent

on such 'on call' watchkeeping may be accepted at one-and-a-half rate, the

remainder of the time on Articles wilI be considered as daywork and allowed to

count towards qualifying sea service as detailed in paragraph 1 1 of this Schedule.

The total sea service accepted under these conditions wi1l be either that computed

in accordance with this paragraph 01' the time actually spent on Articles. which­

ever is less.

9. Sea service in ships where a watchkeeping Engineer Officer, as part of his

regular duties does work not usually performed by a Watchkeeping Engineer Officer

in the Merchant Navy, is not generally acceptab1e. The Registrar-General will however

consider cases where, although the work is of an unusual nature, it is considered

pertinent to the operational experience of a Marine Engineer. In such cases the

Registrar-General may accept the sea service up to a maximum of nine months, either

at full rate, or at some proportiona1 rate depeudeut on the type of work involved. Such

sea service will uot however be accepted as couting towards the minimum sea service

required to be spent on the main propel1ing machinery of a motor ship.

10. Time spent on auxiliary machinery essential to the running of the main

prope1ling machinery will be allowed to count in full towards qualifying sea service.

this service being subject to a maximum acceptable limit of nine months. Time served

on suitable auxiliary machinery run independently of the main prope11ing machinery

wi11 count at half ra te, the total service sa caIculated is subject to a maximum accept-

.

able limit of nine months.

li. Engineering work carried out within the engine and boiJer spaces of a steam

motor ship at sea, other than that performed on regular watch. wilI be counted

01'

towards qualifying sea service as follows: up to eight months at full rate and any

further period at half rate, the total service so ca1cuIated is subject to a maximum

acceptab1e limit of twelve months.

12. Every candidate must produce testimonia1s in respect of his qua1ifying sea

service. The testimonials, which should state the seniority on watch, the type of main

propelling machinery and the nature of the duties performed, are to be signed by the

Chief Engineer and to be endorsed by the Engineer Superintendent 01' by the Master

01' other representative of the owner.

When the candidate has acted in the capacity of Chief Engineer the

testimoniaHs) shall be signed by the company's Engineer Superintendent 01' a person of

responsibi1ity within the company.

13. When a candidate suffers from any physical or menta1 disability which might

interfere with the proper performance of his duties as an engineer officer, the signatories

of his testimonials should state whether such defect did in fact interfere in any way with

the efficient discharge of the candidate's duties.

14. Sea Service which cannot be verified by proper entries in the Articles of

Agreement of the ships in which the candidate has served wilI not be accepted, unless

authenticated to the satisfaction of the Registrar-General.

B

.I 5. ,"!, he candidate's qualifying sea s ervi c e as shown by his dis c h a r g e s a nd tes l i

­

n� o lll aIs w �II be reckoned by the ca l en d a r month. i.e. the time inc1uded between a11Y

glven day m a ny m o n t h a n d p re ce d i ng day of the following month, bo th inclusive. The

number of c o mplete months from the commencement of the p er i o d ascertained in this

,

way, sho u l � be c o mpu t e d after which the number of odd days should be counted. The

,

<lay on whIch the ag reeme nt commences. as we ll as that on which it terminates should

both be inc1uded, all l e a ve of ab s e n ce excluded and all odd days added t og e t ħ er and

reckoned at thirty days to the m o nt h

.

16. C a n di d a te s or potential candidates who, after having signed crew a g r eeme n t s

have n e g le c te d to j oin their vessels, or who, afte� h avin � jo i n e d , h ave l e f t th eir s h i p s

other than upon dIscharge, or who ha ve commltted m l sco nd u c t on board wiIl be

required to produce sat i sf a cto ry proof of two years s u b se q u e n t service with g o o d

conduct at sea, unless the Registrar-General after in v e s t iga ti o n should see fit to reduce

,

t his p erio d .

A certificate of competency as First Engineer and Second

Engineer, shall be granted by the Registrar-General

on payment of the prescribed fee, to any person who -

(a) in any case has passed the examination conducted in

terms of the rules set out in the First Schedule to these regulations

Provided that the Registrar-General may, under such candi­

tions as he may deem fit to impose, exempt from the whole, or

from any part of the relative examination, any person who proves

to the satisfaction of the Registrar-General that he has passed an

examination which, in the opinion of the Registrar-General, is

equally efficient to the requirements of these regulations;

(b) has performed to the satisfaction of the Registrar­

General the necessary qualifying sea service specified in the Second

Schedule to these regulations;

(c) has given evidence to the satisfaction of the Registrar­

General of his sobriety, experience, ability and general good

conduct on board ship;

(d) has undergone such medical tests as may be, from time

to time, prescribed by the Registrar-General to ascertain that his

hearing, speech, physical and mental condition are such as to

render him capable of discharging adequately the sea-going duties

pertaining to his grade;

(e)

holds a valid first aid at sea certificate to the satisfaction

of the Registrar-General;

(f) in the case of a First Engineer, holds a valid certificate

of competency granted, to the satisfaction of the Registrar-General,

under the same conditions as certificates of competency C:lS Second

Engineers aie granted in terms of these regulatiol1s;

in the eaSe of a Second Engineer --

(g)

(i) has completcd to the satisfaction of the Registrar­

General the initial training requirements set out in the Third

Schedule to these regulations; and

(iiJ has attended to the satisfaclion of the Registrar­

General an approved fire-fightir1g course and an apprcwecl

lifeboat and life saving appJiances course.

Re gul a tion 3

Initial Training

1. Wo r k s h o p training or other training before the age of six t een years will not

be accepted.

2. A c a n d i d a t e must have received on e of the

forms of t r a i n i n g sp e c i fie d

!fi

paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 6 below.

3. Training as Engineer Cadet. A ca n d i d a te must have completed an a p p roved

course of cadet tr a i n in g. These courses no rmall y of f o ur years duration consist of two

y e a r s academic st ud y one year sea-going se r vi c e and one year Industrial Workshop

,

e x perien c e and lead to the Marine Engineering Technicians D iplo ma or an equivalent

qualification.

4. T r a i n i n g as an Engin eer i n g Craftsman.

A candidate must have com p l e te d

four ears e ngi neer in g craft training. This period of s e r v i c e may include full time educa­

tion betwen the ages of 16 and 17 y ears : it must include one year 'off the job' t r a i n in g

in the use of too]s and techniC]ues of general engineering craft p r a c ti ce at an a p p r o v e d

industrial tr a in i ng c en t r e.

5. Training as Engineer Te c h n ici a n

A candidate m u s t have completed four

.

years t r a in i ng as an e ng i n ee r t e ch n i c i an du r ing which t i m e he must have ob t a ine d the

Higher T e c h nici a n s Diploma or an equivalent qualification, by part-time study and

has undergone one year 'of the job' t ra in ing in the use of tools and tecn i q u e s of g ener a l

e n g in ee r i n g craft practice at an a ppr o v ed industrial training centre.

Full-time te c h n i c a l c ol l eg e or univ e rs i ty courses.

A c a n di d a t e must have

6. s a t i sf a c t or il y co m p l e te d a full-time co urse of study of at kast the st a n da rd of a degree

in Me ch a n i ca l Of Civil Engineering for a period of not less than three years at a Tech­

nical col1e<Ye or u n ive r s ity t o g e t h er with eighteen months' e n g i n ee r i n g training of

,

to

r ele v a nc e

the duties of a sea-going eng i n e e r o fficer

.

Deficiency in Trainirig

7. Any deficiency from the requiremnts of paragraphs 3, 4, 5 a n d 6 will be

assessed in each case and m us t be made good by 'off the job t r a inin g or by f u r t h er

'

workshop service of a suitable character or by compensatory ship service as an

En g i n e e r Officer or trainee E ngin e er as the case may be.

B

8. Compensatory shipboard service must be performed either on regular watch

or on day work in ships of not less than 350 KW power. Time so spent on such ships

will be accepted as having two�thirds of the value of suitable workshop service. The

period of compensatory shipboard service required wi1l not exceed six years.

Compensatory sea service before the age of twenty years will not be accepted.

9. Testimonials

10. All candidates wi1l be required to produce testimonials covering the service.

These testimonials must be signed by the employer or his representative to the satisfac­

tion of the Registrar-General. Testimonials wi1l be returned to the candidates when the

examination is completed.

POURTHSCHEDULE

Regulation 3

Syllabuses

SECOND ENGINEER

Applied Mechanics

Statics. Force as a vector. Triangle and polygon of forces. Resultant and

equi1ibrant of a system of concurrent coplanar forces. Equilibrium of three coplanar

forces. Moment of a force. Couples. Moments of areas and volumes. Centroids and

centres of gravity (limited to geometrical shapes). Conditions of eguilibrium of solids.

Necessary force applied paral1eI to an inclined plane to pulI body up or down the

plane or to hold it stationary (including effect of friction). Work done at uniform speed

up the plane.

Friction. Coefficient of friction, Friction angle.

Energy and

power lost due to

friction in simple bearings.

Kinematics. Linear motion. Graphs and equations for displacements, speed,

velocity and uniform acceleration. Velocity as a vector. Relative velocities in one plane

only. Angular motion. Equations for displacement, velocity and uniform acceleration.

Dynamics. Work and power. Problems with constant force or force with 1inear

variation. Energy. Potential energy. Kinetic energy of translation. Newton's Iaws of

motion. Conservation of momentum. Centrifugal force and its application to conical

pendulum, unloaded governor. curved tracks and machine parts. Stress in thin rim due

to centrifugal action.

Machines. Simple lifting machine. Graphs of load-effort and load-efficiency. Linear

1aw. Ve10city ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of the following machines

wheel and ax1e. differential whee1 and axle, rope pulley blocks, differentia1 pulley

b10cks, screw jack. Warwick screw, hydrau1ic jack. worm-driven chain b10cks and

sing1e and double purchase crab winches. Reduction gearing.

Stress and strain. Direct stress and strain. Modulus of elasticity. Shear stress and

strain. Modulus of rigidity. Factor of safety. Stress due to restricted expansion or

contraction of single members.

Beams. Shearing force and bending moment diagrams for canti1evers and simply

supported beams with concentrated or uniformly distributed loads. Stress due to

bending.

B

Torsion. Strength and stiffness of solid or hollow shafts.

Stress due to torsion.

Power transmitted by shafts and coupling bolts.

Thin shells. Circumferential and longitudinal stress in thin cylindrical shel1s subjcct

to internal pressure.

Hydrostatics. Equilibrium of floating bodies. Variation of fluid pressure with depth.

Total force due to liquid pressure on immersed plane surfaces horizontal or vertica1.

Centre of pressure on a rectangular vertical plane surface or triangular plane surface,

both with one edge parallel to the surface of the liquid.

Hydraulics. FulI bore flow of liquid through pipes under constant head.

Flow

through orifice. Coefficients of velocity, contraction of area and discharge.

H eat Engines

Heat. Temperature and its measurement. Absolute temperature. Specific heat

capacity. Specific enthalpy of evaporation and fusion. Prob!ems involving changes of

phase and not more than three substances. Linear, superficial and volumetric expansion

due to temperature changes. Coefficients and the relationship between them.

Basic thermodynamic principles. Properties, energy,

the

First Law of Thermo­

dynamics, flow and non-flow processes.

Heat transfer. Qualitative treatment of heat transfer by conduction convection and

radiation. Laws of conduction and thermal conductance and applications to problems.

Gases. Boyle's and Charles' laws for perfect gases. Characteristic equation. Constant

R and its use in simple problems. Tsothermal, adiabatic and polytropic processes.

Relati o nshi p s between pressure, temperature and volume. Work done. Change in

internal energy, Specific heat c to the base p and c to the base v and the relationshir

between them.

Ideal Gas cycles. Constant volume cyc1e. Diesel cycle. Dual cyc1e. Air standard

efficiency.

Le. Engines. Eiementary principles and cyc1es of operation. Actual indicator

diagrams. Mean effective pressure. Work done, power developed, indicated and brake

thermal efficiencies, mechanica1 efficiency, overal1 efficiency. Fue1 cOl1sumption. Heat

balance.

Air compressors. Elementary principles and cyc1es of operation. Calculation of

work done. lndicator diagrams.

Properties of steam. Saturated steam, dry, wet. Dryness fraction. Superheated

steam. Internal energy. Enthalpy. Specific volume. Steam tables. Throttling. Separating

and throttling calorimeters.

Steam plant. Advantages of using steam expansively. Therma1, mechanical and

overall efficiencies of prime movers. Boiler efficiency, heat balance for engine and

boiler trials. Change in dissolved solids in boilers and evaporators due to contaminated

feed and effect of blowing down. Elementary principles of steam turbines inc1uding

simple velocity diagrams for impulse and reaction turbines. Force and work done on

blades.

Combustion. Solid and liquid fuels. Calorific value. Chemical equations for

complete combustion. Theoretical minimum air required. Excess air.

B

Refrigeration. Vapour-compression cycle. Refrigerating effect. Cooling load. Use

of tables of properties of refrigerants. Coefficient of performance.

Matħematics

Arithmetic. Ratio and proportion. Variation, direct and inverse.

Algebra. lndices, including fractional and negative types.

Use of common

logarithms for multiplication, division, powers and roots. Use of Naperian logarithms.

Simplification of aIgebraic expressions. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and

division of algebraic functions. Re-arrangement of formulae. Factorisation. Algebraic

fractions. Squares and cubes of polynomials such as (a ± b)2 and (a ± b)". Simp1e

equations. Quadratic equations and solution by factorisation, or use of general formula

for solution. Simultaneous equations.

Graphical work. The graph y=ax + b either from calculated values or from

experimental results. Calculation of constants from graphs. Graphical 801ution of simple

simultaneous equations involving two unknowns. Graph of y=(fX� + bx+c and graphical

solution of equation ax2+bx+c=0.

Trigonometry. Measurement of angles in degrees and radians. Complementary and

supp1ementary angles. Sine, cosine and tangent of angles up to 3600• Sine and cosine

rules and their application to the solution of triangles. Solution of simple trigonometric

equations. Expansion of sin (A±B) and cos (A±B). Graphs of sin 0, cos 0 an d a

sin O+b cos O.

Geometry. Properties of triangles. Theorem of Pythagoras. Sum of the angles.

Relation between exterior and interior angles. Isosceles and equilateral triangles. Similar

and congruent triangles.

The circle. Properties of chords and tangents. Angles in the same s�gment. Angles

at centre and circumference.

Mensura tion. Areas of triangle, polygon, parallelogram, trapezium, circle, sector

and segment of a circle and ellipse. Area and mean height by mid-ordinate rule and

by Simpson's rules. Ratio of areas of similar figures. Volumes and surface areas of

prisms, pyramids, frustums, spheres, cylinders and cones. Ratio of masses, and volumes

of similar solids. Solids of revolution.

Calculus. Tangent to a curve; meaning of differential coefficient. Differential

coefficient of xn, sin x, cos x, tan x, e", log to the base e x. Simple examples of the

differentia) coefficient of a product. quotient and function of a function. Application

to maximum and minimum values.

Integration as a reverse of differentiatiol1. Integrals of X", x one over x, e''', sin t1X,

cos ax, sin2 qx, cos2 ax. Definite integral as the Iimit of a sum. Areas under curves,

volumes of solids of revolution. work done, mean and rms values. centroids and second

moment of area.

Engineering Drawing

The Drawing paper will consist of a test of the ability to apply the principles of

projection and candidates wil1 be asked to draw a plan, elevation or section Of a

combination of these views of a piece of marine machinery from information supplied.

All t � e required information for the completion of the drawing will be given in the

questlOn paper.

B

Electrotecħnology

The electric circuit. Units - ampere, ohm, volt. Difference between electromotive

force and potential difference. Ohm's'Law. Kirchoff's Laws. Simple series and parallel

circuits involving e.m.f., current and resistances. Non-linear resistors in paralleI with

constant value resistors. Power and energy. Specific resistance. Temperature coefficient

of resistance. Conductor resistance, effect of length, area, material and temperature.

d.c. 2-wire distribution system. Types of insulation. Wheatstone network bridge. slide

wire bridge; applications to steering gears, resistance pyrometers, strain gauges etc.

Electrolytic action and secondary cells. Theory of electrolytic dissociation applied

to common solutions. Uses of electrolysis. Secondary cel1s( acid or alka1ine). Construc­

tion and principles. Maintenance, charging. Watt-hour and ampere-hour efficiencies.

Electromagnetism, electromagnetic induction, simple magnetic circuit. Simple

magnetic theory. Magnetic field. Lines of force. Field strength. Field intensity. Magnetic

fields due to current in straight conductors, loops, coils and solenoids. Relative directions

of current and field. Faraday's and Lenz's Laws. Magnitude and direction of induced

e.m.f. Force produced on a current carrying conductor. F1ux density. Effect of iron.

Magneto motive-force (m.m.f.). Permeability. Reluctance. Simple magnetic circuit,

typical BIH and ulB curves.

Electronics. Qualitative treatment of: Atomic structure and bonding. Semi­

conductors. Junction diodes, junction transistors and their operating characteristics.

Simple transistor circuits. Conduction in gases, insulators, semi-conductors and conduct­

ors. Photo-electric effect.

Alternating current theory.

Simple continuous periodic waves

frequency,

amplitude, instantaneous, maximum, r.m.s. and average values, form factor. Phasor

representation of a.c. quantities. Phase difference. The inductor. lnductance and its

effect on the circuit. The capacitor. Capacitance and its effect on the circuit. Simple

series and paral1el circuits. Relationship between resistance, reactance and impedance.

SimpIe treatment of power factor. Power in single phase a.c. circuit.

Instruments. Qualitative treatment of the principles and functions of a.c. and d.c.

indicating instruments and relays. Uses of shun ts and series resistances to increase the

range. Rectifiers and transducers.

Distribution systems. Systems for a.c. and d.c. shipboard installations. Protective

devices such as fuses, circuit breakers, earth lamps. Cable material and installation.

Connection of shore supply.

d.c. machines. The principles, constructional details and protection of d.c. series,

shunt and compound wound motors and generators. Self-excitation, e.m.f. and load

voltage equations. Load characteristics. Methods of voltage control. paralleling proce­

dures and load sharing for generators. Need for and types of starter, speed and torque

equations, speed control of d.c. motors.

a.c. machines. Simple explanation of the principles, constructiollal details and

protection of alterp.ators, squirrel-cage induction motors and single-phase transformers.

Paral1el running and synchronising theory.

NavaJ Arcbitecture

General. Displacement. Wetted surface. Block, mid-section, prismatic and water­

plane area coefficient. Tonne per centimetre immersion. Application of Simpson's

Rules to areas. moment of area. volumes and moment of volume.

Draught and buoyancy. Alteration of mean draught due to change in density of

water. Buoyancy and reserve buoyancy. Effect of bilging amidship compartments.

Transverse stability. Centre of gravity. Centre of buoyancy. Metacentre. Shift of

centre of gravity due to addition 01' removal of mass, transverse movement of mass,

suspended mass. Stability at smal1 angles of heel (given the second moment of area of

the waterplane or formulae). The inclining experiment.

Resistance and propulsion. Comparison of skin frictional l'esistance of huH with

model at different speeds. R to the base f = f.S.v.1l and residual resistance. Admiralty

and fuel coefficients. Relation between speed of vessel and :Euel consurnption with COil­

stant displacement and assuming that resistance varies as (speed)l1. Elementary treatmcnt

of propeller and simple problems on pitch, pitch ratia, apparent slip, real slip, wake,

thrust and power.

Structural strength. Simple problems on strength of structural members to resist

liquid pressure. Loading due to head of liquid.

Ship construction. Common terms used in the measurement of steel ships, eg length

between perpendiculars, breadth overall, rnoulded depth, draught and freeboard. Defini­

tions of shipbuilding tenns in general use. Descriptions and sketches of structural

members in ordinary types of steel ships. Watertight doors. Hatches. Rudders. Bow

thrusters. Propellers. Watertight bulkheads. Double bottoms. Anchors and cables.

Descriptive treatment of the effect of ffee surface of liquids on stability. Arrangements

for the carriage of dangerous goods in bulk.

Vel1tilation arrangements (natural and mechanicaD for pump rooms in tankers and

for holds and oil fuel tanks.

Fore and af t peak tanks, double bottom and deep tank filling and pumping arrange­

ments. Compartmental drainage. LevelIing arrangements for damaged side compart­

ments.

Engineering Knowledge

Notes

(j) The engineering knowledge to be shown by candidates is that which is

is required for the use, operation and maintenance of the machinery, equipment

and ship structure usually in the charge of the engineer officer. A knowledge of

the managerial responsibilities of a certificated engineer officer and a knowledge

of training, organisation and procedures wi1l be required.

Candidates should possess, a knowledge of International Maritime Law

embodied in international agreements and conventions as they effect the specific

obligations and responsibilities of the engine department particularly those concern­

ing safety and the protection of the marine environment, and aIso a knowledge of

Maltese Maritime Legislation inc1uding arrangements for implementing

inter-

.

national agreements and conventions.

(ii) Candidates may be required to il1ustrate their answers by rneans of free­

hand sketches.

(jii) The viva voce examination will include questions on the management

of engines and boilers, electrical machinery, prevention of fire and methods of

fighting fires at sea, the duties of the supervising engineer officer, the work to bc

done to engines, boilers and auxiliary machinery in port and the periodica I

examination of the working parts. Candidates should also be well acquainted with

machinery and boiler casualties which may occur at sea and be able to state how

these may be prevented and remedied.

(a) Properties and characteristics of metals, material, liquids.

gases and

.

vapours used in machinery on board ship.

B

(b) P ro ce s s e s to which the component parts of m a c h i ne r y are submitted

or which are i nc i d e ntal to their m an u f a ct u r e .

(c) Maintenance of machinery. Method of d e a lin g with wear and tear

of machinery, both electrical and mechanical, and boilers. A1ignm ent of

m ac hi n e r y components. Correction o f defects. T e m p o r ar y or permanent

r e p a i r s in the event of breakdown.

(d) Co nst ruc t i o n details, and where a p p 1i ca bl e the manner of attach­

ment to sh i p , princip1es involved and operation of

(l) water gauge, thermometer, salinometer, ammeter, wattmeter,

pressure gauge and other meters and g a ug e s commonly used by engi n e e r s

on board s h i p.

pumps, pu mp in g systems, oily water separators.

(2)

(3)

thrust b loc ks , s h aftin g , bearings, stern tubes, pr o p e l I e r s, ship

side fitt i n g s .

(4)

ste e r in g gear, stabilizers.

(5)

refrigeration m a c h i n e ry , deck l11achinery.

(6)

a ux il iar y boilers and steam plant.

(i)

co m p r e s s io n ignition engines, g e ar i n g, c1utches,

air com-

(7)

pres s o rs ,

auxiliary c o m p r ess i o n i gn i t io n e n g i n e s and associated p l a nt .

(iD

(e) Safe w o r kin g p r a c t ice s, o v e r hau 1ing machinery, mechanical s a f ety

in workshops, p r o tec t i ve equipl11ent, l1fting tackle, en te r ing tanks.

(J) Precautions against fire or explosion. Explosive

(f)

mixtures.

Da n g e r of oil l e a k ag e s . Sources of i g n i tio n. Safety devices.

(2) Toxic and other d ang e r o u s properties of substances used in

marine practice. Maintenance of plant associated with the carriage of danger­

ous goods.

(3) F i r e prevention, d e t e c t io n, extinctioll. Princip1c of operation,

application and maintenance of fire exti n gu is her s , r e s pi ra t o r s , safety l a m ps .

Fixed fire detection and extinguishing arra n g e m e nt s for accommodation, cargo

and mac h i ne ry sp ac es .

(g) Control systems, automation and instrumentation. Periodica1Jy un­

attended l11achinery, techniques and work practices. Bridge control.

(h) Safe and efficient operation of c Ol11 p r e s s io n i gni t io n engines. Appli-

cation of the lndicator. Interpretation of n o r m a1 c ar d .

Safe and efficient o p e r a t i on of e1ectrical l113chines an d systems.

(j)

General requirements c o n c e rn i n g fuel oil systems.

(j)

General requirements concerning lubricating oil systems.

(k)

General r e q u ir e me n t s concerning bilge, balla st fire pum p ing s y st e m s .

(I)

(m) Regulations regarding th e prevention of po l l u t i o n of t h e marine

environment. Effects of l11arine pollution on the e n v i r o n m e n t ,

FIRST ENGINEER

Apptied Mechanics

Statics. Equilibrium of non coplanar forces. Rapson's slide.

Friction. Friction c1utches. Friction on inclined plane. Friction on threads. Work

done against friction.

Kinematics. Linear and angular motion with acceleration. Cams. Velocity-time and

acceleration-time graphs.

Dynamics. Acceleration of connected bodies. Effect of simple air resistance on

motion under the effect of gravity. The torque equation. Kinetic energy of translation

and of rotation. F1ywheels. ImpuIsive forces. Governors including sleeve friction. Simple

harmonic motion. Simple pendulum. Simple vibrations. Dynamic balancing of masses

rotating in one plane. Basic dynamics of the engine mechanism.

Stress and strain. Stresses on oblique planes. Complementary shear stress. Strength

of simple connections such as cottered or screwed joints. Resilience due to direct stress.

Suddenly applied loads. Effect of direct loading and of temperature changes on com­

pound members.

Beams. Neutral axis of beams of simple section. Use of deflection formulae.

Torsion. Torsion of shaft fitted with liner. Close coiled helical spring.

Struts. Eccentric loading of short columns . Use of strut formulae.

Hydrostatics. Flotation in two liquids of different densities. Total force and centre

of pressure on immersed surfaces such as bulkheads.

Hydraulics. Bernou1li's equation and applications. Venturi meter. Force exerted

by a jet. B1ade angle diagrams for a centrifugal pump.

Control. Simple flow and control problems.

Reat Engines

Basic thermodynamic principles. Second Law of Thermodynamics and applica­

tions.

Reat transfer.

Use of log mean temperature difference. Radiation, Stefan-Boltz­

mann Law.

Gases. Avagadro's hypothesis. Universal gas constant. Dalton's law of partial

pressures and application to mixtures of gases and vapours such as the effect of air

1eakage into condensers.

Determination

of

from graph

connecting

p and V. Proof of the formula

n

c to the base p

c to the base v

R.

=

-

Gas cyc1es. Use of entropy charts. Open and c10sed cycles for gas turbines. Carnot

and reversed Carnot cyc1es.

Properties of steam. Use of steam tables to deal with changes of entropy.

B

Steam plant. Basic Rankine cyc1e. Isentropic ef fici e n cy . E nth al py drop in turbines.

Flow through nozzles exc1uding proof of critical pressure fatio. E ffe c t on thermal

efficiency of such modifications as su p erhca ti n g r ehe at i n g and regenerative f e e d heating.

,

Use of enthalpy-entropy charts to determine steam condition at various stages.

Basic calculations on evapora tor and boiler per form a nce.

Combustion. Basic analysis of exhaust gases. R ela t i o n between volumetric and

mass analysis of a gas mixture. Carbon dioxide content of exhaust g a s e s .

Electrotechnology

The electric circuit. The S up e rpo s i t i o n and Thevenin's Theorems in network prob­

lems. Circuits involving non-linear elements.

Electromagnetic induction, magnetic circuit. Mutual inductance. Energy stored in

an electric field. Treatment of voltage and current c h ar g es in an electric circuit involv­

ing inductance and resistance. Time constants, BIH and BI Ampere turns per metre

curves and their effect on s i m p l e m agn e t i c c i r cui t s i nv o lvi ng an air gap. Qualitative

treatment of hysteresis.

Electrostatics. Types of capacitor. Simple s e rie s and p ar al1 e l circuits involving

capacitors. Electric force and electric flux density, relatve permittivity, c h ar gi n g and

discharging currents of a capacitor connected in series with a resistor across a d.c.

supply. Energy stored in a capacitor. Generation of static-electricity.

Electronics. The characteristics of junction transistors. The eff ec t of voltage feed­

back on amplifier gain, input and output impedances. Equivalent circuits. Rectification.

Simple treatment of thyristors and zener diodes.

Alternating current theory for 3 pha s e systems. Current and voltage r ela t i o n s hip s .

Current. voltage, power and power factor applied to RLC circuits. The i m p e d a nc e

tr iang le . Power factor improvement. Resonance. Star and delta systems.

d.c. machines. Armature reaction. Speed control. Efficiency. Application to a Ward

Leonard system. S uitabi li ty of d.c. motors for the various types of work. Motor starters;

automatic types. Calculations on starters.

a.c. machines. The principles, constructional detai1s and protection of salient p01e,

cylindrical and brushless alternators. The e.m.f. equation and automatic vo1tage regula­

tion for an alternator.

The production of rotating magnetic fields. Relation between frequency, number of

poles and speed of a machine.

The principes, constructional details and protection of induction motors. Slip, r oto r

e.m.f. and frequency. Torque-speed curves. Wound, slip ring, cage and double wound

types. Starting methods.

The principles and constructional details of single-phase transformers. The e.m.f.

equation and efficiency. Auto-transformers and current transforn1ers.

Naval Architecture

General. Wetted surface formulae. Simpson's rules applied to second moments of

areas, volumes, centroids and centres of pressure. Shearing force and bending moment

of loaded ship in sti11 water.

B

Transverse stability. Moment of statica1 stability. GZ curves. Cross curves of

stability. Hydrostatic curves commonly supplied to ship. Effect of free liquid surface

and subdivision of tanks. Dangers due to water accumulation during fire-fighting. Prac­

tical requirements to ensure stabi1ity at sea. Management of water and fuel tanks. Filling

and emptying tanks at sea. Longitudinal stability. Longitudinal BM a nd GM and statical

stability. Centre of flotation and its ca1culation. Moment to change trim by one centi­

metre.

Draught, triin and heel. Changes due to adding 01' removing tuel, ballast 01' cargo.

Changes due to alteration in density of sea water. Changes due to bilging of compart­

ments, using the lost buoyancy and added mass methods. Forces on rudder and stress

in rudder stock. Heel when turning, including effect of centrifugal force and of force

on rudder.

Resistance and propulsion. Derivation of Admiralty and iuel coeifficients. The law

of corresponding speeds. Froude's law of comparison. Simple problems on the prediction

of full-scale resistance from model experiments. Problems on propellers invoiving the

use of wake factor, ep, dp, QPC, thrust and power. Qua1itative treatment of cavitation.

Ship construction. Forces all ship under various conditions, including the effect of

panting and pounding. Construction of all parts of steel ships. Use of high tensile steel

and aluminium. Structural fire protection arrangements. Dry docking. Design features

of ships for general and specialised trades.

Ship measurement and classification. Meaning of 'classed' and 'unclassed' ships.

Common terms used in measurement of modern steel ships. Common terms used in

tonnage measurements, eg gross tonnage, net tonnage, propelling power allowance.

Load Line. Common terms, mai'kings and main criteria used in assignment of free­

boards. Maintenance of conditions of assignment.

Life saving equipment. Operation and handling gear for lifeboats and 1iferafts.

Engineering Knowledge

Notes

(i)

The engineering knowledge to be shown b y candidates is that which is

required for the use, operation and maintenance of the machinery, equipment and

ship structure usually in the charge of the engineer officer. A knowledge of the

managerial responsibilities of 3. certificated engineer officer and a knowledge of

training, organisation and procedures wilI be required.

Candidates shouId possess a knowledge of International Maritime Law

embodied in international agreernents and conventions as they effect the specific

obligations and responsibilities of the engine department particularly those

concerning safety and the protection of the marine environment, and also a

knowledge of Maltese Maritime legislation incluc1ing arrangements for implement­

ing international agreements and conventions.

(ii)

Candidates may be required to illustrate their answers by means of free­

hand sketches.

(iii) The viva voce examination will include questions on the management

of engines and boilers, electrical machinery, prevention of fire and methods of

fighting fires at sea, the duties of the supervisingengineer, the work to be done to

engines, boilers and auxiliary machinery in port and the periodical examination

of the working parts.

fi

Candidates should also be well acquainted with machinery and boiler casual­

ties which may occur at sea and be able to state how these may be prevented and

P roperties and characteristics of metals,

materials, liqui-ds, gases

(a)

and vapours used in machinery on board ship.

Processes to which the component parts of machinery are submitted

(b)

or which are incidental to their manufacture.

Maintenance of machinery.

Method of dealing with wear a nd tear of machinery, both eJectrical

and mechanical, and boilers. Alignment of machinery components. Correction

of defects . Temporary or pennanent repairs in the even t of breakdown.

Cons.tructional

(d)

Principles involved with oper a tion of

pumps, pumping systems, oily water separators.

(1)

thrust b lo c k s

sh a fting bearings

stern tubes, propellers, ship side

(2)

,

,

,

steering gears, sta bilizers.

refrigeration machines, deck machinery

(4)

.

auxiliary boilers and associated steam pJant.

(5)

c om p r e ss i o n

ignition

(6)

(i)

cJutches,

air

com­

engines,

gearing

,

pressors.

auxiliary compression igni tion engines and associated equip­

(ii)

ment.

turbo-electric, diesel elec(ric, gas turbine drives.

(7)

Safe working practices, overhau J ing machinery, mechanical safety

(e)

in workshops, protective equipment, lifting tackle, entering tanks.

(l) P recautions against fire or explosion. Explosive mixtures

(f)

.

Danger of oil leakagcs. Sonrces of ignition. Safety devices.

(2) Toxic and other dangerous properties of sllbstances used in

marine pract ice Maintenance of planl associated with the carriage of

.

dangerous goods.

(3) Fire prevention, detection, extinction. Principle of operation,

application and maintenance of fire extinguis hers respirators, safety

,

lamps. Fixed fire detection and extingllishing arrangements for accom­

modation, cargo and machinery spaces.

Control systems, automation and instrurnentation. Periodically

(g)

unattended mach i nery techniques and work practices. Bridge control.

,

(h) Safe and efficient operation of compression ignition engines. The

determination of shaft power and recognition of irregularity in the perform

­

ance of the machinery and plant.

Analysis and interpretation of information gained from monitoring

equipment.

Safe and efficient operation of electrical machines and systems.

(j)

General requirements concerning fuel oil systems.

(j)

General requirements concerning lubricating oil systems.

(k)

(l) Knowledge of the appropriate statutes of concern to marine

engineer officers. The administrative duties of a Chief Engineer, i.e. the orga�

nisation and training of staff for both norma1 and emergency duties inc1uding

the use of safety equipment, and the organisation of repairs and surveys and

associated reports.

(m) Regulations regarding the prevention of pollution of the marine

environment. Effects of marine pollution on the environment.

----------�----

Kastilja

Ippubblikat mit-Taqsima tat-Tagħrif - Kastilja

Published by the Information D.ivision

-

-

Mitbugħ fl-Istamperiia tal-Gvern

Prinled at the

Government Printing Press

-

-

(1) A certifica te of competency issued under these regllla tions

shall be valid ror five years subject to be renewed after the lapse of the

first or any subsequent period of five years.

(2) Subjeet to the provisions of this regulalioll, the Registrar­

General sha II renew a eertificate of competeney issued under these

regulations on <l.ppJication and on payment of the presci'ibed fee,

unless -

(a)

the said certificate has beC'o cance!led by order of any of

the Courts of Malta, or

(b) at the time of application fo!' rencwal, the saicl certificate

has been suspended by order of any such court.

(3) The Registrar-General, before rcnewing u certifieate of

competency iswed under these rcgulations, may, in order to ascertain

that the h01der of the c�rtificate is still capable of adequately discharg­

ing the duties pertaining to his grade, reqc!ire the holder of the certifi­

cate to take sueh tests 01' cxaminations as are 31 the time appropriate

to his grade.

Where the holder of a certificate of competeney of a particular

cJass issued under these regulations is issued with sueh a certifieate of

a higher class, he shall su;render the first-mentioned certificate to the

Registrar-Genera 1 or to sueh person as the Registrar-General directs,

for canceliation.

(l) If a cel'tificate of competency issued under these regula­

tions is lost or destroyed, the holder thereof shcdl, as soon as practicable.

notify the Registrar-General who shall, if satisfied that it has been so

lost or destroyed, issue a copy of the ccrtificate of competency (so

marked) against payment of the prescribed fee, and such certifieate

shall have the same effect as the eertific"te of compelency originally

issued.

(2) Any certifica te notified us a foresaid as los t or destroyed,

shall, if subsequelitly recovered, be delivered forthwith to the Registrar­

General.

'1.

The provisions of sections 98 of the Act shall app1y in rela tion

to certificates

of competeney issued under these regulations.

The provisions of these regulatiol1s applicable to certificates of

competency issued under these reguJations shall a!so <l:pply t? certificates

of competeney as First Engineer and Second Engmeer lssued under

section 94 of the Act.

B

A candidate who shews igne r ance ef topics which are vital to an Engineer

Officer's duties and are such that if neglected ceuld lead te acts er emmissions whereby

life and/Of ship is endangered, wilI net be accepted fer re-examinatien unti1 he has

perfermed a further peried ef twe]ve menths sea service.

A candidate who, during three attempts at the Engineering Knowledge

examination shews ne improvement in his eng i n e e r i ng knowledge wi1l net be accepted

for re-examinatien until he has performed a .further period of twelve menths sea service.

Breach of Examination Rules

Candidates vielating any ef the examination rules wi11 be censidered te have

failed and will net be accepted for re-examinatien fer such a peried as may be decided

by the Registrar-General

Examination Structure

The examinatien fer a certificate of cempetency as Secend Engineer 18

divided into twe. parts as fellews

Part A

Applied Mechanics (ene p a pe r ef 3 heurs)

Heat Engines (one paper ef 3 heurs)

Mathematics (ene paper ef 3 heurs)

Engineering Drawing (ene paper ef 4 heurs)

Part B

(I)

Electrotechnelegy (ene paper of 3 heurs)

Naval Architecture (ene paper o f 3 heurs)

Engineering Knowledge (2 papers each of 3 he ur s )

(11)

Viva Vece examination

The examination for a certificate ef cempetency as First Engineer is divided

into two parts as fellows

Part A

Applied Mechanics (ene paper ef 3 heurs)

Heat En,gines (ene paper ef 3 heurs)

Part B

Electrotechnelegy (ene paper ef 3 heurs)

(I)

Naval Architecture (ene paper of 3 heurs)

Engineering Knewledge (2 p ape r s each of 3 heurs)

(11)

Viva Vece examination

The syllabuses fer the examinatiens in the subjects specified in paragraphs

12 and 1 3 of this Schedule are set eut in the Fourth Schedule te these regulatiens.

Candidates wi1l be expected to ebtain a minimum number ef marks in each

subject in the written examinatien and net less than ene-half ef the tetal number of

marks to secure a pass. In the viva vece examinatien a semewhat higher standard will

be required.

The examiners shall be appointed from ameng helders of certificates ef

competency in a grade net be10w that of a First Engineer.

B