Konstruktiv brandsikring - Typegodkendelse af materialer og konstruktioner (* 10)

Konstruktiv brandsikring - Typegodkendelse af materialer og konstruktioner (* 10)

KONSTRUKTIV BRANDSIKRING

Typegodkendelse af materialer og konstruktioner

I henhold til gældende bestemmelser skal forskellige materialer og konstruktioner, som indgår i den konstruktive brandsikring i danske skibe, være typegodkendt af statens skibstilsyn.

1. Gruppering af materialer og konstruktioner Følgende materialer og konstruktioner kan typegodkendes: 1.1. Isolationskonstruktioner for klasse A-skodder og -dæk 1.2. Klasse A-døre 1.3. Klasse B- og C-skodelementer 1.4. Klasse B- og C-døre 1.5. Overflademateriale med lav flammespredningsevne 1.6. Lak og maling 1.7. Dæksbelægning (nederste lag dæksbelægning) 1.8. Ubrændbare isolationsmaterialer 1.9. Klasse B- og C-loftskonstruktioner 1.10. Andre konstruktioner, som indgår i den konstruktive brandsikring, hvortil der ikke er direkte krav om typegodkendelse, men hvor funktionen er entydigt angivet i bestemmelserne, f.eks. brandspjæld, skod- og dæksgennemføringer o.lign. 2. Ansøgning om typegodkendelse For at opnå en typegodkendelse skal anmodning herom stiles til direktoratet for statens skibstilsyn, vedlagt brandprøvningsattest fra Statsprøveanstalten i København eller andet anerkendt brandprøvningslaboratorium. Ansøgning skal indeholde følgende oplysninger: 2.1. Navn og adresse på firmaet, som fremstiller materialet eller konstruktionen (kun fremstilleren kan få typegodkendelse). 2.2. Materialets eller konstruktionens handelsnavn og/eller typebetegnelse. 3. Dokumentation som skal fremsendes: For materialer og konstruktioner under pkt. 1.1., 1.2., 1.3., 1.4. og 1.9.: 3.1. Dokumentation for, at brandprøvningen er udført i henhold til IMCO Resolution A. 163 (ES IV)(* 1), herunder angivelse af temperaturkurver for de enkelte målepunkter. 3.2. Konstruktionstegninger med alle nødvendige mål (dørstørrelser, isolationstykkelser, materialetykkelser etc.) samt angivelse af alle benyttede materialer. 3.3. Dokumentation for ubrændbarhed for alle benyttede materialer, baseret på IMCO Resolution A. 270 (viii)(* 2). 3.4. Dokumentation for eventuelle overfladematerialers flammespredningsevne baseret på brandprøvningsmetode D.S. 1058-3 (dansk panelmetode). For materialer under pkt. 1.5 og 1.6: 3.5. Dokumentation for overfladematerialers flammespredningsevne, baseret på brandprøvningsmetode D.S. 1058-3 dansk panelmetode). For materialer under pkt. 1.7: 3.6. Dokumentation for, at dæksbelægningen er ikke-letantændelig, baseret på IMCO Resolution A. 214 (vii). For materialer under pkt. 1.8: 3.7. Dokumentation for isolationsmaterialers ubrændbarhed, baseret på IMCO Resolution A. 270 (viii)(* 2). For konstruktioner under pkt. 1.10: 3.8. Attest for brandprøvning, udført efter nærmere aftale med direktoratet i hvert enkelt tilfælde. 4. Identifikation 4.1. Materialer og konstruktioner, som typegodkendes, skal identifikationsmærkes med godkendelsesnummer og evt. kategoribetegnelse. 4.2. Denne mærkning vil blive nærmere angivet i godkendelsesskrivelsen. 4.3. Mærkningen skal foretages på en sådan måde, at skibstilsynet kan identificere materialet eller konstruktionen under opbygningen af den konstruktive brandsikring. 5. Publikation og tidsbegrænsning 5.1. Når en typegodkendelse er udstedt, vil den blive offentliggjort i »Skibstilsynets Meddelelser« og i »Skibstilsynets godkendelsesbog«. 5.2. En typegodkendelses gyldighed er tidsbegrænset til en 3-årig periode fra udstedelsesdagen, men kan dog fornyes for en 3-årig periode efter nærmere betingelser, som er angivet i »Skibstilsynets Meddelelser« nr. 314.

RESOLUTION A.517(13)

adopted on 17 November 1983

RECOMMENDATION ON FIRE TEST PROCEDURES FOR

»A«; »B« AND »F« CLASS DIVISIONS

THE ASSEMBLY,

RECALLING Article 16(j) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly in relation to regulations concerning maritime safety,

NOTING Assembly resolution A.163(ES.IV), entitled »Recommendation for Fire Test Procedures for »A« and »B« Class Divisions', as amended by resolution A.215(VII),

RECOGNIZING the need to improve test procedures for determining the compliance of insulating values, as defined in regulation 3(c) and (d) of chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and regulation 3.3 and 3.4 of chapter II-2 of the 1981 and 1983 amendments to that Convention, as well as regulation 2(34), 2(35) and 2(37) of chapter I of the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977,

HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendations made by the Maritime Safety Committee at its forty-eighth session,

1. ADOPTS the Recommendation on Fire Test Procedures for »A«, »B« and »F« Class Divisions, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution, which supersedes the recommendation annexed to resolution A.163(ES.IV) as amended by resolution A.215(VII);

2. INVITES all Governments concerned to apply the revised recommendation in compliance with the relevant definitions in regulation 3 of chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and the 1981 and 1983 amendments thereto and regulation 2 of chapter I of the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977.

ANNEX

RECOMMENDATION FOR FIRE TEST PROCEDURES FOR

»A«, »B« AND »F« CLASS DIVISIONS(* 3)

A TESTING

1 GENERAL

1.1 Under the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, and subsequent amendments thereto, and the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977, constructions and materials for use in passenger ships, cargo ships, and fishing vessels as »A« class bulkheads and decks, »A« class doors, »B« class bulkheads, ceilings and decks, »B« class doors, »F« class bulkheads, decks, ceilings and linings and »F« class doors should have an insulating value to the satisfaction of, and be approved by, the Administration. Such approval will be based on reports from a testing laboratory recognized by the Administration of results obtained from tests carried out on the construction and material in question, and therefore the manufacturer or agent should, if required, submit test specimens and information to the testing laboratory as laid down in section 2.

1.2 The dimensions of the structural cores of the test specimens given in section 2 are intended for structural cores of stiffened flat plates of steel or aluminium alloy. The Administration may require tests to be carried out on specimens having structural cores of materials other than steel or aluminium alloy if such materials are more representative of the construction to be used on board ships.

1.3 Although both steel and aluminium alloy constructions are included in this test procedure, uninsulated steel bulkheads or decks of suitable scantlings and without openings meet the requirements for »A« class divisions with regard to the passage of smoke and flame whereas uninsulated aluminium alloy bulkheads or decks do not meet the requirements.

1.4 It is intended that insulating materials which pass the appropriate test for »A« class divisions and »B« class decks may be used in conjunction with constructions of steel or aluminium, whichever is applicable, having heavier scantlings than indicated in section 2.

1.5 A material used to insulate the structural core of a test specimen for an »A« class division and panels of a material used in the construction of a test specimen for a »B« og »F« class division should be tested without paint or other superimposed finish; provided that where such materials and panels are only produced with a superimposed finish, and subject to the agreement of the Administration, such materials and panels may be tested as produced. Such a material or panels may be required to be tested with a superimposed finish if such a finish is considered by the Administration to have a detrimental effect on the performance of the »A«, »B« or »F« class division of which such a material or panel is part.

2. NATURE; SIZE AND ERECTION OF TEST SPECIMENS

2.1. Insulated »A« class bulkheads

2.1.1. Dimensions of structural core

The dimensions of the structural core should be in accordance with figure 1 and the following

Thickness of plating Steel 4.4 plus/minus 0.5 mm Aluminium 6.0 plus minus 9.5 mm Vertical stiffeners spaced at 600 mm Steel 65 plus/minus 5 x 65 plus/minus 5 x 6 plus minus 1 mm Aluminium 100 plus/minus 5 x 75 plus/minus 5 x 9 plus minus 1 mm

2.1.2 Insulating materials

The following materials should be submitted by the manufacturer

The identification mark and trade name.

Principal details of composition.

Nominal density at ambient temperature.

Specific heat at ambient temperature.

Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature.

2.1.3 Dimensions of panels of insulation material

If the insulation medium consists of panels of a material, the test specimen should be constructed of the panels at least one of which is to be the maximum width which may be used in practice, subject to at least one joint being incorporated.

2.1.4 Drawings

A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer

Details and dimensions of the structural core.

Thickness of insulation in way of plating and stiffeners.

Methods of securing insulation and details of materials used for this purpose.

Details of joints connections and air gaps, if any.

2.1.5 The testing laboratory should determine the actual thickness of the insulating material of the test specimen and the density and, where applicable, the water and/or binder content of reference specimens of the insulating material after they have been conditioned in the same manner as specified for the test specimen in 3.1.1.

The methods of determining these properties should be as specified in 3.3. The reference specimens for sprayed insulating materials should be made when the material is sprayed on the bulkhead panel and they should be sprayed in the vertical position in a similar manner as the bulkhead panel.

2.2 Insulated »A« class decks

2.2.1 Dimensions of structural core

The dimensions of the structural core should be in accordance with figure 1 and the following

Thickness of plating Steel 4.5 plus/minus 0.5 mm Aluminium 6.0 plus/minus 0.5 mm Deck beams spaced at 600 mm Steel 100 plus/minus 5 x 70 plus/minus 5 x 8 plus/minus 1 mm Aluminium 150 plus/minus 5 x 100 plus/minus 5 x 9 plus/minus 1 mm

2.2.2 Insulation materials

The following information should be submitted by the manufacturer

Identification mark and trade name.

Prncipal details of composition.

Nominal density at ambient temperature.

Specific heat at ambient temperature.

Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature.

2.2.3 Dimensions of panels of insulation material

If the insulation medium consists of panels of a material, the test specimen should be constructed of the panels at least one of which should be of the maximum size which may be used in practice, subject to at least one joint being incorporated.

2.2.4 Drawings

A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer

Details and dimensions of the structural core.

Thickness of insulation in way of plating and beams.

Methods of securing insulation and details of materials used for this purpose.

Details of joints, connections and air gaps, if any.

2.2.5 The testing laboratory should determine the actuel thickness of the insulating material of the test specimen and the density and, where applicable, the water and/or binder content or reference specimens of the insulating material after they have been conditioned in the same manner as specified for the test specimens in 3.1.1.

The methods of determining these properties should be as specified in 3.3.

The reference specimens for sprayed insulating materials should be made when the material is sprayed on the deck panel and they should be sprayed in the overhead position in a manner similar to the deck panel.

2.2.6 Light fittings and ventilation units in ceilings forming the insulating medium for »A« class decks

The Administration may require tests to be carried out on ceiling constructions which incorporate light fittings and ventilation units in order to verify that the fire performance of the ceilings is not impaired by such fittings and units.

2.3 »A« class doors and frames

2.3.1 General

The specimen should be representative of the door and frame to be used on board ships, including the materials and the method of construction.

2.3.2 Materials of construction

The door and frame should be constructed of steel or other equivalent material and insulated as necessary to achive the desired standard of insulation. Door furniture such as hinges, locks, latches, shoot bolts, handles etc. should be constructed of materials having melting points of not less than 950 degrees centigrade.

2.3.3 Erection of the test specimen

.1 The door and frame should always be tested as an assembly. .2 The doorframe should be mounted in an »A« class steel bulkhead in accordance with 2.1.1. The bulkhead stiffeners should be on the unexposed side of the bulkhead and the bulkhead should be insulated on the exposed side with a material approved by the Administration to at least the same standard as that which the door is intended to achieve, e.g. a door of »A«-15' standard should be tested in a bulkhead insulated to at least »A-15« standard. The door which is tested should be the maximum size which is intended to be used on board ships. .3 A door should be tested from the side expected to give the inferior performance. A hinged door is to open away from the fire unless the Administration deems otherwise. .4 A door is not to be locked when tested.

2.3.4 Insulating materials: The following information should be submitted by the manufacturer if the door is insulated: Identification mark and trade name. Principal details of composition. Nominal density at ambient temperature. Specific heat at ambient temperature. Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature. 2.3.5 Drawings: A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer: Dimensions and details of the »A« class bulkhead. Dimensions and details of the door and frame construction including the clearances between the edges of the door and the doorframe. Details of the connection of the frame to the bulkhead. Method of securing insulation and details of materials used for this purpose. Details of fittings such as hinges, shoot bolts, latches, locks etc. 2.3.6 Before the test, the laboratory should determine the actual clearances between the edges of the door and the doorframe after the test specimen has been erected. 2.4 »B« or »F« class bulkheads and linings 2.4.1 Materials: The following information should be submitted by the manufacturer: Identification mark and trade name of the material. Principal details of composition and construction. The panel widths are to be specified. Nominal density at ambient temperature. Specific heat at ambient temperature. Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature. Whether the materials are combustible or non-combustible. 2.4.2 Dimensions: The dimensions of the test specimen should be in accordance with figure 2. The test specimen should be constructed of panels at least one of which is the maximum width which may be used in practice, subject to at least one joint being incorporated. 2.4.3 Drawings: A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer: Panel identification mark and trade name. Measurements and details of joints and materials used. 2.4.4 The testing laboratory should determine the actuel dimensions of the panels and the density and, where applicable, the water and/or binder content of reference specimens of the panels after they have been conditioned in the same manner as specified for the test specimen in 3.1.1. The methods of determining these properties should be as specified in 3.3. 2.5 »B« or »F« class ceilings 2.5.1 General: The test specimen should be suspended from a steel panel constructed in accordance with the structural core of an »A« class deck outlined in 2.2.1. The construction of the ceiling and method of suspension should be representative of the construction and method to be used on board ships. Small viewing and access openings should be provided in the restraint frame or furnace wall between the ceiling and the deck panel in order that observations can be made of the upperside of the ceiling and tests for the penetration of hot gases may be carried out as required by 4.2.2. Such access openings should be provided with suitable covers or plugs. 2.5.2 Materials: The following information should be submitted by the manufacturer: Identification and trade name. Principal details of composition and construction. The panel sizes should be specified. Nominal density at ambient temperature. Specific heat at ambient temperature. Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature. Whether the materials are combustible or non-combustible. Details and dimensions of supporting steel deck panel. 2.5.3 Dimensions: The dimensions of the panels of material from which the ceiling is constructed should be the maximum which are to be used in practice, subject to at least one joint being incorporated. 2.5.4 Drawings: The drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer: Panel identification and trade name. Measurements and details of ceiling joints, suspension and all materials used. Measurements and details of supporting steel deck panel. 2.5.5 The testing laboratory should determine the actual dimensions of the panels and the density, and, where applicable, the water and/or binder content of the reference specimens of the panels after they have been conditioned in the same manner as specified for the test specimen in 3.1.1. The methods of determining these properties should be as specified in 3.3. 2.5.6 Light fittings and ventilation units in »B« or »F« class ceilings: The Administration may require tests to be carried out on ceiling constructions which incorporate light fittings and ventilation units in order to verify that the fire performance of the ceilings is not impaired by such fittings and units. 2.6 »B« class decks 2.6.1 General: This section is for decks constructed of aluminium alloy which are required to meet a B-O standard. Uninsulated intact steel decks meet the requirements of »B« class standard with regard to preventing the passage of flame and therefore satisfy B-O standard. 2.6.2 Dimensions of structurel core: The structural core should be of aluminium alloy having dimensions in accordance with figure 1 and scantlings as follows

Thickness of plating 6.0 plus/minus 0.5 mm Deck beams spaces at 600 mm 150 plus/minus 5 x 100 plus/minus 5 x 9 plus minus 1 mm

2.6.3 Insulating materials: The following information should be submitted by the manufacturer: Identification mark and trade name. Principal details of composition. Nominal density at ambient temperature. Specific heat at ambient temperature. Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature. 2.6.4 Dimensions of panels of insulation material: If the insulation medium consists of panels of a material, the test specimen should be constructed of the panels at least one of which should be of the maximum size which may be used in practice, subject to at least one joint being incorporated. 2.6.5 Drawings: A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer: Details and dimensions of the structural core. Thickness of insulation in way of plating and beams. Method of securing insulation and details of materials used for this purpose. Details of joints, connections and air gaps, if any. 2.6.6 The testing laboratory should determine the actual thickness of the insulating material of the test specimen and the density and, where applicable, the water and/or binder content of reference specimens of the insulating material after they have been conditioned in the same manner as specified for the test specimen in 3.1.1. The method of determining these properties should be as specified in 3.3. The reference specimens for sprayed insulating materials should be made when the material is sprayed on the deck panel and they should be sprayed in the overhead position in a manner similar to the deck panel. 2.6.7 Light fittings and ventilation units in ceilings forming the insulating medium for a »B« class deck: The Administration may require tests to be carried out on ceiling constructions which incorporate light fittings and ventilation units in order to verify that the fire performance of the ceilings is not impaired by such fittings and units. 2.7 »F« class decks 2.7.1 General: The specimen should be representative of the deck to be used on board fishing vessels including the materials and method of construction. 2.7.2 Materials: The following information should be submitted, where applicable, by the manufacturer: Identification marks and trade names of the materials. Principal details of composition and construction. Nominal density at ambient temperature. Specific heat at ambient temperature. Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature. Whether the materials are combustible or non-combustible. 2.7.3 Dimensions: The dimensions of the materials from which the deck is constructed and insulated, if applicable, should be representative of those which are to be used in practice and joints should be incorporated where applicable. 2.7.4 Drawings: A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following, where applicable, should be submitted by the manufacturer: Identification marks and trade names of the materials. Measurements and details of the construction of the test specimen including the deck, beams, insulation and method of securing the insulation, joint and all materials used. 2.7.5 The testing laboratory should determine the actuel dimensions of the components of the test specimen and density of the insulating material, if any. 2.8 »B« or »F« class doors and frames 2.8.1 General: The specimen should be representative of the door and frame to be used on board ships, including the materials and method of construction. 2.8.2 Material of construction

.1 Hinges should be constructed of materials having melting points of not less than 950 degrees centigrade. The remaining door furniture such as locks, latches and handles should be constructed of materials having melting points of not less than 845 degrees centigrade unless it can be shown by the fire test that materials having melting points below 845 degrees centigrade do not adversely affect the performance of the door. .2 The following information should be submitted by the manufacturer: Identification mark and trade name. Principal details of composition and construction. Nominal density at ambient temperature. Specific heat at ambient temperature. Thermal conductivity at ambient temperature. Whether the materials are combustible or non-combustible. 2.8.3 Erection of test specimen: .1 The door and frame should always be tested as an assembly. .2 The doorframe should be mounted as appropriate in a »B« or »F« class bulkhead constructed in accordance with 2.4.2. The bulkhead should be constructed of a material approved by the Administration. .3 A door should be tested from the side expected to give the inferior performance. A hinged door is to open away from the fire unless the Administration deems otherwise. .4 A door is not to be locked when tested.

2.8.4 Drawings

A drawing of the test specimen indicating the following should be submitted by the manufacturer

Dimensions and details of the »B« or »F« class bulkhead as appropriate.

Dimensions and details of the door and frame construction including the clearances between the edges of the door and the doorframe.

Details of the connection of the frame to the bulkhead.

Details of hinges, locks, handles, ventilation louvres, escape panels, etc.

2.8.5 Before the test, the laboratory should determine the actual clearances between the edges of the door and doorframe after the test specimen has been erected.

3 METHOD OF TESTING

3.1 Fire resistance test

This test should be carried out with the specimens mentioned in 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8.

3.1.1 Conditioning of test specimen

Test specimens should be conditioned to approximately constant weight with an atmosphere of a relative humidity of 55 plus/minus 15 pct. and a temperature of 20 degrees centigrade plus/minus 5 degrees centigrade. The duration of conditioning a test specimen should be determined by the time taken for the small reference specimen of the insulating material used in the test specimen to attain approximately constant weight in the above atmosphere. Other reliable methods of verifying that material has reached equilibrium with the specified conditions may be used by the testing laboratory. After conditioning but before testing the temperature of the specimen should not exceed 40 degrees centigrade.

3.1.2 Means of fastening specimens in the furnace

.1 The specimens constructed as indicated in 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 should be mounted in the fornace in such a way as to give an exposed surfase of at least 4.65 square meter and a bulkhead or deck panel lenght of at least 2.44 m. .2 Bulkheads and doors should be tested in a vertical position and decks and ceilings in a horizontal position. .3 A specimen of a construction which is required to withstand fire from either side should be tested from each side if required by the Administration. Where one side of the specimen is expected to give a performance inferior to that of its other side, the Administration may require the specimen to be tested only from that side which is expected to give the inferior performance. .4 A specimen of a deck or ceiling construction should be tested with only the underside of the specimen exposed to the furnace. .5 The specimen should be secured as follows: .5.1 In the case of an »A« class division, or a »B« class deck or ceiling, or an »F« class deck or ceiling, the specimen should be restricted against expansion on all four sides, except if it is intended in service to provide movement for expansion at the edges of a ceiling or at intervals across it in the longitudinal or transverse direction, the test specimen should simulate these conditions. Details of the method of securing and destricting the specimen should be shown in the test report. .5.2 In the case of a »B« or »F« class bulkhead, the specimen should be supported at the top and secured on the vertical sides and at the bottom in a manner representative of the conditions in service. Details of the method of securing the specimen should be shown in the test report. If provision for movement at the edges of a bulkhead is made for a particular construction in service, the specimen should simulate these conditions. .5.3 The method of securing should be such that there is no possibility of misinterpretation of test results of passage of flame and smoke for »A« class divisions and passage of flame for »B« or »F« class divisions at the edges of the specimen when the method of fixing is not the subject of the test. 3.1.3 Furnace control: .1.1 In the case of a specimen size specified in figures 1 and 2, the furnace temperature should be determined by means of four thermocouples of not less than 0.75 mm diameter and not more than 1.5 mm diameter. For specimens larger than specified in figures 1 and 2, additional thermocouples should be provided in the proportion one per 1.25 square meter of the specimen area. In the case of a door assembly, specimen area refers to the entire bulkhead construction with the door fitted. Thermocouples should be uniformly disposed over the specimen area with a spacing between the therocouples in the horizontal and vertical plane, within the range of 0.75 m to 1.25 m. .1.2 The thermocouples should be arranged with each hot junction at such a position that an arc of 100 mm radius described from that junction meets the exposed face of the specimen or any projection. The hot junctions of the thermocouples should not be located at positions within the furnace where they are subject to direct flame impingement. .1.3 The hot junction of the thermocouples may be formed by welding or crimping the ends of the wires. The crimping should be done by using a crimping tip as shown in figure 3. .1.4 Other types of thermocouples may also used to control the furnace temperature. In all cases the response time characteristics of the thermocouples should not be inferior to that provided by a crimped tip thermocouple having a mass of 0.38 g. .1.5 The wires should be insulated from each other by ceramic insulators or similar of not more than 10 mm diameter and the hot junction should project 25 mm from the end of the insulators. The insulated wires should be housed and supported in suitable heat resisting steel tubes (e.g. »Inconel« or chromite) and arranged so that the ceramic or similar insulated portion projects 75 mm. The steel tubes should be sealed and packed with a high temperature insulant or fire clay. A sketch of a thermocouple is shown in figure 4. .1.6 Provision should be made for the steel tubes to be movable in order that the 100 mm spacing may be maintained between the hot junctions of the thermocouples and the test specimen where distortion of the specimen occurs. .1.7 The thermocouple wire should be either continuous to the recording instrument or suitable compensating wire should be used with all junctions maintained as near as possible at ambient temperature conditions. .2 The furnace temperature rises should be continuously controlled so as to follow the standard time-temperature curve within the limits specified in .4 below. .3 The standard time-temperature curve is defined by a smooth curve drawn through the following points measured above the initial furnace temperature: At the end of the first 5 minutes 556 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 10 minutes 659 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 15 minutes 718 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 30 minutes 821 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 60 minutes 925 degrees centigrade .4 The accuracy of the furnace control should be as follows: .4.1 During the first 10 minutes of the test the area under the curve of mean furnace temperature should not vary by more than plus/minus 15 pct. of the area under the standard curve. .4.2 During the first half hour of the test the area under the curve of mean furnace temperature should not vary by more than plus/minus 10 pct. of the area under the standard curve. .4.3 For any period after the first half hour of the test the area under the curve of mean furnace temperature should not vary by more than plus/minus 5 pct. of the area under the standard curve. .4.4 At any time after the first 10 minutes of the test the mean furnace temperature should not differ from the standard curve by more than plus/minus 100 degrees centigrade. .5 Pressure in the furnace: .5.1 An overpressure should exist in the furnace relative to the laboratory during the whole heating period of an »A«, »B« or »F« class test except during the first 5 minutes of the test when the overpressure may be outside the limits specified in 5.2 below. For bulkhead and door assemblies, the overpressure should exist over at least the upper two thirds of the height of the test specimen. .5.2 An overpressure equal to 10 plus/minus 2 pascals (1 plus/minus 0.2 mm water gauge) based on a short period average of rapid fluctuations should be measured and monitored: - in the case of deck and ceiling constructions, at a point 100 mm below the lower surface of the test specimen; and - in the case of bulkheads or bulkheads incorporating door assemblies, at a point located approximately three quarters of the height of the test specimen. 3.1.4 Construction of thermocouples for measuring the temperature on the unexposed side of the specimen (see figure 5): .1.1 Each thermocouple should be of 0.5 mm diameter wires brazed to a copper disc 12 mm in diameter and 0.2 mm in thickness. .1.2 Both wires should be brazed to the same face of the disc, at positions diametrically opposite with an overlap onto the copper disc of at least 4 mm (see figure 5). .1.3 The thermocouples should be covered with an asbestos pad, 30 mm square by 2 mm thick. .1.4 The asbestos pad should have a density of 900 kg/cubicmeter plus/minus 10 pct. and a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W/m/ degrees centigrade plus/minus 10 pct. at 100 degrees centigrade. Other materials with similar thermal properties may be used in place of the asbestos. .1.5 The thermocouple constructional procedure should be as follows: the pad should be drilled to allow the wires to pass through it, the holes being the same diameter as the wire, at positions along a centreline 12 mm apart equally spaced from the edges. The face of the thermocouple disc with wires brazed thereto should be in contakt with the face of the pad thus ensuring a smooth surface for contact with the specimen. No adhesive should be used between the thermocouple and the pad. .1.6 The thermocouple wires should protrude from the pad by at least 150 mm and should be insulated with a woven sleeving of glass or similar fibre. Any other suitable material may be to sheathe the thermocouple wires provided that such material is not likely to become damaged during the test. .1.7 Connection to the measuring instrument should be by wires of similar or appropriate compensating type. .1.8 The thermocouple leads should be supported in such a way that the thermocouples and/or leads do not become disconnected during the test due to their weight or to the distortion of the test specimen. .2 The thermocouples should be fixed to the unexposed surface of the specimen as follows: .2.1 Steel: The asbestos pad with the thermocouple fitted should be bonded to the cleaned surface of the steel using a »water-based ceramic cement« produced by integrating the components to form a high temperature resistant adhesive. The adhesive should be of such a consistency that no mechanical aid is necessary for retention purposes during the drying process, but where difficulty in bonding is experienced, retention by adhesive tape may be employed provided that the tape is removed sufficiently long in advance of the test to allow complete drying of the adhesive. Care is required in the removal of the tape to ensure that the asbestos pad is not damaged. If the thermocouple pad is damaged when the tape is removed then the thermocouple should be replaced. .2.2 Fibrous surfaces: The thermocouples with asbestos pads fitted should be arranged in such a way that if a surface wire mesh is present it may aid retention and in all cases the bond to the fibrous surface should be made using a »contact« adhesive. The nature of the adhesive necessitates a drying time before mating surfaces are put together thus obviating the need for external pressure. .2.3 Site applied wet fibrous spray: Thermocouples should not be fitted until the insulation has reached a stable moisture condition. In all cases the bonding technique for steel should be used and where a surface wire mesh is present the thermocouples should be affixed to the insulation in such a way that the wire mesh aids retention. .2.4 Site applied mineral aggregate spray; The technique specified for wet fibrous spray should be employed. .2.5 Boards of fibrous or mineral aggregate composition: The bonding technique for steel should be used. .2.6 In all cases of adhesive bonding the adhesive should be applied in a thin(* 4) film sufficient to give an adequate bond and there should be a sufficient lapse of time between the bonding of the thermocouples and the test for stable moisture conditons to be attained in the case of the ceramic adhesive and evaporation of the solvent in the case of the content adhesive. .3 Preparation of the surface to receive the thermocouples: .3.1 Steel: Surface finishes should be removed and the surface cleaned with a solvent. Loose rust and scale should be removed by wire brush. .3.2 Irregular surfaces: A smooth surface not greater than 100 square millimeter to provide adequate adhesive bond should be made for each thermocouple by smoothing the existing surface with a suitable abrasive paper. The material removed should be the minimum to provide adequate bonding surface. Where the surface cannot be smoothed, fillings should be used of minimum quantity to provide a suitable surface. The filling should comprise a ceramic cement and when the filled surface is dry it should be smoothed, if necessary, with abrasive paper. 3.1.5 Construction of thermocouples for measuring the temperature of the structural core: The thermocouples should be constructed from wires not greater than 0.75 mm in diameter with the hot junctions formed by welding or crimping (as detailed under 3.1.3). The wires should be untwisted at the junctions and suitable insulated. The structural component should be drilled to receive either the welded junction or the »crimped tip« and the surrounding structural component material peened over to lock the thermocouple in position. The depth of the hole to be drilled in the case of the welded junction or »crimped tip« should be 2 mm. 3.1.6 Flaming on unexposed side of the specimen: Where flaming occurs on the unexposed side of an »A«, »B« or »F« class specimen within the duration of the test, the specimen should be deemed to have failed the test. 3.1.7 Test for penetration of smoke and/or hot gases: The purpose of this test is to indicate whether cracks and openings formed during the test are such that they would lead to the passage of smoke and/or hot gases. .1 Where cracks and openings are formed during the test, an ignition test as prescribed in 4.1.2 and 4.2.2 should take place immediately after the appearance of the cracks or damage followed by similar tests at appropriate intervals. .2 The cotton wool used for the test prescribed in 4.1.2 and 4.2.2 should consist of new., undyed and soft fibres without any admixture of artificial fibres, and it should be free from thread, leaf and shell fibre dust. A suitable material for this purpose is packaged in the form of rolls for surgical use. A pad should be cut measuring 100 squaremillimeter and approximately 20 mm in thickness and weighing between 3 and 4 g. The pad should be oven dried prior to the test and should be attached by means of wire clips to a 100 squaremillimeter frame of 1 mm diameter wire. A wire handle approximately 750 mm in length may be attached to the frame to facilitate its use on the test specimen. .3 When testing for cracks or openings during the test the pad should be held over the crack or opening with the aperture located in the central part of the cotton wool. Each pad should be applied only once. 3.1.8 Temperature observations during test: .1 All observations should be taken at intervals not exceeding 5 minutes. The surface temperatures on the unexposed side of the test specimen should be measured by thermocouples located as follows and indicated in figures 1 and 2: .1.1 Four thermocouples each located approximately in the centre of a quarter section of the test specimen and at least 100 mm clear of any joints. .1.2 One thermocouple located approximately at the centre of the test specimen and at least 100 mm clear of any joints: .1.3 At least one thermocouple placed in way of or as close as possible to each of the central stiffeners in a specimen for an »A« class division; .1.4 At least one thermocouple placed at a joint, if any, at 0.75 height in a specimen of an »A« class division; .1.5 At least one thermocouple placed at a vertical joint at 0.75 height in a specimen of a »B« or »F« class division; .1.6 Additional thermocouples at the discretion of the testing laboratory or Administration for the purpose of determining the temperature at points deemed likely to give a greater temperature rise than any of the thermocouples mentioned in 1.1 and 1.2 above. .2 The surface temperatures on the unexposed side of an »A«, »B« or »F« class door should be measured by five thermocouples located as for a bulkhead in .1.1 and .1.2 above and at least 100 mm clear of the edges of the door, lock and latch boxes and hinges. The Administration may require additional thermocouples to be located in way of or as close as possible to any stiffeners of the door panels. .3 The average temperature rise on the unexposed surface of the test specimen should be obtained as follows: .3.1 For a specimen of an »A« class division or door by the average reading of the thermocouples mentioned in .1.1, .1.2 and .1.3 above. .3.2 For a specimen of a »B« or »F« class division or door by the average reading of the thermocouples mentioned in .1.1 and .1.2 above. .4 Where an Administration requires or permits either an insulating material for »A« class divisions and »B« class decks or a material used in the construction of »B« or »F« class divisions to be tested with a superimposed finish e.g,. a floor covering material which may have a detrimental effect on the performance of the »A« class deck as mentioned in 1.5 and the superimposed finish is combustible, the finish should be removed in way of the position in which the thermocouples mentioned in .3 above are to be placed such that the thermocouples are in contact with the insulating material. This need not be done when the superimposed finish is non-combustible. .5 When testing the specimen with a structural core other than steel, thermocouples should be fixed to the core material in positions corresponding to the surface thermocouples mentioned in .1.1 and .1.2 above to determine the rise in temperature of the core. 3.1.9 Duration of testing: The test should continue for at least one hour for »A« class divisions and doors and one half hour for »B« or »F« class divisions and doors except that in the case of an »A« class division having a steel structural core and where the test is to ascertain the suitability of the specimen to satisfy »A-15« or »A-30« standards, the test may terminate after 15 or 30 minutes whichever is applicable because the steel intact structural core is considered to meet the requirements for »A« class divisions with regard to preventing the passage of smoke and flame (see 1.3). However the test for »A« class divisions having structural cores other than of steel and »A« class doors are not to be similary terminated. 3.1.10 The maximum deflection of an »A«, »B« or »F« class test specimen and additionally in the case of a door, the maximum displacement of each corner of the door relative to the door-frame should be recorded during the test. 3.2 Non-combustibility test 3.2.1 General: The following materials should be required to be classified as non-combustible: .1 insulating materials used in the construction of »A« class divisions and »B« class decks referred to in 2.1.2, 2.2.2 and 2.6.3; .2 materials from which »B« class (non-combustible) divisions are constructed referred to in 2.4.1 and 2.5.2; .3 materials used in the construction of doors used to close openings in either »A« class bulkheads or »B« class (non-combustible) bulkheads refered to in 2.3.4 and 2.8.2. 3.2.2 Method of test: The test used to classify as non-combustible a material mentioned in 3.2.1 should be carried out at a testing establisment recognized by the Administration and independent of the manufacturer of the material in accordance with resolution A.472(XII).(* 5) 3.3 Tests to be carried out on the insulating material by the testing laboratory 3.3.1 The test referred to in 3.3.2, 3.3.3 and 3.3.4 should be carried out on the insulating material of the test specimens or, where applicable, the reference specimens after they have been conditioned as specified in 3.1.1. 3.3.2 Thickness of the insulating material: .1 The thickness of a sprayed insulating material should be measured after conditioning using a suitable probe at positions adjacent to the five thermocouples referred to in 3.1.8.1.1 and 3.1.8.1.2 and at the midpoints between the four thermocouples referred to in 3.1.8.1.1. .2 The thicknesses of panel and mineral wool insulating materials should be measured by using a suitable gauge or calipers. 3.3.3 Density of the insulating material: .1 The density of a sprayed insulating material should be determined from the weight and dimensions of the reference specimen. .2 The density of panel and mineral wool insulating materials should be determined from the weight and dimensions of the panels and slabs or rolls which are to be used in the test specimens. 3.3.4 Moisture and/or binder content of the insulating material: .1 Moisture content At least five samples of the insulating material selected at random, each sample measuring 60 x 60 mm thickness of the material, should be weighed (initial conditioned weight W1) and then heated in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 105 plus/minus 2 degrees centigrade for 24 hours and reweighed (W2) when cooled. However gypsum based, cementatious and similar materials should not be oven dried but should be placed in a dessicator charged with a suitable dessicant at a temperature of 55 plus/minus 5 degrees centigrade and dried to constant weight (W2). The moisture content (W1 - W2) of each sample should be calculated as a percentage of the dry weight (W2). The percentage moisture contents of the samples should be recorded by the testing laboratory. .2 Binder content After the percentage moisture contents have been calculated as specified in .1 above the samples should be further heated in an oven at a temperature of 600 plus/minus 10 degrees centigrade for 24 hours and again weighed (W3). The binder content (W2 - W3) should be calculated as a percentage of the dry weight (W2). The percentage binder contents of the samples should be recorded by the testing laboratory. 4 TEST REQUIREMENTS 4.1 »A« class divisions and »A« class doors: 4.1.1 Thermal insulation: The insulating value of the specimen should be such that the average temperature reading of the thermocouples on the unexposed surface described in 3.1.8.3.1 will not rise more than 139 degrees centigrade above the initial temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point on the surface, including any joint, rise more than 180 degrees centigrade above the initial temperature, during the time specified by the Administration. If »A« class divisions or doors are to be »A-60«, »A-30«, »A-15« or »A-0« standards, the above temperature rise limits should not be exceeded during the time listed below: »A-60« standard 60 minutes »A-30« standard 30 minutes »A-15« standard 15 minutes »A-0« standard 0 minutes 4.1.2 Penetration of smoke and/or hot gases: Cracks and openings which may be formed in »A« class divisions with the structural core other than steel and »A« class doors should not be such as to lead to flaming of a cotton wool test pad as described in 3.1.7 held at distance of approximately 25 mm from the aperture for a period of 30 seconds. If no flaming occurs the pad should be removed and pads applied at intervals not exceeding 5 minutes. Each pad should be applied only once. 4.1.3 Average temperature of structural core: In the case of load-bearing divisions of aluminium alloy, the average temperature of the structural core obtained by the thermocouples described in 3.1.8.5 should not rise more than 200 degrees centigrade above its initial temperature at any time during the test for one hour. Where the structural core is of a material other than steel or aluminium alloy the Administration should decide the rise in temperature which is not to be exceeded during the test for one hour. 4.2 »B« or »F« class divisions and »B« or »F« class doors 4.2.1 Thermal insulation: The insulation value of the specimen should be such that the average temperature reading of the thermocouples on the unexposed surface described in 3.1.8.3.2 will not rise more than 139 degrees centigrade above the initial temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point on the surface, including any joint, rise more than 225 degrees centigrade above the initial temperature during the period specified by the Administration. For combustible »B« class bulkheads and those assembled »B« class bulkheads with a non-combustible core which are referred to in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, chapter II-2, part D, regulation D, regulation 51 (b) and part F, regulation 70(c), the above temperature rise limits should not be exceeded for a period of 30 minutes and this should also apply to »F« class divisions. If non-combustible »B« class divisions are to be »B-15« or »B-O« standard, the above temperature rise limits should not be exceeded during the times listed below: »B-15« standard 15 minutes »B-O« standard 0 minutes 4.2.2 Penetration of smoke and/or hot gases: Cracks and openings which may be formed in »B« or »F« class divisions and doors should not be such as to lead to flaming of a cotton wool test pad as described in 3.1.7 held at a distance of approximately 25 mm from the aperture for a period of 30 seconds. If no flaming occurs, the pad shoulds be removed and pads applied at intervals not exceeding 5 minutes. Each pad should be applied only once. 4.2.3 Average temperature of structural core: In the case of load-bearing divisions of alluminium alloy, the average temperature of the structural core obtained by thermocouples described in 3.1.8.5 should not rise more than 200 degrees centigrade above its initial temperature at any time during the test for one half hour. Where the structural core is of a material other than steel or aluminium alloy, the Administration should decide the rise in temperature which is not to be exceeded during the test for one half hour. B TEST REPORTS 5.1 Reports of »A«, »B« and »F« class tests should contain the following: .1 Name of manufacturer. .2 Name of representative of the Administration present at test; when a test is not witnessed by a representative of the Administration a note to this effect shall be made in the report. .3 Date of test. .4 Purpose of test. .5 Description and drawing of the test specimen. .6 Principal details of components with manufacturer's identification mark and trade names. .7 Measurements of the thickness, density and, where applicable, the water and/or binder content of the insulating material as determined by the testing laboratory. .8 Test conditions. .9 Testing procedure. .10 Observations during test including temperature curves and photographs, if any. .11 Summary of test results including: .11.1 the standard attained; .11.2 either the mean and maximum temperature rises and the core temperature rise, when applicable, recorded at the end of the test or, if the test is terminated due to the limiting temperature rises referred to in 4.1.1, 4.1.3, 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 having been exceeded, the times at which such limiting temperatures were exceeded; .11.3 a sketch showing the dimensions and positions of any cracks in either »A« class insulating materials or the panels or the materials from which »B« class divisions are constructed, or the materials from which »F« class divisions are constructed; .11.4 the maximum deflection of an »A«, »B« or »F« class specimen or the maximum deflection at the centre of an »A«, »B«, or »F« class door and the maximum displacement of each corner of the door relative to the doorframe. 5.2 A report of a non-combustibility test should state, for each specimen of the material which has been tested, the rises in temperature recorded by the thermocouples situated in the furnace, on the surface of the specimen and in the centre of the specimen, the duration in seconds of any flaming and the percentage loss of weight of the specimen.

Diameter of Dimensions of crimping tip (mm) Mass of thermocouple wire crimping tip (mm) Length Width »A« Width »B« (g) 0.75 to 0.8 2 3 2 0.15 1.5 3 6 4 0.38

RESOLUTION A.472(XII)

adopted on 19 November 1981

IMPROVED RECOMMENDATION ON TEST METHOD FOR QUALIFYING

MARINE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AS NON-COMBUSTIBLE

THE ASSEMBLY, RECALLING Article 16(i) of the Convention of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization,

NOTING that Assembly resolution A.270(VIII) entitled »Recommendation on Test Method for Qualifying Marine Construction Materials as Non-Combustible« is referred to in Regulation 3 of Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,

RECOGNIZING the need to improve test procedures for determining whether materials meet the requirements for non-combustible materials as specified in Regulation 3 of Chapter II-2 of that Convention, taking into consideration the continuous improvement in the technology of test equipment and procedures,

HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendation made by the Maritime Safety Committee at its forty-fourth session,

1 ADOPTS the improved Recommendation on Test Method for Qualifying Marine Construction Materials as Non-Combustible, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution, which supersedes the Recommendation annexed to resolution A.270(VIII);

2 INVITES all Governments concerned: .1 To apply the improved Recommendation in complying with the definition contained in Regulation 3 of Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974; .2 To encourage laboratories concerned to provide information for possible further improvement of this Recommendation, in particular by securing data of the final equilibrium furnace and surface temperatures (section 6.3 of the Recommendation);

3 REQUESTS the Maritime Safety Committee to continue in due time work on this subject with a view to further improving the test method.

ANNEX

IMPROVED RECOMMENDATION ON TEST METHOD FOR QUALIFYING MARINE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AS NON-COMBUSTIBLE

1 SCOPE

This document specifies a procedure to be used in assessing materials as meeting the requirements for non-combustible materials as specified in Regulation 3 of Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of life at Sea, 1974.

2 FIELD OF APPLICATION

The test is intended for marine construction materials.

3 SAMPLING

The sample should be sufficiently large to be representative of the material, particularly in the case of non-homogeneous materials.

4 APPARATUS

4.1 Furnace

The furnace consists principally of a tube of an aluminia refractory material having a mass density of 3,000 plus/minus 300 kg/cubicmeter and a height of 150 plus/minus 1 mm, with an inner diameter of 75 plus/minus 1 mm and a wall thickness of 10 plus 2/minus 0 mm.(* 6) The overall wall thickness with applied refractory cement to retain the electrical winding should not exceed 13 mm. The furnace tube is provided with one or more electrical heating coils and is located within an insulated surround, completed with a top and bottom plate of marine board having a thickness of 10 plus/minus 1 mm. To the lower end of the furnace is attached a cone-shaped air flow stabilizer 500 mm long and reducing from a 75 mm internal diameter at the top to a 9 mm internal diameter at the lower end. The stabilizer can be made of steel sheet, approximately 1 mm thick, and should be finished smooth on the inside, particular attention being given to the smoothness and the tightness of the joint with the furnace which should be provided with a refractory fibre sheet seal. The upper half height of the stabilizer should be insulated on the outside with a layer of refractory fibrous felt having a nominal thickness of 25 mm. At the open top of the furnace a draught shield, which may be made of the same material as the stabilizer cone, should be provided having an internal diameter of 75 mm and a height of 50 mm. The draught shield should be insulated on the outside with a layer of the fibrous felt having a nominal thickness of 25 mm. Details of the furnace are shown in the working drawings.(* 7) A general representation of the furnace is shown in figure 1.

4.2 Furnace stand

The furnace is mounted on a stand with a clearance of approximately 250 mm between the floor and the lower end of the stabilizer. This clearance must be protected against disturbance by air currents. An adequate protection can be provided by using shields around the stand to a height of approximately 550 mm from the floor.

4.3 Furnace calibration and control

A calibrating test with the specimen basket and holder removed should be performed on a new furnace or on an existing furnace when so required. The energy input to the furnace should be adjusted so that the furnace thermocouple (see 4.5) gives a steady of 750 degrees centigrade plus/minus 10 degrees centigrade. In stabilized conditions the wall temperature at the furnace should be measured by an optical micropyrometer at intervals of 10 mm on three equally spaced vertical axos. The wall temperature should not vary by more than 50 degrees centigrade over a mid-height length of 100 mm and this should give an average wall temperature of about 850 degrees centigrade. This provides a constant temperature zone for the specimen and can be achieved by having the electric windings spaces as shown in working drawings. Separate windings may optionally be provided at each end of the furnace tube, controlled independently to obtain the constant temperature zone.

To minimize temperature fluctuations in the furnace it is necessary to use a voltage stabilizer in the circuit, able to maintain voltage within plus/minus 5 per cent of the nominal value. Automatic thermostatic control of the furnace is not to be used during test.

4.4 Temperature measurement

Temperatures should be measured by means of insulated sheathed thermocouples having an outside diameter of 1.5 plus/minus 0.1 mm with thermo-electric wires of approximately 0.2 mm diameter. Before using for test, new thermocouples should be aged in the heated furnace atmosphere to slightly oxidize their outer sheaths. The temperature should be recorded by an instrument having a measuring range that corresponds with the temperature changes that occur during the tests. Measurement should be made at intervals of not more than 10 seconds. The electromotive force temperature conversion process of the recording device use should have an accuracy of at least 0.5 per cent, and the thermocouples should have a time constant in the range of 15 to 25 seconds.(* 8)

4.5 Location of thermocouples

Three thermocouples should be used, the furnace thermocouple to measure the furnace temperature, the surface thermocouple to measure the temperature at the surface of the specimen and the specimen thermocouple to measure the temperature in the centre of the specimen. The furnace thermocouple should be located with its hot junction 10 plus/minus 0.5 mm from the wall of the furnace and at the mid-height of the constant temperature zone as defined by the wall temperature (see figure 2). A method of maintaining the correct distance from the wall is by the use of a guide attached to the draught shield. The surface thermocouple should, prior to the test, have its hot junction next to the surface of the specimen at mid-height and be in contact with the specimen. The specimen thermocouple should be located with its hot junction in the centre of the specimen and should be inserted from the top through a hole of 2 mm diameter.

4.6 Specimen holder and insertion device

The specimen is placed in a basket made of nickel-chromium alloy or heat-resisting steel. At the bottom of the holder, a fine metal gauze in heat-resisting steel should be provided. The mass of the basket should be between 6 plus/minus 0.2 g. The holder is suspended from the lower end of an adjustable tube of heat-resisting steel, having an outside diameter of approximately 6 mm and a bore of 4 mm. The specimen insertion device consists essentially of a metallic sliding rod moving freely in a vertical tube fitted to the side of the furnace. The heat-resisting steel tube with the specimen holder is fixed by a space bar to the sliding rod. The design of the insertion device should be such that the specimen can be introduced into the furnace rapidly and without any shock. The inserted specimen should occupy a specified position in the furnace in the middle of the constant temperature zone and equidistant from the walls.

4.7 Specimen viewing device

A mirror should be mounted above the furnace for observation of any evidence of flaming. It should be mounted in such a way that it is possible to view the specimen continuously following insertion.

5 TEST SPECIMENS

5.1 Preparation of specimens

The specimens should be as representative as possible of the average properties of the sample and should be prepared to the size defined in 5.2.

If the thickness of the material is less than 50 mm, the specimen must be made of sufficient layers to achieve the thickness required in 5.2. The layers should occupy a horizontal position and should be held together firmly in the specimen holder. The density of the specimen should be representative of the density of the material.

Materials or composite materials which involve thin surface laminations should be tested without such surface laminates unless otherwise specified by the Administration involved.

For composite materials of a thickness such that a number of layers cannot be put together to give a specimen of the specified size as required in 5.2, the specimen should be prepared to the required thickness by proportionally adjusting the thickness of the different components. The top and bottom faces of the specimen should be the finished faces of the material.

If it is not possible to follow this procedure to prepare the specimen, tests should be performed on the individual components and reported accordingly.

5.2 Number and size

For test purposes, five cylindrical specimens should be prepared as described in 5.1. The nominal dimensions and tolerances for the specimen sizes are as follows

diameter: 45 plus 0/minus 2 mm height: 50 plus/minus 3 mm volumne: 80 plus/minus 5 cubiccentimeter

5.3 Conditioning

The specimens should be conditioned in a ventilated oven maintained at 60 degrees centigrade plus/minus 5 degrees centigrade for at least 20 hours and cooled to ambient temperature in a desiccator prior to the test. The weight of each specimen shall be determined before test.

6 PROCEDURE

6.1 Apparatus

Before starting the test, it is necessary to ascertain that the whole equipment is in good working order - for example, the stabilizer cone is clean, the insertion device is working smoothly, the specimen holder occupies the exact position in the furnace and the furnace thermocouple is accurately located

The equipment should be protected against draughts and not be exposed to direct sunlight or artificial illumination.

The furnace with an empty specimen basket in position (figure 2) should be heated and the furnace temperature stabilized at 750 degrees centigrade plus/minus 10 degrees centigrade. For a minimum period of 10 minutes before the insertion of a specimen and during the test no adjustment should be made in the energy input to the furnace.

6.2 Insertion of specimens

The specimen should be placed in the holder described in 4.6. it should be inserted in the furnace taking not more than 5 seconds for this operation.

6.3 Duration of heating

The heating period commences with the insertion of the specimen in the furnace and should be continued for 20 minutes, or until peak temperatures have been passed.

6.4 Test observations

A record should be made of the temperature readings from the three thermocouples during the heating period and note taken of the occurrence and duration of any sustained flaming. The weight of each specimen after test shall be determined. Sustained flaming shall be taken as continuous presence of flames in the furnace.

6.5 Number of specimens tested

The test is carried out on five specimens, prepared as specified in 5.1 and 5.2.

7 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

7.1 Non-combustibility

A material should be deemed non-combustible, if

.1 the average of the five maximum readings of furnace thermocouples does not show a rise above the initial furnace temperature of more than 50degrees centigrade;(* 9) .2 the average of the five maximum readings of surface thermocouples does not show a rise above the initial furnace temperature of more than 50degrees centigrade;(* 9) .3 the average of all recorded maximum durations of sustained flaming does not exceed 10 seconds; and .4 the average loss of weight for the specimens after test is not more than 50 per cent of the original weight after conditioning.

7.2 Combustibility

If one of the four criteria is not satisfied the material is deemed combustible.

8 TEST REPORT

The test report should include the following information: .1 name of testing body; .2 name of manufacturer of the material; .3 date of supply of the materials and of tests; .4 name or identification mark of the material; .5 description of the material; .6 density of the material; .7 description of the specimens (only for composite material); .8 test method; .9 test results including all temperature curves and observations; .10 designation of the material according to the test criteria specified in section 7.

RESOLUTION A.214(VII)

IMPROVED PROVISIONAL GUIDELINES ON TEST

PROCEDURES FOR PRIMARY DECK COVERINGS

The Assembly,

Nothing Article 16(i) on the Convention on the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly,

Noting also Regulations 41 and 54 and proposed Regulation 105 of Chapter II of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, concerning deck coverings,

Noting further Recommendation 11 of the International Conference on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, concerning fire test procedures,

Recalling Resolution A.165(ES.IV) by which it adopted Provisional Guidelines on Test Procedures for Deck Coverings,

Desiring to improve these Provisional Guidelines,

Having considered the Recommendation by the Maritime Safety Committee at its twenty-second session,

Adopts the Improved Provisional Guidelines on Test Procedures for Primary Deck Coverings as set out at Annex to this Resolution, which supersede the Provisional Guidelines adopted by Resolution A.165(ES.IV),

Invites all governments concern to take appropriate steps to give effect to the Improved Provisional Guidelines as soon as possible,

Requests the Maritime safety Committee to continue its study on this subject,

Authorizes the Maritime Safety Committee to amend the Guidelines if necessary in the light of such study.

ANNEX

IMPROVED PROVISIONAL GUIDELINES ON TEST

PROCEDURES FOR PRIMARY DECK COVERINGS

Foreword

1. The present specification is intended to provide information to Administrations, laboratories and other interested bodies concerning the assessment of requisite properties of primary deck coverings. The work of the Organization in this field has not yet been finalized, and there are certain difficulties in the interpretation of relevant provisions of the 1960 safety Convention. These guidelines provide improved test procedures for deck coverings and supersede those previously formulated in Resolution A.165(ES.IV), but are still of provisional character.

2. The fire resistance aspects of deck coverings or primary deck coverings are mentioned in Chapter II of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, in three distinct situations, namely: (a) in cargo ships over 4,000 gross tons (Regulation 54(c)); (b) in passenger ships (Regulation 41); (c) in future passenger ships (Regulation 105(h)).

3. The test method described in this document is intended to provide guidelines for qualifying primary deck coverings as acceptable with respect to the above referenced requirements. The method described is only applicable to situations in which a fire occurs in the compartment below the deck.

4. When doubts exist relative to the fire hazard characteristics of the upper exposed surface of permanently attached deck coverings, Administrations are encouraged to apply such flammability and other test methods considered necessary for their evaluation.

Application

5. The following considerations should be recognized in application of the described test: (a) The test is only required when the thickness of the material applied directly to the steel plate is equal to or exceeds 5 mm. Thin paint films and bonding agents are exempted from considerations as the material directly applied to the steel plate. (b) In general only the first layer should be tested. However, in case an Administration considers that some substantial difference of fire performance may result from the application of successive layers then the Administration may consider it desirable to perform qualification tests on the complete assembly. (c) The test is required where the fire insulation to be installed is no more than the minimum specified in parts D and H of Chapter II of the 1960 Safety Convention. If additional insulation is provided the Administration may consider the possibility of acceptance of deck coverings on the basis of a complete fire resistance test in which case a separate test for deck coverings need not be superimposed. In any case test considered here should be conducted without the use of insulation below the steel plate specimen.

6. The test equipment and procedures described below are intended for determining whether or not deck coverings »readily ignite«, release excessive smoke and/or exude gases which are toxic or combustible. The methods described are not intended for evaluating the effectiveness of the deck coverings as a portion of the required insulation of an A or B Class division. For this purpose the fire resistance test is required.

7. It is felt that the attention of Administrations should be specially drawn to the nature of the test which simulates a deck with no protection underneath. It is important that Administrations should determine the validity of this procedure before applying it to other situations. When determining the ignitability of deck coverings from a fire source from above a different technique will be required: a simple ignitability or flame spread test would be suitable for this purpose.

Description of specimen

8. The primary deck covering as intended to be tested should be applied to a mild steel plate of a nominal thickness of 5 mm. The overall size of the steel plate should be such that it exceeds the opening of the furnace by 25 mm plus/minus 5 mm on all sides. Three specimens should be prepared for test on each type of deck covering.

Conditions of specimen

9. The test specimens should be conditioned to equilibrium with an atmosphere of relative humidity between 40-70 per cent at a temperature of 20 plus/minus 5 degrees centigrade.

Description of furnace

10. The tests should be performed on a furnace with a rectangular horizontal opening with sides measuring 600 mm plus/minus 100 internally. The internal depth of the furnace should be such as to prevent the direct impingement of flames if any to the underside of the specimens, the depth should not be less than 100 mm in any case.

Measurements of furnace temperature

11. The temperature condition within the furnace during a test should be determined by means of at least three rapid response thermocouples positioned, within the opening along one diagonal, one at the centre and the other two at quarter points. The furnace should be calibrated to ensure as uniform heating as possible. The hot junctions of the thermocouples should be approximately 50 mm from the underside of the deck specimen.

Furnace control

12. The furnace temperature should be continuously controlled so as to follow the standard time/temperature curve starting at room temperature and defined by a smooth curve drawn through the following points: At the end of the first 5 minutes 538 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 10 minutes 704 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 15 minutes 760 degrees centigrade At the end of the first 30 minutes 843 degrees centigrade

The accuracy of the furnace control should be such that the area under the curve of the mean furnace temperature should not vary by more than plus/minus 10 per cent of the area under the standard curve.

Test flame

13. A test flame, 15-20 mm in length, should be used to measure the ignitability of the deck covering. A possible arrangement for a test flame is shown in Figure 1. The flame should be of luminous type produced by the combustion of a hydrocarbon gas. Other suitable means may be employed for the ignition of the gases emitted by the deck covering.

Smoke collection canopy

14. A chamber or canopy for collection of smoke and gases above the specimen should be constructed of steel as defined by the drawings shown in Figures 2 and 3. The number and size of holes as well as the dimensions indicated should be closely complied with. This canopy may be finished with any heat and corrosion resistant finish desired.

Measurement of light obscuration

15. A photometer for measurement of light transmission through the gases collected by the canopy should be constructed as shown by drawings in Figures 2 and 4. The dimensions shown for the light source and detector should be considered typical rather than critical. It is, however, highly recommended that the baffle with an aperture of not larger than 5 mm diameter be used as shown. This device serves to greatly reduce the effects of extraneous light causing errors in transmission measurements. Both the light source and detector enclosures should be constructed in such a manner that smoke cannot accumulate within them.

16. Figure 5 shows the circuit diagram for connexion of the electrical parts of the system. One suitable type of light detector used can be of the vacuum photo emissive type with a spectral response roughly corresponding to that of the human eye (an RCA 1P39 tube has been found suitable). As indicated in Figure 5 the resistive load of this detector may be either a circuit component or a part of the measuring instrument but should remain constant for all ranges of instrument sensitivity.

17. The measuring instrument, not shown, should preferable be of the recording type with provision for rapid easy change of measuring voltage sensitivity over three decades. A recording vacuum tube voltmeter with full scale sensitivity variable in three steps from 0.1 to 10 volts would be adequate for this purpose.

18. The lamp used should be operated at approximately its design voltage although small changes in supply voltage may be made to permit adjustment of full scale indication of the measuring instrument in the absence of smoke. Initial coarse adjustment of output of the photometer circuit may be accomplished either by changes of battery voltage or resistance of the photo detector load circuit.

19. The smoke measurements are reported in terms of optical density.

100 This property is defined as log10 --- where T is the percentage T

fraction of the incident light that is received by the photo detector. The optical density may be obtained directly by plotting the transmission on the cart Figure 6 and interpolating linearly between the indicated optical density shown.

Test procedure

20. The specimen should be placed to close the furnace opening with the deck covering uppermost. Precautions should be taken to prevent escape of gases around the edges of specimen.

21. In arranging the canopy and photometer on the upper surface of the specimen the photometer should be placed to lie across the width or length of the specimen whichever most nearly corresponds to a dimension of 550 mm.

22. Since draughts blowing across the surface of the specimen during a test would seriously influence smoke measurements, precautions should be taken to ensure that such conditions do not occur during a test.

Test of ignitability

23. Two specimens should be tested without using the smoke collection canopy and each test should be of 15 minutes' duration. The test flame specified in paragraph 13 should be applied to the top of the deck covering before the commencement of heating and then at one minute intervals from the first evidence of the evolution of gases from the specimen surface. During each application, the test flame or the other device for the same purpose should be moved over the whole surface of the specimen.

Test for smoke production

24. One specimen should be tested and the test should be of a thirty minute duration. The smoke collection canopy shown in Figures 2 and 3 should be placed in position on top of the specimen. The sensitivity range of the measuring instruments should be changed during the test to maintain the meter deflection at a value greater than 10 per cent of the full scale.

Test for toxic products

25. Spot checks should be made during the test in paragraph 23 to determine the nature of the toxic products given off. During the course of the test in paragraph 24 samples of gases should be taken at intervals from the central top opening of the canopy. These may be analyzed directly by colorimetric gas indicators or by other suitable gas analysis methods.

Observations during test

26. The following observations and records should be made during the tests as appropriate: (a) Time of occurrence of any flaming and its characteristics such as location, duration, height, etc. (b) A record of the variation of light transmission through the canopy during the test. The data should be plotted as optical density on a graph as in Figure 6. (c) A record should be kept of the concentration of toxic products measured during the test.

Assessment of performance

27. The performance of the specimens should be indicated under the following headings: (a) Ignitability The deck covering should be classified as »not readily ignitable« if with neither specimen is there any continuous flaming during the 15 minutes' test. Any flaming continuing for 10 seconds or more after the local application of the test flame should be considered as continuous flaming. (b) Smoke Time of occurrence and duration for which the optical density exceeds values of 1.0 and 2.0 should be given. (c) Toxic gases Type of gases and their concentration should be plotted as a function of time.

(* 1) NU IMO Res. A.517(13)

(* 2) NU IMCO Res. A.472(XII)

(* 3) As defined in the International Convention for the Safety of life at Sea. 1974, chapter II-2, part A and the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977, chapter II except »F« class divisions are definied only in the latter Convention.

(* 4) Thin means the minimum thickness which experience shows to be practical for an adequate bond which ensures that the copper disc in contact with the surface of the test specimen.

(* 5) Improved Recommendation on Test Method for Qualifying Marine Construction Materials as Non-Combustible.

(* 6) Evidence shows that the material used for the refractory furnace tube and its fabrication may influence the experimental results. This part of the furnace should be obtained from the source shown on the drawings and comply with the specifications.

(* 7) Copies of the working drawings of the apparatus may be obtained from the IMCO Secretariat.

(* 8) Time constant is expressed as the time to reach 63.2 per cent of the final temperature value heating in the furnace (750 degrees centigrade).

(* 9) As established before inserting the specimen (see 6.1).