Règlement grand-ducal du 29 avril 2002 relatif aux conditions d’aptitude requises pour le personnel habilité à prononcer l’approbation pour la remise en service des aéronefs (APRS) en transport aérien commercial (JAR-66).

30 août 2002

Règlement grand-ducal du 29 avril 2002 relatif aux conditions d’aptitude requises pour le personnel

habilité à prononcer l’approbation pour la remise en service des aéronefs (APRS) en transport

aérien commercial (JAR-66).

Nous Henri, Grand-Duc de Luxembourg, Duc de Nassau,

Vu la loi modifiée du 31 janvier 1948 relative à la réglementation de la navigation aérienne;

Vu la loi du 25 mars 1948 relative à l’adhésion du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg à la Convention relative à l’Aviation

Civile Internationale et à l’Accord relatif au Transit des Services Aériens Internationaux, établis le 7 décembre 1944

par la Conférence Internationale de l’Aviation Civile réunie à Chicago ;

Vu le règlement N° 3922/91 (CEE) du Conseil du 16 décembre 1991 relatif à l’harmonisation des règles techniques

et de procédures administratives dans le domaine de l’aviation civile et notamment le code JAR-145 élaboré par les

Autorités conjointes de l’Aviation (JAA : Joint Aviation Authorities) relatif aux organisations d’entretien approuvées ;

Vu la loi du 19 mai 1999 ayant pour objet

a) de réglementer l’accès au marché de l’assistance en escale à l’aéroport de Luxembourg,

b) de créer un cadre réglementaire dans le domaine de la sûreté de l’aviation civile, et

c) d’instituer une Direction de l’Aviation Civile ;

Vu le règlement grand-ducal du 23 mars 1998 concernant les conditions techniques d’exploitation des aéronefs en

transport aérien commercial et notamment le code JAR-OPS 1 introduit en droit national par ledit règlement ;

Vu les avis de la Chambre de Commerce, de la Chambre des Employés Privés, de la Chambre des Métiers et de la

Chambre de Travail ;

Vu l’article 2 (1) de la loi du 12 juillet 1996 portant réforme du Conseil d’Etat et considérant qu’il y a urgence;

Sur le rapport de Notre Ministre des Transports, de Notre Ministre de l’Éducation Nationale, de la Formation

Professionnelle et des Sports ainsi que de Notre Ministre du Trésor et du Budget, Ministre de la Justice et après

délibération du Gouvernement en Conseil;

Arrêtons

- Champ d’application du présent règlement

L’organisation d’entretien agréée, autorisée à prononcer la qualification d’aptitude à la remise en service d’un

aéronef (APRS) en vue du transport aérien commercial en conformité avec le code JAR-145 doit désigner le personnel

habilité à délivrer cette qualification d’aptitude.

Ce personnel est désigné parmi les titulaires d’une licence de personnel d’entretien d’aéronef dite « licence AML »

(Aircraft Maintenance Licence). Les conditions d’aptitude pour obtenir ladite licence AML sont celles du code JAR-66

qui est reproduit en annexe 1 du présent règlement et qui en fait partie intégrante.

L’obligation définie à l’alinéa premier du présent article vaut uniquement en relation avec la remise en service d’aéronefs

d’une masse maximale au décollage supérieure à 5.700 kg exploités en transport aérien commercial, à l’exclusion de tout

autres aéronefs et éléments d’aéronefs, y compris hélices, moteurs ou groupes auxiliaires de puissance.

- Catégories d’habilitation et privilèges associés

Les personnes autorisées à prononcer l’aptitude à la remise en service (APRS) doivent être titulaires d’une licence

AML attestant la réussite à l’examen portant sur les connaissances définies à l’article 3 du présent règlement

conformément aux codes JAR-66 et JAR-145.

L’habilitation pour prononcer l’APRS est accordée dans les limites des quatre catégories définies ci-dessous et liées

à un ou plusieurs types d’aéronefs ou à une ou plusieurs tâches d’entretien

- Catégorie A: mécanicien habilité, pour les tâches d’entretien en ligne qualifiées mineures et des rectifications de

défauts simples ;

- Catégorie B1: technicien en mécanique habilité, pour les opérations d’entretien en ligne sur la cellule de l’aéronef,

les groupes motopropulseurs et les systèmes mécaniques et électriques ;

- Catégorie B2: technicien en avionique habilité, pour les opérations d’entretien en ligne sur des systèmes avioniques

et électriques ;

- Catégorie C: personnel habilité pour les visites d’entretien « Base maintenance »

- Conditions d’aptitude pour l’obtention de la licence AML.

- Exigences préalables

Le candidat doit avoir atteint l’âge minimum de 21 ans pour présenter sa demande d’obtention d’une licence AML.

Cette demande est à introduire auprès de l’autorité de délivrance et de gestion telle que définie à l’article 4 ci-après.

Le candidat doit être capable de lire, écrire et pouvoir s’exprimer à un degré suffisant dans les langues où sont

notamment exprimées la documentation technique et les procédures de l’organisation.

- Exigences en matière des connaissances de base

Les personnels candidats à la licence AML doivent démontrer, en passant un examen, le niveau de connaissances de

base requis pour chaque catégorie énumérée à l’article 2 ci-avant.

Le niveau de connaissances pour les catégories respectives est fixé dans le programme de formation qui figure en

Annexe 2 faisant partie intégrante du présent règlement.

Un personnel de catégorie C doit atteindre le niveau de connaissances applicable aux catégories B1 et B2.

- Examen de qualification à la formation de base

A défaut d’existence au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg d’un organisme de formation qualifié JAR-147, la Direction

de l’Aviation Civile est chargée de la réception des examens pour les personnels candidats à la licence AML ou aux

compléments de licence AML selon des modalités à déterminer sur avis du Ministre ayant l’éducation nationale et la

formation professionnelle dans ses attributions.

La réussite à l’examen est sanctionnée par une attestation délivrée par la Direction de l’Aviation Civile.

Les questions issues d’une base de données internationale de référence (JAA) sont libellées en anglais.

- Formation aux types d’aéronefs ou tâches

Les conditions de formation relatives aux types d’aéronefs ou tâches sont définies dans le paragraphe 66.45 du code JAR-66.

- Exigences en matière de durée d’expérience

Les personnels candidats à la licence AML doivent répondre à des exigences d’expérience minimale en entretien d’aéronefs

civils adaptées à la catégorie de licence demandée. Ces conditions sont définies au paragraphe 66.30 du code JAR-66.

- Aptitude médicale

Les personnels candidats à la licence AML ne doivent pas exercer les privilèges résultant de leur habilitation s’ils

savent, ou suspectent, que leur condition physique ou mentale les rend inaptes à l’exercice de ces privilèges.

- Délivrance, gestion et coûts des licences AML.

Le Directeur de l’Aviation Civile est l’autorité qui délivre les licences AML.

La Direction de l’Aviation Civile est chargée de la gestion des licences AML des personnels employés par une

organisation agréée conformément au code JAR-145 et installée au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. La gestion ne porte

que sur les seules licences délivrées au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg.

La licence AML a une durée de validité de cinq ans ; elle est renouvelable à la demande du titulaire à introduire

auprès du Directeur de l’Aviation Civile dans un délai approprié avant l’échéance de validité. A défaut, le titulaire perd

sa qualification APRS.

Le titulaire est tenu d’informer la Directeur de l’Aviation Civile de tout changement concernant les mentions de la

licence pendant la durée de validité de celle-ci. Toute mise à jour des mentions de la licence donne lieu au

renouvellement de la validité de la licence pour une durée nouvelle de cinq ans.

Les taxes suivantes non-remboursables sont perçues au profit du Trésor lors de la présentation d’une

a) demande en obtention d’une licence AML : 125 euros,

b) demande en obtention d’un duplicata d’une licence AML : 50 euros,

c) demande en modification d’une mention de la licence AML : 50 euros.

La preuve du paiement des taxes est à présenter ensemble avec les demandes énumérées ci-dessus.

- Exceptions

Dans des cas dûment motivés, le Ministre ayant les transports dans ses attributions, ci-après dénommé le Ministre,

peut exceptionnellement, pour des cas dûment justifiés, accorder des dérogations à caractère temporaire aux

dispositions du code JAR-66, notamment pour prévenir des cas de rigueur et, sous réserve du respect de toute

condition jugée nécessaire, pour assurer un niveau de compétence jugé suffisant.

- Vérifications et surveillance

Le Ministre peut, en cas de besoin, avoir recours à des organismes spécialisés pour faire procéder aux vérifications

et à la surveillance qu’il juge nécessaires pour l’application du présent règlement.

- Révocation, suspension et limitations

Les conditions dans lesquelles une licence AML est susceptible d’être annulée, suspendue ou limitée dans ses effets

sont celles définies au paragraphe 66.65 du code JAR-66.

- Dispositions transitoires

Conformément au code JAR-66 les personnels habilités à délivrer une APRS des aéronefs en transport aérien

commercial de masse maximale au décollage supérieure à 5.700 kg avant le 1er juin 2001, conservent leur habilitation

pour autant que la catégorie d’habilitation reste inchangée.

Les personnels qui ont commencé leur formation en vue d’obtenir une qualification les habilitant à délivrer une APRS

avant le 1er juin 2001 peuvent continuer leur formation sur la base du programme préalablement en vigueur à

l’introduction du code JAR-66.

- Exécution du règlement

Notre Ministre des Transports, Notre Ministre de l’Éducation Nationale, de la Formation Professionnelle et des

Sports, Notre Ministre du Trésor et du Budget, Ministre de la Justice sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de

l’exécution du présent règlement qui sera publié au Mémorial.

Le Ministre des Transports,

Palais de Luxembourg, le 29 avril 2002.

Henri Grethen

Henri

Le Ministre de l’Education Nationale, de la Formation

Professionnelle et des Sports,

Anne Brasseur

Le Ministre du Trésor et du Budget,

Ministre de la Justice,

Luc Frieden

SECTION 1

JAR–66

1–1

03.04.98

JAR 66.1

General

(See AMC 66.1)

(a)

JAR–145

requires

appropriately

authorised certifying staff to issue a certificate

of release to service on behalf of the JAR–145

approved

maintenance

organisation

when

satisfied that all required maintenance has been

completed.

(b)

Except

where

stated

otherwise

in

paragraphs (c), (d), (e)and (f), certifying staff

responsible for issuing the certificate of release

to service must be qualified in accordance with

the appropriate requirements of this JAR–66.

(c)

This JAR–66 is limited to those

certifying staff responsible for issuing the

certificate of release to service for aeroplanes

and helicopters with a maximum take off mass of

5700 kg and above.

Note: The application of JAR 66 to aeroplanes and

helicopters with a maximum take off mass below

5700 kg, airships and aircraft components will be

considered in a future issue. Aircraft components

include engines, auxiliary power units and propellers.

(d)

Personnel

authorised

to

exercise

certification privileges in accordance with

National aviation regulations valid before the

effective date of JAR–66, may continue to

exercise these privileges.

(e)

Personnel undergoing a course of

approved

basic

or

type

training

at

the

JAR–66.3(b) compliance date in accordance

with National aviation regulations valid before

the effective date of JAR–66, may continue to be

qualified in accordance with these National

aviation regulations. The qualifications gained

following such training will be recognised for

the purposes of certification privileges in

accordance with JAR–66.1(d).

(f)

Certifying staff qualified in accordance

with paragraph (d) or (e) may continue to

exercise the authorisation except in the case of

adding other basic categories / sub-categories of

qualification to that authorisation when the

appropriate additional requirements of JAR–66

will apply to such extension. Certifying staff

qualified in accordance with paragraph (d) or (e)

may extend the scope of their authorisation to

include new aircraft types subject to compliance

with National aviation regulations valid before

the effective date of JAR–66.

(g)

Notwithstanding that paragraph (d), (e)

and (f) personnel may continue to exercise such

privileges, such personnel must be issued a

JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence based upon

the

National

qualification

without

further

examination but within the time limits of JAR

66.3 (d). The JAR–66 aircraft maintenance

licence may contain technical limitations in

relation to JAR–66 where not appropriately

qualified but does not change any existing

certification privileges. Technical limitations

will be deleted, as appropriate, when the person

satisfactorily

sits

the

relevant

conversion

examination.

JAR 66.3

Effectivity

(a)

This JAR–66 was first issued on

03 April 1998 and becomes effective on 01 June

1998.

(b)

After 01 June 2001 any person required

to be approved in accordance with JAR–66.1(b)

or (f) must be in compliance with this JAR–66.

(c)

A JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence

may be issued by the JAA full member Authority

during the sub-paragraph (b) transition period.

(d)

Any person required by JAR–66.1 (g) to

convert a National qualification to a JAR–66

aircraft maintenance licence must do so not later

than 10 years after the end of the transition

period of sub-paragraph (b).

JAR 66.5 Definitions

For the purpose of this JAR–66, the following

definitions shall apply

‘Aircraft maintenance licence’ means a

document issued as evidence of qualification

confirming that the person to whom it refers has

met the JAR–66 knowledge and experience

requirements for any aircraft basic category and

aircraft type rating specified in the document.

Note: The aircraft maintenance licence alone does

not permit the holder to issue certificates of release to

service in respect of aircraft used for commercial air

transport. To issue a certificate of release to service

for such aircraft, the aircraft maintenance licence

holder must in addition hold a JAR–145 certification

authorisation issued by the JAR–145 approved

maintenance organisation.

‘Certification’ means the issuance of a

certificate of release to service.

JAR 66.1(g) (continued)

ANNEXE I

Joint Aviation Authorities – Joint Aviation Requirements – JAR - 66 – Certifying Staff Maintenance

JAR–66

SECTION 1

03.04.98

1–2

‘JAA full member Authority’ means an

Authority who is a full member of the JAA

which means that any approval certificate or

licence issued in accordance with the JAR’s by

such an Authority will be recognised and

accepted by all other such Authorities.

Note: The JAA full member States are listed in

Section 2 Appendix 3. See also paragraph 10 of the

Foreword.

‘Organisation

procedures’

means

the

procedures applied by the JAR–145 approved

maintenance organisation in accordance with the

maintenance organisation exposition within the

scope of the approval.

JAR 66.10 Applicability

(a)

This

JAR–66

prescribes

the

requirements for the qualification of those

personnel authorised by a JAR–145 approved

maintenance organisation to issue certificates of

release

to

service

in

accordance

with

JAR–145.50.

Such personnel are required to hold a valid

type rated JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence,

which attests to their knowledge and experience

and a valid JAR–145 certification authorisation

which grants certification privileges to the

individual.

(b)

For the JAR–66 aircraft maintenance

licence compliance is required with JAR–66.15,

JAR–66.25 and JAR–66.30 for the appropriate

JAR–66.20 basic category or categories.

The JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence

will be endorsed with the relevant JAR–66.20

basic

category

/

categories

and

where

appropriate any aircraft type ratings granted

under JAR–66.45.

Note: The JAR–66 aircraft maintence licence can be

issued without any aircraft type ratings, but it should

be remembered that an aircraft type rating is one of

the prerequisites for a JAR–145 certification

authorisation.

(c)

For

the

JAR–145

certification

authorisation

compliance

is

required

with

paragraph (b), JAR–66.40, JAR–66.45, JAR–

66.50 and JAR–66.55.

Note: JAR–145 contains additional requirements to

qualify for JAR–145 certification authorisation

JAR 66.13 Application and Issue

(a)

An application for a JAR 66.10 (b)

aircraft maintenance licence or amendment to

such licence must be made on a form and in a

manner prescribed by the JAA full member

Authority and submitted to such Authority.

Note: Appendix 2 of Section 2 contains an example

application form.

(b) An applicant who meets the appropriate

requirements of JAR–66.10(b) and has paid any

charges prescribed by the JAA full member

Authority is entitled to the JAR–66 aircraft

maintenance licence.

(c) The JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence

is issued by the JAA full member Authority but

the process of preparing such licence for issue

may be delegated to appropriately approved

JAR–145 maintenance organisations.

Note: The issue of the JAR–145 certification

authorisation is carried out by the JAR–145 approved

maintenance

organisation

after

establishing

compliance with appropriate paragraphs of JAR–66

and JAR–145.

JAR 66.15 Eligibility

(See IEM 66.15)

(a)

Certifying staff must not be less than

21 years of age.

(b)

Certifying staff must be able to read,

write and communicate to an understandable

level in the language(s) in which the technical

documentation

and

organisation

procedures

necessary to support the issue of the certificate

of release to service are written.

JAR 66.20 Categories

and

certification

privileges

(See AMC 66.20)

(a)

Certifications are made in accordance

with the procedures of the JAR–145 approved

maintenance organisation and within the scope

of the authorisation.

(b)

Certifying staff qualified in accordance

with this JAR–66, and holding a valid aircraft

maintenance licence with where applicable the

appropriate type ratings, will be eligible to hold

JAR 66.5 (continued)

SECTION 1

JAR–66

1–3

03.04.98

a JAR–145 certification authorisation in one or

more of the following categories

(1)

A category A certifying staff

authorisation permits the holder to issue

certificates of release to service following

minor scheduled line maintenance and simple

defect rectification, as specified in JAR–145,

within

the

limits

of

tasks

specifically

endorsed

on

the

authorisation.

The

certification privileges are restricted to work

that the authorisation holder has personally

performed. Category A is sub-divided into

sub-categories relative to combinations of

aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston

engines.

Note: Category B1 certifying staff authorisation

automatically

permits

certification

in

the

appropriate A sub-categories. Category B2

certifying staff can qualify for any A sub-

category as can any avionic mechanic subject to

compliance with the appropriate A sub-category

requirements.

(2)

A category B1 certifying staff

authorisation permits the holder to issue

certificates of release to service following

line maintenance, including aircraft structure,

powerplants and mechanical and electrical

systems.

Replacement

of

avionic

line

replaceable units, requiring simple tests to

prove their serviceability, is also included in

the privileges. Category B1 is sub-divided

into sub-categories relative to combinations

of aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston

engines.

(3)

A category B2 certifying staff

authorisation permits the holder to issue

certificates of release to service following

line maintenance on avionic and electrical

systems.

(4)

A category C certifying staff

authorisation permits the holder to issue

certificates of release to service following

base maintenance. The authorisation is valid

for the aircraft in its entirety, including all

systems.

Note: JAR–145 specifies the personnel required to

support category C certifying staff in base

maintenance, including in particular the requirement

for qualified category B1 and B2 staff.

JAR 66.25 Basic knowledge requirements

(See AMC 66.25 and IEM 66.25))

(a)

Certifying staff must demonstrate by

examination a level of knowledge acceptable to

the JAA full member Authority, in subject

modules appropriate to the JAR–66.20 category

for which a JAR–66 aircraft maintenance

licence is issued or extended.

(b)

The levels of knowledge are directly

related to the complexity of certifications

appropriate to the particular JAR–66.20 category

which means that category A must demonstrate a

limited but adequate level of knowledge,

whereas category B1 and B2 must demonstrate a

complete level of knowledge in the appropriate

subject modules. Category C certifying staff

must meet the relevant level of knowledge for

B1 or B2.

Note: JAR–66 Section 2 Appendix 1 contains

detailed information on category A, B1 and B2 levels

of knowledge.

(c)

Full or partial credit against the basic

knowledge

requirements

and

associated

examination will be given for any other technical

qualification considered by the JAA full member

Authority to be equivalent to the JAR–66

knowledge standard.

JAR 66.30 Experience requirements

(See AMC 66.30)

(a)

Certifying staff must meet a minimum

civil

aircraft

maintenance

experience

requirement appropriate to the JAR–66 aircraft

maintenance licence sought, which will be

reduced by the JAA full member Authority when

satisfied that either JAR–147 approved training

or other appropriate technical training has been

received. For category A and B1 or B2 the

experience must be practical which means being

involved with a representative cross section of

maintenance tasks on aircraft.

(b)

The minimum civil aircraft maintenance

experience

before

possible

paragraph

(a)

reductions means, for category A three years

and for category B1 or B2 five years.

(c)

The minimum civil aircraft maintenance

experience for category C is three years

qualified as a B1 or B2 certifying staff in line

maintenance, or, in base maintenance supporting

the category C certifying staff, or, a combination

of both. Alternatively, the minimum civil aircraft

JAR 66.20(b) (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 1

03.04.98

1–4

experience for category C certifying staff

qualified by holding an academic degree in a

technical discipline from a university or other

higher educational institute accepted by the JAA

full member Authority is three years on a

representative

selection

of

tasks

directly

associated with aircraft maintenance including

six months of observation of base maintenance

tasks.

(d)

For all certifying staff, at least 1 year of

the

required

experience

must

be

recent

maintenance experience on aircraft typical of the

category/sub-category for which the JAR–66

aircraft maintenance licence is sought.

(e)

Aircraft maintenance experience gained

outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment

will be accepted by the JAA full member

Authority when satisfied that such maintenance

is equivalent to that required by JAR–66 but

additional

experience

of

civil

aircraft

maintenance

will

be

required

to

ensure

understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance

environment.

JAR 66.40 Continuity

of

the

aircraft

maintenance licence

(See AMC and IEM 66.40)

The JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence

holder

must

ensure

that

the

information

contained in the licence is the same as recorded

in the licence copy held by the original issuing

JAA full member Authority by submitting the

said licence to that JAA full member Authority

for review no later than 5 years after the last

issue

or

amendment

of

the

licence

as

appropriate. Failure to carry out this action

would invalidate any JAR–145 certification

authorisation issued on the basis of such JAR–66

aircraft maintenance licence and may require

recent aircraft maintenance experience and / or

the resit of some examinations before re-issue of

the licence. The JAA full member Authority will

decide for each particular case.

JAR 66.45 Type/task training and ratings

(See AMC and IEM 66.45)

(a)

Category A certifying staff are required

to

hold

an

appropriate

JAR–66

aircraft

maintenance licence prior to the grant of a JAR–

145 certification authorisation on a specific

aircraft

type.

JAR–145

certification

authorisations may only be granted following the

satisfactory completion of the relevant category

A aircraft task training carried out by an

appropriately approved JAR–145 or JAR–147

organisation.

(b)

Category B1 and B2 certifying staff are

required to hold an appropriate aircraft type

rated JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence prior

to the grant of a JAR–145 certification

authorisation on a specific aircraft type. Ratings

will

be

granted

following

satisfactory

completion of the relevant category B1 or B2

aircraft type training approved by the JAA full

member Authority or by an appropriately

approved

JAR–147

maintenance

training

organisation.

(c)

Category C certifying staff are required

to hold an appropriate aircraft type rated JAR–

66 aircraft maintenance licence prior to the grant

of a JAR–145 certification authorisation on a

specific aircraft type. Ratings will be granted

following satisfactory completion of the relevant

category C aircraft type training approved by the

JAA

full

member

Authority

or

by

an

appropriately approved JAR–147 maintenance

training organisation except in the case of a

category C person qualified by holding an

academic degree as specified in JAR–66.30 (c),

where the first relevant aircraft type training

must be at the category B1 or B2 level.

(d)

Completion of approved aircraft task or

type training, as required by sub-paragraphs (a)

to

(c)

above,

must

be

satisfactorily

demonstrated by an examination.

JAR 66.50 Medical fitness

(See AMC 66.50)

Certifying

staff

must

not

exercise

the

privileges of their certification authorisation if

they know or suspect that their physical or

mental condition renders them unfit to exercise

such privileges.

JAR 66.55 Evidence of qualification

(See IEM 66.55)

Certifying staff qualified in accordance with

this JAR–66 will be issued with an aircraft

maintenance licence by the JAA full member

Authority

as

evidence

of

one

of

the

JAR 66.30(c) (continued)

JAR 66.45(a) (continued)

SECTION 1

JAR–66

1–5

03.04.98

qualifications necessary for the grant of a JAR–

145 certification authorisation. Certifying staff

must be able to produce their licence if

requested by an authorised person within a

reasonable time.

JAR 66.60 Equivalent safety cases

(See AMC 66.60)

The JAA full member Authority may exempt

any person, required to be qualified in

accordance with JAR–66, from any requirement

in JAR–66 when satisfied that a situation exists

not covered by JAR–66 and

subject

to

compliance with any supplementary condition(s)

the JAA full member Authority considers

necessary to ensure equivalent safety. Such

exemption and supplementary condition(s) must

be agreed by the JAA full member Authorities to

ensure continued recognition of the person.

JAR 66.65 Revocation,

suspension

or

limitation of the JAR–66 aircraft

maintenance licence

(See IEM 66.65)

(a)

The JAA full member Authority may, on

reasonable grounds after due enquiry, revoke,

suspend

or

limit

the

JAR–66

aircraft

maintenance licence or direct the JAR–145

approved maintenance organisation to revoke,

suspend or limit the JAR–145 certification

authorisation if the JAA full member Authority

is not satisfied that the holder of the licence and

authorisation is a fit and proper person to hold

such licence and authorisation subject to the

conditions of paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) as

appropriate.

(1)

Before revoking or limiting the

JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence or

directing the JAR–145 approved maintenance

organisation the JAA full member Authority

must first give at least 28 days notice to the

affected party or parties in writing of its

intention so to do and of the reasons for its

proposal and must offer the affected party or

parties an opportunity to make representations

and the JAA full member Authority will

consider those representations.

(2)

In the case where the JAA full

member Authority has determined that the

safe operation of the aircraft is adversely

affected the JAA full member Authority may

in

addition

to

sub-paragraph

(a)(1)

provisionally suspend the JAR–66 aircraft

maintenance licence without prior notice until

the

sub-paragraph

(a)(1)

procedure

is

complete.

(b)

For the JAA full member Authority to

consider a person to be not a fit and proper

person means that there is clear evidence that

the person has knowingly carried out or been

involved in one or more of the following

activities;

(1)

Obtained the JAR–66 aircraft

maintenance licence and/or the JAR–145

certification authorisation by falsification of

submitted evidence.

(2)

Failed to carry out requested

maintenance combined with failure to to

report such fact to the organisation that

requested the maintenance.

(3)

Failed

to

carry

out

required

maintenance resulting from own inspection

combined with failure to report such fact to

the organisation for whom the maintenance

was intended to be carried out.

(4)

Negligent maintenance.

(5)

Falsification of the maintenance

record.

(6)

The issue of a certificate of

release

to

service

knowing

that

the

maintenance specified on the certificate of

release to service has not been carried out or

without verifying that such maintenance has

been carried out.

(7)

Carrying

out

maintenance

or

issuing a certificate of release to service when

adversely affected by alcohol or drugs.

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

JAR 66.55 (continued)

JAR 66.65(a)(2) (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–1

03.04.98

APPENDIX 1

AMC 66.25 Basic Knowledge – Introduction

KNOWLEDGE LEVELS – CATEGORY A, B1, B2 AND C CERTIFYING STAFF

Basic knowledge for category A, B1 and B2 certifying staff are indicated by the allocation of

knowledge levels indicators (1, 2 or 3) against each applicable subject area in this

Appendix 1. Category C certifying staff with a mechanical background should meet the

category B1 basic knowledge levels. Category C certifying staff with a avionic background

should meet the category B2 basic knowledge levels

The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows

LEVEL 1

A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject.

Objectives

The student should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.

The student should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject,

using common words and examples.

The student should be able to use typical terms.

LEVEL 2

A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the

subject.

An ability to apply that knowledge.

Objectives

The student should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the

subject.

The student should be able to give a general description of the subject using,

as appropriate, typical examples.

The student should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with

physical laws describing the subject.

The student should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and

schematics describing the subject.

The student should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using

detailed procedures.

LEVEL 3

A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the

subject.

A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a

logical and comprehensive manner.

Objectives

The student should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with

other subjects.

The student should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using

theoretical fundamentals and specific examples.

The student should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae

related to the subject.

The student should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple

drawings and schematics describing the subject.

ANNEXE 2

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–2

The student should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using

manufacturer's instructions.

The student should be able to interpret results from various sources and

measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate.

Note: The Administrative & Guidance Material, Section Two - Maintenance Part Two – Procedures, Chapter 23

contains an explanation of the basic knowledge objective relative to each subject.

2.

MODULARISATION

Qualification on basic subjects for each JAR–66 aircraft maintenance licence category or

sub-category should be in accordance with the following matrix. Applicable subjects are

indicated by an ‘X’

SUBJECT

MODULES

A or B1 AEROPLANE

WITH

A or B1 HELICOPTER

WITH

B2

RESERVED

TURBINE

ENGINE(S)

PISTON

ENGINE(S)

TURBINE

ENGINE(S)

PISTON

ENGINE(S)

AVIONICS

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

TO

X

X

X

X

X

BE

X

X

X

X

X

DEVE-

X

X

X

X

X

LOPED

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Reserved

Introduction (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–3

03.04.98

APPENDIX

AMC 66.25 Basic Knowledge Levels

SUBJECT MODULES

1.

Mathematics

2.

Physics

3.

Electrical Fundamentals

4.

Electronic Fundamentals

5.

Digital Techniques / Electronic Instrument Systems

6.

Materials and Hardware

7.

Maintenance Practices

8.

Basic Aerodynamics

9.

Human Factors

10.

Aviation Legislation

11.

Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

12.

Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

13.

Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems

14.

Propulsion

15.

Gas Turbine Engine

16.

Piston Engine

17.

Propeller

18.

Reserved

Note 1: The subject modules may be sub-divided into sub-modules for the purpose of training and/or examination.

Note 2: The levels specified in this Appendix will be subjected to regular review in the light of experience.

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–4

MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS

Level

B1

B2

1.1

Arithmetic

Arithmetical terms and signs, methods of multiplication and

division, fractions and decimals, factors and multiples, weights,

measures and conversion factors, ratio and proportion, averages

and percentages, areas and volumes, squares, cubes, square and

cube roots.

1.2

Algebra

a)

Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic

fractions;

b)

Linear equations and their solutions;

Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices;

Binary and other applicable numbering systems;

Simultaneous equations and second degree equations with one

unknown;

logarithms;

1.3

Geometry

a)

Simple geometrical constructions;

b)

Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs, graphs of

equations/functions;

c)

Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables

and rectangular and polar co-ordinates.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–5

03.04.98

MODULE 2. PHYSICS

Students should become conversant with Metric, Imperial (British) and US units and measurements.

Level

B1

B2

2.1

Matter

Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms,

molecules;

Chemical compounds.

States: solid, liquid and gaseous;

Changes between states.

2.2

Mechanics

2.2.1

Statics

Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;

Centre of gravity.

Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension,

compression, shear and torsion;

Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;

Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).

2.2.2

Kinetics

Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under

constant acceleration (motion under gravity);

Rotational

movement

uniform

circular

motion

(centrifugal/

centripetal forces);

Periodic motion: pendular movement;

Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;

Velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency.

2.2.3

Dynamics

a)

Mass;

Force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total

energy), heat, efficiency;

b)

Momentum, conservation of momentum;

Impulse;

Gyroscopic principles;

Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling

resistance).

2.2.4

Fluid dynamics

a)

Specific gravity and density;

b)

Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;

effects of compressibility on fluids;

Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli's Theorem, venturi.

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–6

Level

B1

B2

2.3

Thermodynamics

a)

Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius,

Fahrenheit and Kelvin;

Heat definition.

b)

Heat capacity, specific heat;

Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction;

Volumetric expansion;

First and second law of thermodynamics;

Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and

constant pressure, work done by expanding gas;

Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles,

constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat

pumps;

Latent heats of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of

combustion.

2.4

Optics (Light)

Nature of light; speed of light;

Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces,

reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses;

Fibre optics.

2.5

Wave Motion and Sound

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion,

interference phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and

quality, Doppler effect.

Module 2 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–7

03.04.98

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

Level

B1

B2

3.1

Electron Theory

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms,

molecules, ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

3.2

Static Electricity and Conduction

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum.

3.3

Electrical Terminology

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them

potential

difference,

electromotive

force,

voltage,

current,

resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow,

electron flow.

3.4

Generation of Electricity

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat,

friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

3.5

DC Sources of Electricity

Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells,

secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other

alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

3.6

DC Circuits

Ohms Law, Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws;

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and

current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

3.7

Resistance / Resistor

a)

Resistance and affecting factors;

Specific resistance;

Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values,

wattage ratings;

Resistors in series and parallel;

Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series

parallel combinations;

Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats;

Operation of Wheatstone Bridge.

b)

Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance;

Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of

construction;

Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors;

Construction of potentiometers and rheostats;

Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–8

Level

B1

B2

3.8

Power

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

3.9

Capacitance / Capacitor

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between

plates,

number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working

voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types, construction and function;

Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel

circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.

3.10

Magnetism

a)

Theory of magnetism;

Properties of a magnet;

Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field;

Magnetisation and demagnetisation;

Magnetic shielding;

Various types of magnetic material;

Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;

Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current

carrying conductor.

b)

Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density,

permeability,

hysteresis

loop,

retentivity,

coercive

force

reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents;

Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11

Inductance / Inductor

Faraday's Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage

magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux, number of

conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual

inductance has on induced voltage;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil,

physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with

respect to each other;

Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;

Back emf, self induction;

Saturation point;

Principal uses of inductors;

Module 3 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–9

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

3.12

DC Motor / Generator Theory

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator;

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current

flow in DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed

and direction of rotation of C motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter Generator construction.

3.13

AC Theory

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak

current values and calculations of these values, in relation to

voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single / 3 phase principles.

3.14

Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits

Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits,

parallel, series and series parallel;

Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15

Transformers

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16

Filters

Operation, application and uses of the following filters: low pass,

high pass, band pass, band stop.

3.17

AC Generators

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving

field type AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Calculation of power in a three phase system;

Permanent Magnet Generators.

3.18

AC Motors

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC

synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded

or split pole.

Module 3 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–10

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS.

Level

B1

B2

4.1

Semiconductors

4.1.1

Diodes

a)

Diode symbols;

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers

(thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor,

rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

b)

Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties;

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction,

majority and minority carriers;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across

a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased

conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward

current,

temperature,

frequency,

leakage

current,

power

dissipation;

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers,

clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage

doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices

silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Shottky

diode, photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier

diodes, Zener diode.

4.1.2

Transistors

a)

Transistor symbols;

Component description and orientation;

Transistor characteristics and properties.

b)

Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors;

Base, collector and emitter configurations;

Testing of transistors.

Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses.

Application of transistors : classes of amplifier (A, B, C);

Simple circuits including : bias, decoupling, feedback and

stabilisation;

Multistage circuit principles : cascades, push-pull, oscillators,

multivibrators, flip-flop circuits.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–11

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

4.1.3

Integrated Circuits

a)

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits /

operational amplifiers.

b)

Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits;

Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier

used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator;

Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive

capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct;

Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.

4.2

Printed Circuit Boards

Description and use of printed circuit boards.

4.3

Servomechanisms

a)

Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop

systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers;

Principles of operation and use of the following synchro system

components / features: resolvers, differential, control and torque,

transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters.

b)

Understanding of the following terms : Open and closed loop,

follow up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping,

feedback, deadband;

Construction operation and use of the following synchro system

components : resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I

transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters,

synchronous transmitters;

Servomechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting.

Module 4 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–12

MODULE 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Level

B1

B2

5.1

Electronic Instrument Systems

Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic

instrument systems.

5.2

Numbering Systems

Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal;

Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary,

octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa.

5.3

Data Conversion

Analogue Data, Digital Data;

Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to

analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various

types.

5.4

Data Buses

Operation of data buses in aircraft systems, including knowledge

of ARINC and other specifications.

5.5

Logic Circuits

a)

Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent

circuits;

Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams.

b)

Interpretation of logic diagrams.

5.6

Basic Computer Structure

a)

Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hardware,

CPU, IC, and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM,

PROM);

Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems).

b)

Computer related terminology;

Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a

micro computer including their associated bus systems;

Information contained in single and multiaddress instruction words;

Memory associated terms;

Operation of typical memory devices;

Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data

storage systems.

5.7

Microprocessors

Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor;

Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements

control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit.

5.8

Integrated Circuits

Operation and use of encoders and decoders;

Function of encoder types;

Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–13

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

5.9

Multiplexing

Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams

of multiplexers and demultiplexers.

5.10

Fibre Optics

Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission

over electrical wire propagation;

Fibre optic data bus;

Fibre optic related terms;

Terminations;

Couplers, control terminals, remote terminals;

Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.

5.11

Electronic Displays

Principles of operation of common types of displays used in

modern aircraft, including Cathode Ray Tubes, Light Emitting

Diodes and Liquid Crystal Display.

5.12

Electrostatic Sensitive Devices

Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic

discharges;

Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and

personnel anti-static protection devices.

5.13

Software Management Control

Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible

catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes.

5.14

Electromagnetic Environment

Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices

for electronic system

EMC

– Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMI

– Electromagnetic Interference

HIRF

– High Intensity Radiated Field

Lightning / lightning protection

5.15

Typical Electronic / Digital Aircraft Systems

General arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated BITE

(Built In Test Equipment) testing such as

ACARS – ARINC

Communication

and

Addressing

and

Reporting System

ECAM

– Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring

EFIS

– Electronic Flight Instrument System

EICAS

– Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System

FBW

– Fly by Wire

FMS

– Flight Management System

GPS

– Global Positioning System

IRS

– Inertial Reference System

TCAS

– Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System

Note

Different manufacturers may use different terminology for similar systems.

Module 5 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–14

MODULE 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE

Level

B1

B2

6.1

Aircraft Materials – Ferrous

a)

Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy

steels used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of alloys steels;

b)

Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue

strength and impact resistance.

6.2

Aircraft Materials – Non-Ferrous

a)

Characteristics, properties and identification of common non-

ferrous materials used in aircraft;

Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials;

b)

Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength,

fatigue strength and impact resistance.

6.3

Aircraft Materials – Composite and Non-Metallic

a)

Characteristics,

properties

and

identification

of

common

composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in

aircraft;

Sealants and bonding agents.

b)

The detection of defects in composite material.

Repair of composite material.

6.4

Corrosion

a)

Chemical fundamentals;

Formation by, galvanic action process, microbiological, stress;

b)

Types of corrosion and their identification;

Causes of corrosion;

Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.

6.5

Fasteners

6.5.1

Screw threads

Screw nomenclature;

Thread forms, dimensions and tolerances for standard threads

used in aircraft;

Measuring screw threads.

6.5.2

Bolts, studs and screws

Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft

bolts, international standards;

Nuts: self locking, anchor, standard types;

Machine screws: aircraft specifications;

Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal;

Self tapping screws, dowels.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–15

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

6.5.3

Locking devices

Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire

locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.

6.5.4

Aircraft rivets

Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification,

heat treatment.

6.6

Pipes and Unions

a)

Identification of, and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their

connectors used in aircraft;

b)

Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air

system pipes.

6.7

Springs

Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications.

6.8

Bearings

Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction;

Types of bearings and their application.

6.9

Transmissions

Gear types and their application;

Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and

driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns;

Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.

6.10

Control Cables

Types of cables;

End fittings, turnbuckles and compensation devices;

Pulleys and cable system components;

Bowden cables;

Aircraft flexible control systems.

6.11

Electrical Cables and Connectors

Cable types, construction and characteristics;

High tension and co-axial cables;

Crimping;

Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and

voltage rating, coupling, identification codes.

Module 6 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–16

MODULE 7. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

Level

B1

B2

7.1

Safety Precautions – Aircraft and Workshop

Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take

when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and

chemicals.

Also, instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of

a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards.

7.2

Workshop Practices

Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials;

Dimensions,

allowances

and

tolerances,

standards

of

workmanship;

Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards.

7.3

Tools

Common hand tool types;

Common power tool types;

Operation and use of precision measuring tools;

Lubrication equipment and methods;

Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment.

7.4

Avionic General Test Equipment

Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment.

7.5

Engineering Drawings, Diagrams and Standards

Drawing

types

and

diagrams,

their

symbols,

dimensions,

tolerances and projections;

Identifying title block information;

Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations;

Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of

America;

Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS,

NAS and MIL;

Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.

7.6

Fits and Clearances

Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits;

Common system of fits and clearances;

Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines;

Limits for bow, twist and wear;

Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts.

7.7

Electrical Cables and Connectors

Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing;

Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated;

Testing of crimp joints;

Connector pin removal and insertion;

Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions;

Wiring protection techniques : Cable looming and loom support,

cable clamps, protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink

wrapping, shielding.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–17

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

7.8

Riveting

Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch;

Tools used for rivetting and dimpling;

Inspection of rivetted joints.

7.9

Pipes and Hoses

Bending and belling/flaring aircraft pipes;

Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses;

Installation and clamping of pipes.

7.10

Springs

Inspection and testing of springs.

7.11

Bearings

Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings;

Lubrication requirements of bearings;

Defects in bearings and their causes.

7.12

Transmissions

Inspection of gears, backlash;

Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets;

Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems.

7.13

Control Cables

Swaging of end fittings;

Inspection and testing of control cables;

Bowden cables; aircraft flexible control systems.

7.14

Sheet Metal Work

Marking out and calculation of bend allowance;

Sheet metal working, including bending and forming;

Inspection of sheet metal work.

7.15

Welding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding

a)

Soldering methods; inspection of soldered joints.

b)

Welding and brazing methods;

Inspection of welded and brazed joints;

Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints.

7.16

Aircraft Weight and Balance

a)

Centre of Gravity / Balance limits calculation: use of relevant

documents;

b)

Preparation of aircraft for weighing;

Aircraft weighing.

Module 7 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–18

Level

B1

B2

7.17

Aircraft Handling and Storage

Aircraft taxiing / towing and associated safety precautions;

Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety

precautions;

Aircraft storage methods;

Refuelling / defuelling procedures;

De-icing/anti-icing procedures;

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies.

Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and

operation.

7.18

Disassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly Techniques

a)

Types of defects and visual inspection techniques.

Corrosion removal, assessment and reprotection.

b)

General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual;

Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programmes.

c)

Non destructive inspection techniques including, penetrant,

radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.

d)

Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.

e)

Trouble shooting techniques.

7.19

Abnormal Events

a)

Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration.

b)

Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings

and flight through turbulence.

7.20

Maintenance Procedures

Maintenance planning;

Modification procedures;

Stores procedures;

Certification/release procedures;

Interface with aircraft operation;

Maintenance Inspection/Quality Control/Quality Assurance;

Additional maintenance procedures.

Control of life limited components.

Module 7 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–19

03.04.98

MODULE 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS

Level

B1

B2

8.1

Physics of the Atmosphere

International

Standard

Atmosphere

(ISA),

application

to

aerodynamics.

8.2

Aerodynamics

Airflow around a body;

Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow,

relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices, stagnation;

The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile

(parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack,

wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect

ratio;

Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;

Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag

coefficient, polar curve, stall;

Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.

8.3

Theory of Flight

Relationship between lift, weight, thrust and drag;

Glide ratio;

Steady state flights, performance;

Theory of the turn;

Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural

limitations;

Lift augmentation.

8.4

Flight Stability and Dynamics

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive).

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–20

MODULE 9. HUMAN FACTORS

Level

B1

B2

9.1

General

The need to take human factors into account;

Incidents attributable to human factors / human error;

‘Murphy’s’ law.

9.2

Human Performance and Limitations

Vision;

Hearing;

Information processing;

Attention and perception;

Memory;

Claustrophobia and physical access.

9.3

Social Psychology

Responsibility: individual and group;

Motivation and de-motivation;

Peer pressure;

‘Culture’ issues;

Team working;

Management, supervision and leadership.

9.4

Factors Affecting Performance

Fitness / health;

Stress: domestic and work related;

Time pressure and deadlines;

Workload: overload and underload;

Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork;

Alcohol, medication, drug abuse.

9.5

Physical Environment

Noise and fumes;

Illumination;

Climate and temperature;

Motion and vibration;

Working environment.

9.6

Tasks

Physical work;

Repetitive tasks;

Visual inspection;

Complex systems.

9.7

Communication

Within and between teams;

Work logging and recording;

Keeping up to date, currency;

Dissemination of information.

9.8

Human Error

Error models and theories;

Types of error in maintenance tasks;

Implications of errors (i.e accidents);

Avoiding and managing errors.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–21

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

9.9

Hazards in the Workplace

Recognising and avoiding hazards;

Dealing with emergencies.

Module 9 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–22

MODULE 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION

Level

B1

B2

10.1

Regulatory Framework

Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation;

Role of the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA);

Role of the JAA full member Authorities;

Role of the JAA candidate member Authorities;

Joint Airworthiness Requirements: relationship between

JAR–OPS, JAR–145, JAR–66, JAR–147 and JAR–Maintenance;

Relationship with other Aviation Authorities.

10.2

JAR–66 – Certifying Staff – Maintenance

Detailed understanding of JAR–66.

10.3

JAR–145 – Approved Maintenance Organisations

Detailed understanding of JAR–145.

10.4

JAR–OPS – Commercial Air Transportation

a)

General

Air Operators Certificates;

Operators Responsibilities;

Documents to be Carried;

Aircraft Placarding (Markings);

b)

Subpart M

Maintenance Responsibility;

Maintenance Management;

Aircraft Maintenance Programme;

Aircraft Technical Log;

Maintenance Records and Log Books;

Accident/Occurrence Reporting.

10.5

Aircraft Certification

a)

General

Certification rules : such as JAR–23/25/27/29;

Type Certification;

Supplemental Type Certification;

JAR–21 Design/Production Organisation Approvals.

b)

Documents

Certificate of Airworthiness;

Certificate of Registration;

Noise Certificate;

Weight Schedule;

Radio Station Licence and Approval.

10.6

JAR–Maintenance

(when adopted)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–23

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

10.7

Applicable National and International Requirements for

(if not superseded by JAA requirements)

a)

Maintenance Programmes, Maintenance checks and inspections;

Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List,

Dispatch Deviation Lists;

Airworthiness Directives;

Service Bulletins, manufacturers service information;

Modifications and repairs;

Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural

repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.

b)

Continuing airworthiness;

Test flights;

ETOPS, maintenance and dispatch requirements;

All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations and minimum

equipment requirements.

Module 10 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–24

MODULE 11. AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES

AND SYSTEMS

Level

B1

B2

11.1

Theory of Flight

11.1.1

Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls

Operation and effect of

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers

and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading

edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading)

tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias,

aerodynamic balance panels;

11.1.2

High Speed Flight

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock

wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;

Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;

Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.

11.2

Airframe Structures - General Concepts

a)

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop

stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision.

b)

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers,

stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties,

beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning,

anti-corrosive

protection,

wing,

empennage

and

engine

attachments;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising,

painting;

Surface cleaning;

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–25

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

11.3

Airframe Structures – Aeroplanes

11.3.1

Fuselage (ATA 52 / 53 / 56)

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation and cargo loading system;

Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.

11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57)

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing

gear,

pylon,

control

surface

and

high

lift/drag

attachments.

11.3.3

Stabilisers (ATA 55)

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11.3.4

Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)

Construction and attachment;

Balancing – mass and aerodynamic.

11.3.5

Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)

Construction;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts.

11.4

Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)

11.4.1

Air supply

Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground

cart;

11.4.2

Air Conditioning

Air conditioning systems;

Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;

Distribution systems;

Flow, temperature and humidity control system.

11.4.3

Pressurisation

Pressurisation systems;

Control and indication including control and safety valves;

Cabin pressure controllers.

11.4.4

Safety and warning devices

Protection and warning devices.

Module 11 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–26

Level

B1

B2

11.5

Instruments/Avionic Systems

11.5.1

Instrument Systems (ATA 31)

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator,

horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn co-

ordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Other aircraft system indication.

11.5.2

Avionic Systems

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of;

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11.6

Electrical Power (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External/Ground power.

11.7

Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)

a)

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts.

b)

Cabin lay-out;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

Cabin entertainment equipment;

Galley installation;

Cargo handling and retention equipment;

Airstairs.

11.8

Fire Protection (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

11.9

Flight Controls (ATA 27)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes.

Module 11 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–27

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-

wire;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall protection system.

11.10

Fuel Systems (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling;

Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

11.11

Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

11.12

Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

De-icing systems: electrical, pneumatic and chemical;

Rain repellant and removal;

Probe and drain heating.

11.13

Landing Gear (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;

Tyres;

Steering.

11.14

Lights (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

11.15

Oxygen (ATA 35)

System lay-out: cockpit, cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings

Module 11.9 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–28

Level

B1

B2

11.16

Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources: engine / APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

11.17

Water/Waste (ATA 38)

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.

11.18

On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

Module 11 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–29

03.04.98

MODULE 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES

AND SYSTEMS

Level

B1

B2

12.1

Theory of Flight – Rotary Wing Aerodynamics

Terminology;

Effects of gyroscopic precession;

Torque reaction and directional control;

Dissymmetry of lift, Blade tip stall;

Translating tendency and its correction;

Coriolis effect and compensation;

Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching;

Auto-rotation;

Ground effect.

12.2

Flight Control Systems

Cyclic control;

Collective control;

Swashplate;

Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control, Tail rotor, bleed air;

Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features;

Blade Dampers: Function and construction;

Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and

attachment;

Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire;

Artificial feel;

Balancing and Rigging.

12.3

Blade Tracking and Vibration Analysis

Rotor alignment;

Main and tail rotor tracking;

Static and dynamic balancing;

Vibration types, vibration reduction methods;

Ground resonance.

12.4

Transmissions

Gear boxes, main and tail rotors;

Clutches, free wheel units and rotor brake.

12.5

Airframe Structures

a)

Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;

Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;

Zonal and station identification systems;

Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop

stress, fatigue;

Drains and ventilation provisions;

System installation provisions;

Lightning strike protection provision.

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–30

Level

B1

B2

b)

Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers,

stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties,

beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and

anti-corrosive protection;

Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;

Windows and windscreen construction;

Fuel storage;

Firewalls;

Engine mounts;

Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;

Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising,

painting;

Surface cleaning.

Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.

12.6

Air Conditioning (ATA 21)

12.6.1

Air supply

Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart.

12.6.2

Air Conditioning

Air conditioning systems;

Distribution systems;

Flow and temperature control systems;

Protection and warning devices.

12.7

Instruments/Avionic Systems

12.7.1

Instrument Systems (ATA 31)

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator,

horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn co-ordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Vibration indicating systems – HUMS;

Other aircraft system indication.

12.7.2

Avionic Systems

Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of;

Auto Flight (ATA 22);

Communications (ATA 23);

Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

12.8

Electrical Power (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation, AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation, Circuit protection;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

External/Ground power.

Module 12.5 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–31

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

12.9

Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)

a)

Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts;

Lifting systems.

b)

Emergency flotation systems;

Cabin lay-out, cargo retention;

Equipment lay-out;

Cabin Furnishing Installation;

12.10

Fire Protection (ATA 26)

Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;

System tests.

12.11

Fuel Systems (ATA 28)

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Dumping, venting and draining;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

12.12

Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems;

Interface with other systems.

12.13

Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)

Ice formation, classification and detection;

Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;

Rain repellant and removal;

Probe and drain heating.

12.14

Landing Gear (ATA 32)

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, Tyres, brakes;

Steering;

Skids, floats.

Module 12 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–32

Level

B1

B2

12.15

Lights (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

12.16

Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)

System lay-out;

Sources: engine, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply.;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

Module 12 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–33

03.04.98

MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES

AND SYSTEMS

Level

B1

B2

13.1

Theory of Flight

a)

Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls

Operation and effect of

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;

pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence

stabilisers and canards;

yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices: slots, slats, flaps;

Drag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs, control surface bias.

b)

High Speed Flight

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

Mach number, critical Mach number.

c)

Rotary Wing Aerodynamics

Terminology;

Operation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls.

13.2

Structures – General Concepts

a)

Fundamentals of structural systems.

b)

Zonal and station identification systems;

Electrical bonding;

Lightning strike protection provision.

13.3

Autoflight (ATA22)

Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working

principles and current terminology;

Command signal processing;

Modes of operation: roll, pitch and yaw channels;

Yaw dampers;

Stability Augmentation System in helicopters;

Automatic trim control;

Autopilot navigation aids interface;

Autothrottle systems;

Automatic Landing Systems: principles and categories, modes of

operation, approach, glideslope, land, go-around, system monitors

and failure conditions.

13.4

Communication / Navigation (ATA23/34)

Fundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission

lines, communication, receiver and transmitter;

Working principles of following systems

Very High Frequency (VHF)communication;

High Frequency (HF)communication;

Audio;

Emergency Locator Transmitters;

Cockpit Voice Recorder;

Very High Frequency omnidirectional range (VOR);

Automatic Direction Finding (ADF);

Instrument Landing System (ILS);

Microwave Landing System (MLS);

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–34

Level

B1

B2

Flight Director systems;

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME);

Very Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/Omega);

Doppler navigation;

Area navigation, RNAV systems;

Flight Management Systems;

Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite

Systems (GNSS) ;

Inertial Navigation System;

Air Traffic Control transponder, secondary surveillance radar;

Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS);

Weather avoidance radar;

Radio altimeter;

ARINC communication and reporting;

13.5

Electrical Power (ATA 24)

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation;

AC power generation;

Emergency power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;

Circuit protection;

External/Ground power.

13.6

Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)

Electronic emergency equipment requirements;

Cabin entertainment equipment.

13.7

Flight Controls (ATA 27)

a)

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;

Active load control;

High lift devices;

Lift dump, speed brakes;

System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic;

Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks;

Stall protection systems.

b)

System operation: electrical, fly by wire.

13.8

Instrument Systems (ATA 31)

Classification;

Atmosphere;

Terminology;

Pressure measuring devices and systems;

Pitot static systems;

Altimeters;

Vertical speed indicators;

Airspeed indicators;

Machmeters;

Module 13.4 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–35

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

Altitude reporting / alerting systems;

Air data computers;

Instrument pneumatic systems;

Direct reading pressure and temperature gauges;

Temperature indicating systems;

Fuel quantity indicating systems;

Gyroscopic principles;

Artificial horizons;

Slip indicators;

Directional gyros;

Ground Proximity Warning Systems;

Compass systems;

Flight Data Recording systems;

Electronic Flight Instrument Systems;

Instrument warning systems including master warning systems

and centralised warning panels;

Stall warning systems and angle of attack indicating systems;

Vibration measurement and indication.

13.9

Lights (ATA 33)

External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

13.10

On board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)

Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;

Electronic library system;

Printing;

Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

Module 13.8 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–36

MODULE 14. PROPULSION

Level

B1

B2

14.1

Turbine Engines

a)

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan,

turboshaft and turbopropeller engines.

b)

Electronic Engine control and fuel metering systems

(FADEC);

14.2

Engine Indicating Systems

Exhaust gas temperature / Interstage turbine temperature systems;

Engine speed;

Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine

discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure, temperature and flow;

Manifold pressure;

Engine torque;

Propeller speed.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–37

03.04.98

MODULE 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE

Level

B1

B2

15.1

Fundamentals

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton

cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity,

acceleration;

Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan,

turboshaft, turboprop.

15.2

Engine Performance

Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution,

resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft horsepower,

specific fuel consumption;

Engine efficiencies;

By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;

Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow;

Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot

climate, flat rating, limitations.

15.3

Inlet

Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;

Ice protection.

15.4

Compressors

Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;

Fan balancing;

Operation;

Causes and effects of compressor stall and surge;

Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide

vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;

Compressor ratio.

15.5

Combustion Section

Constructional features and principles of operation.

15.6

Turbine Section

Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;

Blade to disk attachment;

Nozzle guide vanes;

Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.

15.7

Exhaust

Constructional features and principles of operation;

Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;

Engine noise reduction;

Thrust reversers.

15.8

Bearings and Seals

Constructional features and principles of operation.

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–38

Level

B1

B2

15.9

Lubricants and Fuels

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

15.10

Lubrication Systems

System operation/lay-out and components.

15.11

Fuel Systems

Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including

electronic engine control (FADEC);

Systems lay-out and components.

15.12

Air Systems

Operation of engine air distribution and anti - ice control systems,

including internal cooling, sealing and external air services.

15.13

Starting and Ignition Systems

Operation of engine start systems and components;

Ignition systems and components;

Maintenance safety requirements.

15.14

Engine Indication Systems

Exhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage Turbine Temperature;

Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio, engine turbine

discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Engine speed;

Vibration measurement and indication;

Torque;

Power.

15.15

Power Augmentation Systems

Operation and applications;

Water injection, water methanol;

Afterburner systems.

15.16

Turbo-prop Engines

Gas coupled/free turbine and gear coupled turbines;

Reduction gears;

Integrated engine and propeller controls;

Overspeed safety devices.

15.17

Turbo-shaft engines

Arrangements, drive systems, reduction gearing, couplings,

control systems.

15.18

Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)

Purpose, operation, protective systems.

Module 15 (continued)

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–39

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

15.19

Powerplant Installation

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine

mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors,

wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

15.20

Fire Protection Systems

Operation of detection and extinguishing systems.

15.21

Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and boroscope) monitoring;

Inspection of engine and components to criteria, tolerances and

data specified by engine manufacturer;

Compressor washing/cleaning;

Foreign Object Damage.

15.22

Engine Storage and Preservation

Preservation

and

depreservation

for

the

engine

and

accessories/systems.

Module 15 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–40

MODULE 16. PISTON ENGINE

Level

B1

B2

16.1

Fundamentals

Mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies;

Operating cycles;

Piston displacement and compression ratio;

Engine configuration and firing order.

16.2

Engine Performance

Power calculation and measurement;

Factors affecting engine power;

Mixtures/leaning, pre-ignition.

16.3

Engine Construction

Crank case, crank shaft, cam shafts, sumps;

Accessory gearbox;

Cylinder and piston assemblies;

Connecting rods, inlet and exhaust manifolds;

Valve mechanisms;

Propeller reduction gearboxes.

16.4

Engine Fuel Systems

16.4.1

Carburettors

Types, construction and principles of operation;

Icing and heating.

16.4.2

Fuel injection systems

Types, construction and principles of operation.

16.5

Starting and Ignition Systems

Starting systems;

Magneto types, construction and principles of operation;

Ignition harnesses, spark plugs;

Low and high tension systems.

16.6

Induction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems

Construction and operation of: induction systems including

alternate air systems;

Exhaust systems and engine cooling systems.

16.7

Supercharging/Turbocharging

Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine

parameters;

Construction

and

operation

of

supercharging/turbocharging

systems;

System terminology;

Control systems;

System protection.

16.8

Lubricants and Fuels

Properties and specifications;

Fuel additives;

Safety precautions.

SECTION 2

JAR–66

2–App 1–41

03.04.98

Level

B1

B2

16.9

Lubrication Systems

System operation/lay-out and components.

16.10

Engine Indication Systems

Engine speed;

Cylinder head temperature;

Oil pressure and temperature;

Exhaust Gas Temperature;

Fuel pressure and flow;

Manifold pressure.

16.11

Powerplant Installation

Configuration of firewalls, cowlings, acoustic panels, engine

mounts, anti-vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders, connectors,

wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.

16.12

Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation

Procedures for starting and ground run-up;

Interpretation of engine power output and parameters;

Inspection of engine and components: criteria, tolerances, and

Data specified by engine manufacturer.

16.13

Engine Storage and Preservation

Preservation

and

depreservation

for

the

engine

and

accessories/systems.

Module 16 (continued)

JAR–66

SECTION 2

03.04.98

2–App 1–42

MODULE 17. PROPELLER

Level

B1

B2

17.1

Fundamentals

Blade element theory;

High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle of attack, rotational

speed;

Propeller slip;

Aerodynamic, centrifugal, and thrust forces;

Torque;

Relative airflow on blade angle of attack;

Vibration and resonance.

17.2

Propeller Construction

Construction methods and materials used in composite and metal

propellers;

Blade station, blade face, blade shank, blade back and hub

assembly;

Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, constant speeding propeller;

Propeller/spinner installation.

17.3

Propeller Pitch Control

Speed control and pitch change methods;

Feathering and reverse pitch;

Overspeed protection.

17.4

Propeller Synchronising

Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment.

17.5

Propeller Ice Protection

Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment.

17.6

Propeller Maintenance

Static and dynamic balancing;

Blade tracking;

Assessment of blade damage, erosion, corrosion, impact damage,

delamination;

Propeller treatment/repair schemes;

Propeller engine running.

Editeur

Service Central de Législation, 43, boulevard F.-D. Roosevelt, L-2450 Luxembourg

Imprimeur

Imprimerie de la Cour Victor Buck, s. à r. l. Leudelange