EFTA Scheme for the Reciprocal Recognition of Tests and Inspections carried out on Ships' Equipment (* 1)

EFTA Scheme for the Reciprocal Recognition of Tests and Inspections carried out on Ships' Equipment (* 1)

SCHEME FOR THE RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION

OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS CARRIED OUT

ON SHIPS' EQUIPMENT//In force since 1st January 1971

Revised June 1975

(reprinted September 1977)

Published by

THE EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION

9-11, rue de Varembede, CH-1211 Geneve 20

Table of contents

1. General information on the Scheme

2. The text of the Scheme

3. Appendix: List of Participating Authorities

4. Common requirements for

lifeboat engines

electro-hydraulic steering gear for passenger ships

the design and construction of lifeboat davits and winches

glass-fibre reinforced plastic lifeboats

inflatable life-rafts

lifeboat covers (canopies)

non-portable fire extinguishers

compasses

pilot hoists, performance standards

self-contained breathing apparatus for the use of firemen in ships

totally enclosed lifeboats

gangways and accommodation ladders including platforms

life-jackets

type testing of fire alarm cabinets and electrical component parts for fire alarm and detection systems

COMMON REQUIREMENTS

AGREED BY PARTICIPATING AUTHORITIES

Title Date of In force between entry Participating into force Authorities of

Common requirements 1st October Denmark, Finland,

for lifeboat 1972 Norway, Portugal,

engines Sweden, Yoguslavia 6th November United Kingdom 1972 4th July 1973 Iceland 16th May 1979 Fed.Rep. of Germany 30th May 1979 the Netherlands

Common requirements 1st July 1973 Denmark, Finland,

for electro-hydraulic Iceland, Norway,

steering gear for Portugal, Sweden,

passenger ships United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14th June 1978 the Netherlands

Common requirements 1st July 1973 Denmark, Finland,

for the design and Iceland, Norway,

construction of lifeboat Portugal, Sweden,

davits and wihes United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14th June 1978 the Netherlands

Common requirements 1st July 1973 Denmark,Finland,

for g.r.p. lifeboats Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yougoslavia 30th May 1979 the Netherlands

Common requirements 1 July 1973 Denmark, Finland,

for inflatable life- Iceland, Norway,

rafts Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14 June 1978 the Netherlands

Common requirements 1 May 1974 Denmark, Finland,

for lifeboat covers Iceland, Norway,

(canopies) Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14 June 1978 the Netherlands 16 May 1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany

Common requirements 1 March 1975 Denmark, Finland,

for non-portable Iceland, Norway,

fire extinguishers Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14 June 1978 the Netherlands

Common requirements 1 March 1975 Denmark, Finland,

for compasses Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14 June 1978 the Netherlands 16 May 1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany

Common requirements 1 May 1976 Denmark, Finland,

for pilot hoists, Iceland, Norway,

performance standards Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 14 June 1978 the Netherlands 16 May 1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany

Common requirements 15 June 1976 Denmark, Finland,

for the approval and Iceland, Norway,

testing of self- Portugal, Sweden,

contained breathing United Kingdom,

apparatus for the Yugoslavia

use of firemen in

ships 14 June 1978 the Netherlands 16 May 1979 Fed. Rep. of Germany

Common requirements 20 November Finland, Iceland,

for totally enclosed 1976 Norway, Portugal,

lifeboats Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia 16 May 1978 Denmark 30 May 1979 the Netherlands

Common requirements 20 November Denmark, Finland,

for the design and 1976 Iceland, Portugal,

construction of gang- Sweden,

ways and accom- United Kingdom,

modation ladders Yugoslavia

including platforms

Common requirements 1 November Denmark, Finland,

for life-jackets 1979 the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom 28 May 1980 Yugoslavia

Common requirements 1 December Denmark, Finland,

for type testing of 1984 Iceland, the

fire alarm cabinets Netherlands,

and electrial Norway, Portugal,

component parts for Sweden,

fire alarm and United Kingdom,

detection systems Yugoslavia

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE SCHEME

Since 1st January 1971 the authorities competent to approve or accept ships' equipment in relation to national regulations in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Yogoslavia operate a Scheme for the Reciprocal Recognition of Tests and Inspections carried out on Ships' Equipment. The Netherlands authority became a member of the Scheme on 20th August 1976 and the authority from the Federal Republic of Germany on 8th February 1978. For the purpose of the Scheme, ships' equipment means any equipment, including lifesaving appliances and fire-extinguishing equipment, which is subject to approval or acceptance by a Participating Authority in the Scheme.

The Purpose and principles of the Scheme

The purpose of the Scheme is to facilitate trade in ships' equipment. It allows certain tests and inspections required by a Participating Authority of the importing country to be carried out by a Participating Authority of the exporting country. Exporters are thus saved the cost and time required of having a surveyor from the importing country sent to undertake the tests and inspections in the exporting country or to send samples of the ships' equipment intended for export to the importing country for testing and inspection.

No harmonization of the technical regulations of the countries adhering to the Scheme, nor of their test procedures, is provided for under the Scheme. Any items of ships' equipment to be exported to another country participating in the Scheme have to comply with the requirements of the Participating Authority of that country. The test procedures prescribed by the importing country shall also be followed.

Common requirements

The Participating Authorities have found, however, that the practical application of the Scheme would be facilitated if regulations and provisions which are commonly agreed between the countries adhering to the Scheme, were compiled and published. Such publication would also facilitate the manufacturing of goods for export to other countries adhering to the Scheme. Therefore the Participating Authorities have established »common requirements« for some items of ships' equipment. The common requirements are not international standards. Their purpose is not to replace the national requirements in force in the countries adhering to the Scheme but rather to express the common features, the »least common denominator«, of these national requirements. Therefore common requirements do not preclude a Participating Authority from having other requirements additional to the common requirements. Anyone who intends to avail himself of the facilities of the Scheme is advised to ask the Participating Authority of the importing country if there are any national requirements additional to the common requirements.

How to profit from the facilities offered by the Scheme

A person or enterprise wishing to obtain approval or acceptance of ships' equipment from another country participating in the Scheme or his authorized representative shall, by referring to the Scheme, forward to the Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance he wishes to obtain, designs and specifications in respect of that equipment. He shall also provide details of possible certification of the equipment he is intending to export by the authorities of other countries. The procedure required by the Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance is requested shall be observed. The Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance has been requested will then declare to the Participating Authority which is to undertake the tests and inspections whether the designs and specifications are in accordance with its regulations or are otherwise acceptable to it. The Participating Authority in the importing country whose approval or acceptance is requested may request the Participating Authority in the exporting country to undertake on its behalf inspections of the production facilities of the manufacturer, surveillance of production, inspection and tests of the prototype and issuance of reports, certificates and other documentary materiel to the extent that such tests and inspections are required by the Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance is requested.

The Participating Authority which has carried out these operations shall submit the reports and certificates to the Participating Authority on whose behalf they have been undertaken. The latter will, if satisfied, grant final approval or acceptance of the relevant items of ships' equipment, requesting the other Participating Authority to test, inspect and report on subsequent production of the item of equipment which has been approved or accepted.

It should be noted that the initial inspection of production facilities and inspection and tests of the prototype may be carried out by the Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance is requested.

Fees

The Participating Authority which carries out tests and inspections on behalf of the importing authority may collect from the person or enterprise exporting the equipment such fees and expenses as it deems appropriate to cover the service.

SCHEME FOR THE RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION

OF TESTS AND INSPECTIONS CARRIED OUT

ON SHIPS' EQUIPMENT

The purpose of this Scheme is to facilitate trade in ships' equipment by allowing certain tests and inspections required by a Participating Authority of the importing country to be carried out by another Participating Authority of the exporting country.

Explanation of terms

1. For the purpose of this Scheme

(a) »SHIPS« EQUIPMENT' means any equipment, including life-saving appliances and fire-extinguishing equipment, which is subject to the requirements and approval of or acceptance by a Participating Authority;

(b) »PARTICIPATING AUTHORITY« means the administration in a country which is competent to approve or accept ships' equipment in relation to national regulations and which participates in this Scheme. Participating Authorities are listed in the Appendix.

Submission of designs and specifications

2. A person wishing to export ships' equipment or a person authorized by him shall

(a) under reference to this Scheme, forward to the Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance he wishes to obtain, in accordance with its required procedures, designs and specifications in respect of that equipment together with details of certifications by the authorities of other countries;

and

(b) specify the Participating Authority intended to undertake the tests and inspections.

Approval of designs and specifications; inspections and tests

3. The Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance has been requested shall, without undue delay, declare to the Participating Authority specified in accordance with paragraph 2(b), if it so finds, that the designs and specifications submitted to it are in accordance with its regulations or are otherwise acceptable to it and shall at the same time request the latter Participating Authority to undertake, on its behalf, such of the following operations as it finds appropriate to the facilities of that authority

(a) inspection of the production facilities of the manufacturer;

(b) surveillance of production;

(c) inspection and tests of the prototype;

(d) issuance of reports, certificates and other documentary material.

Reports, certificates and other documentary material

4. The reports, certificates and other documentary material referred to in paragraph 3(d) shall be submitted by the Participating Authority which has carried out the operations to which they relate, to the Participating Authority on whose behalf they have been undertaken. Upon receipt of these reports, certificates and other documentary material the latter Participating Authority shall, if satisfied, grant without undue delay such final approval of the ships' equipment to which they relate as is laid down in its regulations or otherwise indicate its acceptance.

Refusal of final approval

5. Nothing in this Scheme shall prevent the Participating Authority whose approval or acceptance has been requested from refusing final approval to or acceptance of any ships' equipment tested and inspected under this Scheme if it has reason to believe that such equipment is not in conformity with its regulations. Refusal of final approval or acceptance and the reasons therefor shall be notified, without undue delay, to the Participating Authority which has carried out the operations referred to in paragraph 3 above.

Participation by other authorities

6. (a) This Scheme is open for participation by an administration in another country which is competent to approve or accept ships' equipment in relation to national regulations (requesting authority). Requests for participation expressing willingness to accept this Scheme, together with a description of the regulations governing approval of designs and specifications, inspections and tests, shall be addressed to the Secretary-General of EFTA who shall notify this to all Participating Authorities.

(i) If the requesting authority is situated in a contracting party to the GATT, its participation in this Scheme shall take effect three months after the requests has been received by the Secretary-General.

(ii) If the requesting authority is not situated in a contracting party to the GATT, its participation in this Scheme requires the consent of all Participating Authorities. The notification of consent shall be transmitted to the Secretary-General through the respective Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The participation shall take effect three months after the Secretary-General has received notification of consent from all the Participating Authorities.

(iii) The date on which the participation in the Scheme takes effect in relation to the requesting authority shall be notified by the Secretary-General to all Participating Authorities and the requesting authority.

(b) A Participating Authority may, having regard solely to the technical competence and reliability of the requesting authority, notify the Secretary-General within two months after this participation became effective, that it will not accept the tests carried out by the requesting authority or specify the conditions under which it will accept their tests. The absence of such notification shall not prejudice any of the rights of the Participating Authorities provided for under this Scheme. Should the content of any such notification be considered unsatisfactory by the requesting authority it shall be free to withdraw from the Scheme with immediate effect.

(c) The Secretary-General shall amend the Appendix in accordance with notifications received and forward them to all Participating Authorities.

Amendments

7. This Scheme may be amended by mutual agreement between the Participating Authorities.

Consultations between Participating Authorities

8. Representatives of the Participating Authorities shall meet from time to time to discuss matters of common interest relating to the operation of this Scheme.

9. Such meetings shall be convened by the Secretary-General of EFTA whenever necessary, but at least once a year or upon request in writing indicating the reason for the meeting from two or more Participating Authorities in different countries.

Establishment of common requirements

10. In order to facilitate the application of this Scheme Participating Authorities may establish common requirements for items of ships' equipment.

11. A common requirement shall not preclude a Participating Authority from having other requirements additional to the provisions therein. Common requirements may be amended by general agreement of the Participating Authorities concerned.

12. A Participating Authority may at any time withdraw from a common requirement by notification to the Secretary-General. Any Participating Authority wishing to withdraw shall whenever practicable give reasonable notice to the other Participating Authorities of its intention to do so. The common requirement shall continue to apply as between those Participating Authorities which have not withdrawn from it.

13. The Secretary-General shall notify all Participating Authorities of the common requirements as well as of any amendments and withdrawals, and, from time to time, circulate a list of the requirements so far issued.

Withdrawal

14. A Participating Authority may withdraw from this Scheme by giving six months' notice in writing to the Secretary-General, who shall notify all other Participating Authorities. On withdrawal of a Participating Authority the Secretary-General shall revise the Appendix and circulate it to each Participating Authority.

SCHEME FOR THE RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF TESTS

AND INSPECTIONS CARRIED OUT

ON SHIPS' EQUIPMENT

APPENDIX

LIST OF PARTICIPATING AUTHORITIES

DENMARK Direktoratet for Statens Skibstilsyn (The Danish Government Ships Inspection Service) Snorresgade 19 DK-2300 København S Tel.: 1-547131 Telex 31141

FINLAND Merenkulkuhallitus (National Board of Navigation)P.O. Box 158 SF-00141 Helsinki 14 Tel.: (90) 18081 Telex 121471

GERMANY Fed.Rep. of See-Berufsgenossenschaft (Board of Ships' Safety and Social Security) Reimerstwiete 2, D-2000 Hamburg 11 Tel.: 361371 Telex 02-11084

ICELAND Siglingamalastofnun rikisins (State Directorate of Shipping) Hamarshus Tryggvagoetu P.O. Box 484 Reykjavik Tel.: 258 44 No telex

NETHERLANDS Nederlandse Scheepvaartinspectie (Netherlands Shipping Inspection) Directoraat-general Scheepvaart en Maritieme Zaken (Directorate General Shipping and Maritime Affairs) Bordewijkstraat 4, P.O. Box 5817 NL-2280 HV Rijswijk (Z.H.) Tel.: 070-949420 Telex 31040

NORWAY Sjøfartsdirektoratet (Norwegian Maritime Directorate) Thv. Meyersgt. 7 P.O. Box 8123 N-Oslo Dep. Tel.: 350250 Telex 76997

PORTUGAL Inspeccao-Geral de Navios (General Inspectorate of Shipping) Secretaria de Estado da Marinha Mercante Av. Barsilia P-1300 Lisboa Tel.: 66 95 03 Telex 18533

SWEDEN Sjoefartsverket Centralfoervaltning (National Swedish Administration of Shipping and Navigation) Slottsgatan 82 FACK S-601 78 Norrkoeping Tel.: 011/19 10 00 Telex 64380

UNITED KINGDOM Department of Transport Marine Directorate Sunley House 90 High Holborn GB-London WC1V 6LP Tel.: 01-405 6911 Telex 2640 84

YUGOSLAVIA Jugoslavenski Registar Brodova (Yugoslav register of shipping) Marasovica 67 P.O. Box 257 YU-58000 Split Tel.: (058) 48 955 Telex 26129

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFEBOAT ENGINES

In force since 1st October 1972

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

As SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 9(a)(i)-(iii).

2. STARTING ARRANGEMENTS

2.1 Starting mechanism

Hand starting or an approved starting device. Crank handles shall disengage automatically when the engine starts.

2.2 Standard starting

At -1 degrees C direct by handcrank and/or other mechanical devices.

2.3 Cold temperature starting

Lifeboat engines required to start and operate at temperatures below -1 degrees C may be fitted with special starting aids.

3. RUNNING COMDITIONS

3.1 Running capability when submerged to centre line of crankshaft.

3.2 Running capability at 10 degrees list either way and for 10 degrees trim either way.

4.ENGINE CASING

Fire-resistant; sufficient ventilation for air-cooled engines.

5. FUEL TANKS AND FITTINGS Substantially constructed; securely fixed; suitable arrangements for filling, vapour venting and relief; no soft solder for tightness of tank, fittings and piping; external anti-corrosion protection of steal tanks; tank tested to 4 m head of water; cock at tank end af fuel pipe; piping and fittings of steel, copper, bronze or other suitable incombustible material.

6. COOLING WATER PUMPS

Self-priming; not damaged by being run dry for 5 min (boat in davits).

7. INLET AND EXHAUST PIPE

7.1 Inlet and exhaust to terminate at sufficient height; inlet to be protected against ingress of water.

7.2 Insulation or cooling required for hot parts of exhaust pipe.

8. FENCING OF MOVING PARTS

Adequate protection to be provided.

9. DETAILED MATERIAL AND DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATIONS

Participating Authorities may accept the detailed material and dimensional specifications of recognized classification societies.

10. SPARES

Box of spare parts, tools and instruction book to be provided.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC

STEERING GEAR FOR PASSENGER SHIPS

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. The table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

4.2 7,0 MPa 71,4 kp/sq.cm 1015 lbf/sq.in

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC

STEERING GEAR FOR PASSENGER SHIPS

In force since 1st July 1973

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL

Electro-Hydraulic steering gears shall comply with the requirements of SOLAS, Chapter II - 1.

2. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STEERING GEARS

2.1 Steering gears shall be provided with devices for the relief of excessive pressure.

2.2 An efficient locking or braking arrangement shall be fitted to keep the rudder steady in the event of an accident or when a change of gear is required. Such arrangements may be omitted if the steering gear is of a self-locking type.

2.3 Steering gears shall be arranged as necessary with means for stopping the gear before the rudder stops are reached.

2.4 Indicators showing when the power units of the steering gear are running shall be provided and arranged in suitable positions on the navigating bridge and in the machinery space or machinery control room.

2.5 Fluids used in the hydraulic systems of steering gears shall, when necessary, be non-freezing.

3. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO AUXILIARY STEERING GEAR

3.1 The strength of the principal components of auxiliary steering gear shall be not less than would be required for a main steering gear, assuming the ships' speed to be not less than 12 kn.

3.2 Power operated auxiliary steering gear shall be capable of putting the rudder over from 20 degrees on either side to 20 degrees on the other side in 60 s at half full speed or 8 kn whichever is the greater.

4. SURVEY

4.1 Survey of steering gears during construction shall include material tests of the principal forgings, steel castings and piping systems.

4.2 Survey of steering gears during construction shall include hydraulic tests on the various parts of the hydraulic system. The hydraulic test pressure shall not be less than 1,5 times the pressure at which the relief valve is set to lift; however, the test pressure need not exceed the maximum working pressure by more than 7,0 MPa.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION OF LIFEBOAT DAVITS AND WINCHES

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for the units of lenght the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

2.1 75 kg 75 kg 165 lb

3.6 1500 kg 1500 kg 3307 lb

4.4 0,3 m/s and 0,3 m/s and 1 ft/s and 0,6 m/s 0,6 m/s 2 ft/s

8.1 1000 kg 1000 kg 2200 lb 0,3 m/s 0,3 m/s 1 ft/s

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION OF LIFEBOAT DAVITS AND WINCHERS

In force since 1st July 1973

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL

1.1 Requirements of SOLAS Chapter III regulations 29 and 36 to be applied.

1.2 Gravity, luffing and single arm davits with appropriate winch gear are considered.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1 Working load of davits is sum of weight of boat, equipment, blocks and fall and maximum number of persons which the lifeboat is deemed fit to carry, the mass of each being taken to be 75 kg.

2.2 Working load of winch is maximum load when lowering, hoisting, or stowing but not less than working load of davits divided by velocity ratio of tackle.

3. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DAVITS

3.1 Calculated combined stresses to result in factor of safety at least 4.5 on U.T.S. of material. To be based on least favourable list and trim conditions as stated in 1.1.

3.2 Minimum material thickness 6 mm. Adequate protection against corrosion required.

3.3 Certification of material quality to be provided.

3.4 Gravity davits require positive turning out moment during whole davit travel with vessel upright and listed up to 25 degrees either way.

3.5 Trackways to be inclined at not less than 30 degrees to the horizontal.

3.6 The working load of any single arm davit shall not exceed 1500 kg.

4. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR WINCHES

4.1 Calculated factor of safety not less than 4,5 on U.T.S. of material.

4.2 Certification of material quality to be provided.

4.3 Fleet angle not more than 5 degrees for grooved drums and 3 degrees for ungrooved drums.

4.4 Hand brake and automatic brake required. Automatic brake to control speed of descent between 0,3 m/s and 0,6 m/s.

4.5 Hand recovery required. Crank handles not to be rotated when boat is lowered or hoisted by power. Facility to manually unwind falls required.

5. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR BLOCKS ETC.

5.1 Factor of safety of at least 5 based on the U.T.S. of materials used for blocks. Sheave diameter at least 12 times rope diameter.

5.2 Links, chains and shackles to be of steel and manufactured to appropriate national code. A factor of safety of at least 5, based on breaking strenght, must be ensured.

5.3 Breaking strenght of wire rope not less than 6 times maximum load on rope. Test certificate required for wire rope falls.

6. TESTS OF DAVITS AT MANUFACTURERS WORKS

6.1 Prototype gravity davits shall be tested on a tilting platform. The tests shall provide for

(a) 15 degrees list with 10 degrees trim, and

(b) 25 degrees list with no trim.

These tests to be carried out using a load which simulates the weight supported by the davits when turning out the lifeboat, together with its equipment, blocks and falls from the stowed position. Thus in a two arm davit set each arm is to be loaded with one-half such a load.

6.2 Every davit with its arm at full out-reach shall be capable of withstanding a static load test of not less than 2.2 times that part of the working load supported by the arm. This test to be carried out in upright and no trim condition. Deflection of davit structure to be measured.

6.3 Proof test on horns not less than 2.5 times their working load.

6.4 Proof test on lower fall blocks not less than 2.5 times working load on block.

7. TESTS OF WINCHES AT MANUFACTURERS WORKS

7.1 Prototype winches to receive extended test programme including braking tests at 1.5 times working load and multiple lowering tests at 1.0 times working load totalling at least 45 m.

7.2 All winches to lower and be capable of holding 1.5 times working load on the winch brake. Minimum load to overcome winch resistance to measure.

8. RECOVERY OF EMERGENCY BOATS

8.1 Strenght and testing of recovery strops, hanging off pendants and davit structure to be based on working load of mass of lifeboat, equipment and provisions, plus 1000 kg. Speed of hoisting shall not be less than 0,3 m/s.

8.2 Factor of safety of at least 6 based on breaking strenght of strops or pendants. Factor of safety of at least 4.5 on hanging off pendant attachment. Factor of safety of 4.5 on davit structure when hanging off boat with ship trimmed up to 10 degrees and listed up to 15 degrees either way.

9. TESTS AFTER INSTALLATION ON BOARD SHIP

9.1 Shipboard tests to be to satisfaction of the Participating Authority of the country of registry.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR GLASS FIBRE

REINFORCED PLASTIC (G.R.P.) LIFEBOATS

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for the units of length the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

3.3 900 g/sqm 900 g/sqm 2.94 oz/sqft

7.2 7,72 MPa 78,6 kp/sqcm 1120 lb/sqin

Appendix

1 75 kg 75 kg 165 lb

6 600 g/sqm 600 g/sqm 1,96 oz/sqft

Appendix II 600 g/sqm 600 g/sqm 1,96 oz/sqft

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR GLASS FIBRE

REINFORCED PLASTIC (G.R.P.) LIFEBOATS

In force since 1st July 1973

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

These requirements deal with matters of design and construction of glass reinforced plastic lifeboats. Reference should be made to SOLAS Chapter III Regulations 5 - 7 for general requirement for lifeboats.

1. CONSTRUCTION

1.1 General

In all forms of G.R.P. construction a glass scrim cloth or surfacing tissue or woven cloth shall be applied to the gel coat. All air must be excluded between the layers.

1.2 Hand lay-up

When hand lay-up is employed as a general rule, each layer of glass reinforcement shall be applied and impregnated separately. In no case, however, shall more than two layers at a time be applied and the scrim cloth or surfacing tissue shall always be applied separately.

Each layer of reinforcement is to be thoroughly impregnated with resin and consolidated before applying the next layer.

The butts and laps of successive layers shall be well staggered and each mat shall overlap the adjacent mat by at least 25 mm. The time between successive laminating operations must not exceed the maximum interval recommended by the resin manufacturer.

Before applying each mat it shall be ensured that the surface is clean and free from dust.

1.3 Spray lay-up

Where it is proposed to deposit resin and glass reinforcement by the spray gun method the boat builders shall first apply to the Participating Authority of the importing country for approval.

The completed lay-up shall be tested for thickness by non-destructive methods, infra-red methods are not to be employed.

The Participating Authority must be satisfied that the process is such that the correct resin to glass ratio is maintained.

2. COMBUSTIBILITY - SELF-EXTINGUISHING PROPERTIES

2.1 General

The Participating Authority shall be satisfied that the materials used in the completed lay-up provide for self-extinguishing properties. The test method to be used for ensuring that this requirement is complied with may be as at Appendix II or any other equivalent test method.

3. RESINS AND GLASS FIBRE REINFORCEMENTS

3.1 General

Resins and glass fibre reinforcements shall be of a type suitable for boatbuilding application and approved by the Participating Authority for use in lifeboat construction.

3.2 Resins

Resins shall be suitable for laminates which will be subjected to stress at temperatures within the range +66 degrees C to - 30 degrees C. Resins shall conform with the requirements of the Participating Authority or British Standard 3532 »Specification for unsaturated polyestor resin systems for low pressure fibre reinforced plastics«, except that the maximum absorption of cast resin, determined by Test Method 502G of BS 2782, must not exceed 16,5 mg. The Participating Authority may accept equivalent national or international standards.

3.3 Glass fibre reinforcements

Glass fibre reinforcements shall be of the low alkali »E« glass type viz. containing less than 1 per cent alkali. Chopped strand mats shall be used for the main lay-up and shall not exceed a nominal mass per unit area of 900 g/sqm and shall be finished so as to provide good resin to glass adhesion and laminated wet strenght. Woven cloths, rovings and tapes may at the discretion of the Participating Authority be used for parts of the lifeboat which are considered to be suitable for their application.

Where woven glass fibre reinforcements are used those shall be supplied in the desired state and finished so as to provide good resin to glass adhesion and laminated wet strength retention.

Glass fibre reinforcing materials shall conform with the requirements of the following British Standard Specifications, or other national or international standards approved by the Participating Authority.

BS 3496 - »Glass fibre chopped strand mats for the reinforcement of polyester resin systems«.

BS 3396 - »Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement«

Part 1 Loom state fabrics

Part 2 Desized fabrics

Part 3 Finished fabrics for use with polyester resin systems.

BS 3691 - »Glass fibre rovings for the reinforcement of resin systems«.

BS 3749 - »Woven glass fibre rovings fabrics for the reinforcement of polyester resin systems«.

4. LAMINATES

Fillers such as pigments may be added, the quantity excluding fire retarding agents must not exceed 10 parts by weight to 100 parts of resin. The fillers used must be as recommended by the resin manufacturers and approved by the Participating Authority. The glass content of the laminate shall not be less than 25 per cent or greater than 35 per cent by weight, or such higher percentage as may be agreed between the resin manufacturer, the boat-builder and the Participating Authority.

5. INSERTS

The Participating Authority may allow wood or metal inserts subject to precautions being taken to prevent penetration of moisture.

6. BUOYANCY

6.1 Buoyancy materials (other than metal air cases)

The Participating Authority is to be satisfied regarding water absorption, fire resistance, the gases given off on combustion and the compatability with other materials of construction, as well as regarding the resistance to the following

(a) Crude oil

(b) Fuel oil

(c) Diesel oil

(d) Benzine

(e) Kerosene

6.2 Internal byoyancy

The volume of buoyancy required to be fitted to ensure that the boat is inherently buoyant before the addition of buoyancy equal to at least one-tenth the cubic capacity of the boat is to be assessed taking into account the specific gravity of the materials used in the construction of the boat and the specific gravity of the buoyancy material.

The Participating Authority may accept other methods of assessing the buoyancy provided that the volume so assessed is sufficient to ensure inherant buoyancy before the addition of buoyancy equal to at least one-tenth the cubic capacity of the boat.

7. STANDARDS OF STRENGTH

7.1 General

The Participating Authority may define a standard of strength or may accept a method of construction specifying a minimum hull thickness.

7.2 Strength calculation

Where a Participating Authority requires strength calculations these shall be submitted by the boatbuilder and shall estimate the stresses which will arise in the gunwale and keel when the lifeboat is fully loaded and suspended by the lifting hooks. For the purpose of this calculation, the bending moment shall be taken as WL/6 where W is the weight of the fully laden lifeboat including person, stores and equipment, and L is the distance between the lifting hooks. Stresses should not normally exceed 7,72 MPa.

8. TESTS

8.1 Degree of cure

The degree of cure test detailed in Appendix I shall be carried out when required by the Participating Authority.

8.2 Completion

The completed prototype boat or other boats as may be decided by the Participating Authority shall be subjected to the following tests as detailed in Appendix I (1 - 6 inclusive)

(a) Strength test

(b) Stability test

(c) Rowing and manoeuvrability tests (including full complement of persons)

(d) Speed and manouvrability of motor and hand propelled lifeboats (including full complement of persons)

(e) Watertightness test.

9. APPROVAL OF FACILITIES FOR MANUFACTURE

9.1 General

The Participating Authority shall be satisfied that the premises used for manufacture are suitable and the personnel are properly trained.

9.2 Premises

The moulding shop shall be suitably constructed to maintain an appropriate temperature and arrangements shall be provided for controlling humidity at a suitably low level. Undue draughts from windows and doors shall be avoided and the entry of direct sunlight shall be eliminated in areas where resins are being mixed and used.

9.3 Storage of material

Materials used in laminates shall be carefully stored under the conditions recommended by the manufacturers and used as directed within the stated limits. Resins, catalysts and accelerators shall be stored in a dry, cool place. In hot climates or during hot weather the use of refrigerated storage may be necessary. Glass reinforcing materials and fillers shall be stored in a dry place.

9.4 Inspection during manufacture

The Participating Authority shall maintain a sufficient and satisfactory process of inspection during manufacture. Such inspection shall supplement the quality control and inspection provided by the boatbuilder.

APPENDIX I

TESTS

1. STRENGTH TEST

The prototype of each size and design is to be tested as follows

The unloaded lifeboat is to be placed on blocks, or suspended from the lifting hooks, and sights adjusted. It is then to be loaded with weights evenly distributed and representing the full complement of persons at 75 kg per person, the equipment and incrementally overloads of 25 per cent, 50 per cent, 75 per cent and 100 per cent the total mass.

Weights shall be so disposed as to represent the loading of the lifeboat in its service condition, but they need not be placed 305 mm above the seats to represent the centre of gravity of the seated persons. The weights for the various overloads shall be correspondingly disposed. For this reason, testing by filling with water is not to be accepted as this method does not give the proper disposition of weight.

If a motor or a mechanically propelled lifeboat is selected for testing, such parts of the machinery as may be considered necessary shall be removed for the tests in order to avoid damage to them. Weights shall be added to the lifeboat to compensate for the removal of such items.

Measurement at full load, 25 per cent, 50 per cent, 75 per cent and 100 per cent overloads shall be recorded as follows

(a) Deflection of keel amidships

(b) Change in length as measured between the top of stem and stern posts

(c) Change in breadth over the gunwale midships and at 1/4 length

(d) Change in depth measured from gunwale to keel. The keel deflection and change in breadth at (a) and (c) above must not exceed 1/400 part of the lifeboat's length when the lifeboat is subjected to 25 per cent overload and the results at 100 per cent overload shall be approximately in proportion to those obtained at 25 per cent overload.

For example, for a deflection of the keel or gunwale at 25 per cent overload of say 16 mm the deflection of the keel or gunwale at 100 per cent must not exceed approximately

16 x 200 -------- = 25 mm 125

Any permanent deflection as a result of these tests shall be recorded. Such measurements shall be taken after a suitable lapse of time sufficient to permit the G.R. P. construction to recover to its original form i.e. approximately 18 h.

2. STABILITY AND FREEBOARD

An inclining experiment shall be carried out with the lifeboat loaded with weights representing the full complement of seated persons and the equipment, the centre of gravity of the persons being taken at 305 mm above the seats which they occupy. The minimum standard for transverse metacentric height acceptable for lifeboats of not less than 7,31 m in length in this condition is as follows

GM (metres) = 0,05B2 minus 0,05B plus 0,2 Where B = Breadth of lifeboat in metres B2 B 0,65 Or GM (feet) = -- minus -- plus 65 20 Where B = Breadth of lifeboat in feet

The GM for lifeboats equal to or greater than 4,9 m and less than 7,31 m shall be to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

The minimum freeboard when loaded shall be not less than 6 per cent of the regulation lenght of the boat and not less than 0,44 D (where D is the depth).

3. ROWING AND MANOEUVRABILITY TESTS

If the lifeboat is oar propelled, it is to be tested for rowing and sailing when loaded with the equipment and the full complement of persons, each wearing a life-jacket.

4. SPEED AND MANOEUVRABILITY OF MOTOR AND HAND PROPELLED LIFEBOATS

Speed and manoeuvrability tests shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

5. WATERTIGHTNESS TEST

The prototype lifeboat is to be complety watertight after floating in the full loaded condition for at least 2 h.

6. DEGREE OF CURE

Before the boatbuilder builds his first G.R.P. lifeboat he may be required to prepare a sample lay-up for assessment of degree of cure by an authority acceptable to the Participating Authority. This sample lay-up shall be flat, 305 mm square and made with three 600 g/sqm (or equivalent) chopped strand mats: the chopped strand mats, the resin mix, the resin/glass ratio, gel coat and the curing conditions for this sample lay-up shall be proposed for the lifeboat.

APPENDIX II

SELF-EXTINGUISHING LAY-UP

The specimen used for this test shall be cut from a sample lay-up made as follows

This sample lay-up shall be flat, 305 mm square and made with three 600 g/sqm (or equivalent) chopped strand mats; the chopped strand mats, the resin mix, the resin/glass ratio, gel coat and the curing conditions for this sample lay-up shall be as proposed for the lifeboat.

This self-extinguishing property shall be imparted to the whole of the lay-up including the gel coat: to achieve this, either a self-extinguishing resin acceptable to the Participating Authority as supplied by the resin manufacturer may be used, or fire retarding agents may be added by the boatbuilder to the non-self-extinguishing resin which shall also be of a type acceptable to the Participating Authority.

Three test specimens, each approximately 152 mm long by 13 mm wide shall be used for this test, and shall be tested in a draught free atmosphere. Each specimen shall be marked by scribing a line 15 mm from one end. The other end shall be clamped in a support so that the longitudinal axis of the specimen is horizontal and the transverse axis inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal. Under the test specimen there shall be clamped a piece of clean wire gauze (18 meshes per 25 mm or linear inch) about 127 mm square in a horizontal position 6 1/2 mm below the edge of the specimen and with about 13 mm of the specimen extending beyond the edge of the gauze. A bunsen burner (1 mm minimum outside diameter) with a luminous flame 13 mm to 19 mm in height shall be placed under the free end of the specimen. At the end of 30 s the bunsen flame shall be removed and the specimen allowed to burn. If the flame on the specimen is extinguished before reaching the 25 mm mark, the burner shall again be placed under the free end for a second period of 30 s immediately following the extinction of the first flame.

If the flame is again extinguished before reaching the 25 mm mark on each of the three test specimens, the lay-up from which the specimens have been cut shall be regarded as self-extinguishing.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR INFLATABLE LIFE-RAFTS

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for the units of length the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

3.5 96 cubdm 96 cubdm 3.4 cubft

3.6 96 cubdm 96 cubdm 3.4 cubft

3.7 0,372 sqm 0,372 sqm 4 sqft

3.13 10 KN 1020 kp 2250 lbf 5 KN 510 kg 1125 lbf

4.4 8,6 MPa 87,7 kp/sqcm 1250 lbf/sqin 65 N 6,63 kp 14.5 lbf

4.5 12,5 MPa 127,5 kp/sqcm 1800 lbf/sqin 21 MPa 214 kp/sqcm 3025 lbf/sqin 4,2 MPa 43 kp/sqcm 605 lbf/sqin

5.5 1 cubdm 1 l 0.22 gal

7.10 75 kg 75 kg 165 lb

7.14 37,8 cubdm/s 37,8 cubdm/s 500 gal/min

7.17 75 kg 75 kg 165 lb

7.18 75 kg 75 kg 165 lb

8.1(a) 0,4 kPa/degC 0,004 kp/sqcm/degC 0.03 lbf/sqin/degF

8.1(b) 0,18 kPa 0,018 kp/sqcm/degC 0.25 lbf/sqin/degF

8.1(c) 0,13 kPa 0,013 kp/sqcm/degC 0.18 lbf/sqin/degF

8.1(f)(ii) 0,35 kPa 356 mm H2O 14 in water gauge 75 Pa 77 mm H2O 3 in water gauge

8.1(f)(iii) 0,25 kPa 255 mm H2O 10 in water gauge 50 Pa 51 mm H2O 2 in water gauge

8.3 75 kg 75 kg 165 lb

9 2,2 kN plus 0,4 kN 225 kp plus 47 kp 500 lbf minus minus plus 103 lbf minus

10.5 plus 14 g plus 14 g plus 0.5 oz minus minus minus 56 g 56 g 2 oz 1,1 kg 1,1 kg 2.4 lb 28 g 28 g 1 oz

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR INFLATABLE LIFE-RAFTS

In force since 1 July 1973

(Amended September 1976 and September 1984)

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA (SOLAS) REQUIREMENTS

The SOLAS requirements for inflatable life-rafts are specified in Chapter III Regulations 15 and 17.

2. SUBMISSIONS

Prototype life-rafts must be constructed in accordance with the plans and specifications submitted and subjected to the tests required in paragraph 7.1.

3. CONSTRUCTION

3.1 General

The life-raft must be of sufficiently robust construction to remain afloat when fully laden for 30 days under extremes of temperature likely to be encountered at sea anywhere in the world and in all sea conditions, without such deterioration as would involve any loss of seaworthiness. The life-raft must be so constructed that when inflated and floating with the cover uppermost it will be stable in a seaway.

All material and components used in the construction of a life-raft, its accessories and container must be able to withstand world-wide seagoing climatic conditions as mentioned in the preceding sub-paragraph. A life-raft and its accessories when stowed in the life-raft container must be resistant to the effect of humidity and all materials, e.g. fabrics, cordage, webbing and thread, must be rot proof or rot proofed by an acceptable method.

The life-raft assembly must be able to withstand weather deck stowage on board ship with a minimum of protection to the operational valise or container.

3.2. Fabrics

The fabrics used in the construction of inflatable life-rafts must be

(a) gas holding at the maximum pressure encountered during inflation, where used for inflatable chambers;

(b) waterproof; that used for the inner lining of the canopy may be water repellent;

(c) resistent to tearing and chafing, in each case to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority;

(d) able to withstand a tensile stress equivalent to at least 4 times the hoop stress which will be induced in the gas inflated tubes at the opening pressure of the safety valves.

All fabrics used in the construction of life-rafts must be manufactured in accordance with the accepted specifications under a supervision acceptable to the Participating Authority of the importing country and be certified accordingly. For this purpose fabric proofers should obtain »type approval« in respect of the specifications accepted by the Participating Authority.

The outer surface of the fabrics must be coloured as follows

(i) Cover (outer canopy): this must be coloured so as to enable the life-rafts to be easily visible at sea. Colours which have been accepted as suitable are flame orange, traffic yellow and similar fluorescent colours. Retro-reflective tapes of approximately 50 mm x 300 mm shall be fitted around the canopy at intervals of approximately 500 mm at the half height of the canopy measured from the point of attachment of the canopy to the buoyancy tube(s). A cross-shaped or similar marking of two such tapes shall be fitted on or at the top.

(ii) The inside of the canopy shall have a colour which is not trying for the eyes.

(iii) Underside of floor: this must be of dark colouring, i.e. blue, black or dark steel. Four retro-reflective tapes of approximately 50 mm x 300 mm shall at equal intervals be fitted around the edges of the underside of the floor or of the bottom of the raft.

The colours proposed to be used by the life-raft manufacturer must be stated in the specification submitted for approval.

3.3 Cordage, webbing and thread

Where these materials are used in the construction of a life-raft or in the make-up of the fittings or equipment they must be specified in sufficient detail. All cordage must be attached to the life-raft in such a manner that if accidentally detached the buoyancy tubes will not be demaged.

3.4 Seams

Full details of the proposed method of joining panels of the fabric of which a life-raft is to be constructed must be submitted to the Participating Authority.

If an adhesive solution is to be employed a full description including composition, directions for storage, mixing, application and tests to be applied must be given.

3.5 Buoyancy chamber

The main buoyancy chambers forming the boundary of the life-raft are to be gas inflated from an automatic gas inflation system as specified in paragraph 4.1 and must on inflation provide at least 96 cubdm of volume for each person the life-raft can accomodate.

This calculation shall be based on the designed diameter of the tube or tubes, no allowance being made for stretch of the fabric.

In order to provide a safety margin the main buoyancy chambers must be divided into two compartments, each inflated through its own non-return inflation valve and so arranged that in the event of either of these separate compartments being damaged, or failing to inflate, the intact compartment in association with the floor (or part of the floor bounded by the intact compartment) will be able to support out of the water the number of persons which the life-raft is fit to accommodate with sufficient minimum freeboard (see paragraph 7.7).

Arrangements for accomplishing this which have been accepted are a single buoyancy tube divided into two equal portions by diaphragms or by two separate tubes, one being superimposed upon the other.

Each buoyancy chamber of double tube rafts shall contribute to the total buoyancy required. The maximum designed volume of either chamber must not exceed 60 per cent of the total volume of the buoyancy chambers.

The arrangements of the bulkheads or diaphragms (where these are necessary) in the buoyancy chamber are to be such that they form a virtual continuation of the boundary fabric of the buoyancy chamber should there be inflation on one side only of the diaphragms. The deflation of any compartment is not to cause undue loss of pressure in the remaining compartments.

3.6 Arches and thwart

The arches or other means for supporting the cover and the main buoyancy chambers must be gas inflated from the automatic inflation system.

In the case of the single buoyancy tube life-raft the tube must be divided by diaphragms and a thwart must be fitted. The thwart must be

(a) inflated by gas automatically by the act of inflating the life-raft;

(b) positioned to divide the floor into two equal parts; and

(c) so arranged that if either half of the buoyancy is deflated the remaining half together with the thwart forms an intact life-raft.

Alternative proposals to the inflated thwart will be considered provided they effectively give the same degree of subdivision of the raft.

Thwarts must not be included in the main buoyancy calculation of 96 cubdm per person.

The thwart, when fitted in conjunction with baffles or diaphragms in the single buoyancy tube design must be fitted with a slack diaphragm subdividing the thwart tube longitudinally. The diaphragm must be sufficiently slack and free to move across and take up the form of the other half of the thwart tube should the thwart become damaged. This will necessitate separate inflation of the thwart tube on each side of the diaphragm.

All remarks regarding material and construction of the buoyancy chamber will apply to these units, and their attachments to the buoyancy tube are to be such as not to impair the pressure tightness of the whole system.

3.7 Floor

The floor of any life-raft must be watertight. Heat and cold insulation from the sea, where such is required, may be by means of one or more compartments which may be inflated at will. Alternative means of providing insulation will be considered.

An inflatable floor must be constructed of suitable fabric sited at the underside of the main buoynacy chamber with one or more compartments. Means of deflating each compartment may be combined in the inflation valve or by a separate plug.

Special attention shall be paid to the attachment of the floor to the buoyancy chamber to ensure that the resulting joint is secure and watertight.

The floor area, measured to the inside of the main buoyancy tube must be at least 0,372 sqm for each person the life-raft can accommodate. The area occupied by the thwart shall be included in the calculation of the floor area.

The area occupied by supports for the canopy shall not be included in the calculation of the floor area.

3.8 Water pockets

To aid the stability of the raft water pockets, or other equally efficient means, must be fitted to the underside of the floor.

Tripping lines must not be fitted.

3.9 Weather cover

The weather cover must erect automatically on inflation of the raft. When a double weather cover is required it shall consist of an outer cover and an inner tent with an adequate air space in between. There shall be small vent holes, or their equivalent, in the inner tent to enable air to enter the gap between it and the outer cover as erection takes place. It has been found advantageous to fit reeds to maintain the gap between the layers. Alternatively this space may be manually inflatable.

Other equivalent means of protection will be considered.

The cover when erect must be capable of withstanding the test detailed in paragraph 7.10.

The height of the cover shall be such that the occupants can sit comfortably upright on the floor when the raft is waterborne.

In rafts for more than six persons at least two diametrically opposite ventilation openings must be fitted. In rafts for six or fewer persons one may be allowed. The ventilation openings shall be fitted with means of closing, these shall be secured open when the raft is packed.

In rafts for more than eight persons two separate entrances into raft must be provided. When two separate entrances are fitted they must be on opposite sides of the raft.

The entrances must be provided with means for closing. In rafts fitted with an outer and an inner canopy, the entrance closures must be double and so arranged that the insulating space between the weather cover and inner tent is continued in way of the entrances when they are closed.

Arrangements must be fitted for keeping the entrance covers open and the raft must be packed with the entrance covers in this position. It must be possible to secure them closed, so as to be weathertight, or in any intermediate position.

3.10 Rain water collector

Means must be fitted in double canopy rafts for collecting rain water from the cover and passing it through the cover by a short length of tubing provided with a suitable stopper or other means of controlling the flow. Rain water can normally be collected in polythene (or similar) bags used in the packing of the emergency packs and the note to this effect should be included in the Instruction Booklet (see paragraph 5.18 (b)(viii)).

3.11 Internal grab-lines

Internal grab-lines must be fitted around the inside perimeter of all life-rafts. These grab-lines must be of webbing of not less than 25 mm width or of a cordage of not less than 25 mm circumference.

3.12 External grab-lines

A grab-line must be secured around the outside of the life-raft. The grab-line must form suitable hand holds for persons in the water, with each loop reaching within 75 mm of the water line in the loaded condition.

These grab-lines shall be of webbing of not less than 25 mm width or of a cordage of not less than 25 mm circumference.

The grab-lines shall be suitably arranged for carrying the inflated raft.

3.13 Painters

A rot proof painter of required length, not less than 8 mm diameter and of material and/or construction providing grip, shall be attached to the life-rafts.

The breaking load of the painter system including the attachment to the life-raft must not be less than 10,0 kN for life-rafts carrying nine persons or more and not less than 5,0 kN for life-rafts carrying less than nine persons.

The breaking load of the knotted painter shall be calculated at 55 per cent of the normal breaking strength of the rope.

3.14 Boarding arrangements

Efficient means to enable persons in the water to board the raft must be provided at each entrance to the raft. The method of testing the efficacy of the arrangements is given at paragraph 7.11. Boarding ramps may be fitted if so desired by the Participating Authority.

3.15 Righting arrangements

If the life-raft inflates in an inverted position it must be capable of being readily righted by one man under the conditions detailed in paragraph 7.12.

4. INFLATION SYSTEM

4.1 General

The inflation system must be capable of satisfying the requirements of the tests detailed in paragraph 7.4.

The inflation of the life-raft shall take place on the pulling of the line by one man.

The gas cylinder and operating head must be stowed and secured to the outside of the life-raft.

4.2 Gas

Normally CO2 gas shall be used for inflation but any other gas which may be used shall be similarly non-toxic. It must provide a high rate of inflation but be sufficiently free from icing at the outlet during expansions so that the inflation complies with the requirements of paragraph 7.4.

The quantity of gas provided must be sufficient to meet the conditions of paragraph 7.4.

4.3 Gas cylinder

Cylinders in which the gas is carried must be manufactured to a standard specification acceptable to the Participating Authority and certified by an official organization of the exporting country.

The neck of the cylinder shall be threaded to receive a valve unit. The function of this unit is to retain the gas in the cylinder and in conjunction with the operating head, to release the gas at the desired moment. The threads for attachment of the operating head and the high pressure hose shall be provided with protecting caps during transit.

For the maximum rate of inflation CO2 when used shall be discharged in its liquid state. To ensure this the design of gas passages must be such that no expansion can occur. A siphoning tube shall be connected to the base of the valve unit inside the cylinder so that the open end is immersed in the liquid when the cylinder is in its operational position. A safety device must be incorporated to relieve at a pressure below the test pressure of the cylinder and must give positive indication of that occurrence.

Where carbon dioxide is used its dryness shall be defined for CO2 type 1, in Section 1 of British Standard specification 4105; 1967 - Specifiaction for Liquid CO2 Industrial.

The cylinder must be permanently stamped in accordance with the requirements of the specification appropriate to it. In order to facilitate check weighing of the gas contents of a cylinder it must be stencilled with details and mass of the gas charge and tare mass in kilograms or pounds.

4.4 Operating head

Light alloy cylinders, valves and operating heads will only be acceptable after testing in sea water to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

Where it is proposed to assemble light alloy valves or operating heads on steel cylinders the total assembly of cylinder, valve and operating head shall be subjected to sea water testing over a period of 24 months to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

Light alloy operating heads and light alloy marine valves must be anodized.

As stated in paragraph 4.1 the inflation of the life-raft shall take place on the pulling of the line by one man.

This will require a mechanism attached to the gas bottle for allowing the gas to be released into the life-raft at the desired moment. With such an arrangement and a cylinder pressure of 8,6 MPa the valve must fully open with a pull at the gas cylinder not exceeding 65 N and with not more than 200 mm travel.

The release mechanism may be arranged as a detachable operating head screwed on to the valve unit in the neck of the cylinder. In this case the handing of the thread must be arranged so that when the operating head is fitted to the valve unit there is no tendency to slacken the valve in the cylinder.

Where the operating cable of the type of head described above is attached to the life-raft painter it must ensure that the load is wholly taken by the operating cable until the valve has operated. When the valve is fully open the full painter load must be transferred to the towing patch or bridle. The operating cable must be of non-corrodable material.

There must be positive means of retaining the valve in the open position when it has been operated and an indicator to show whether or not the head has been operated.

The cable from the pulley rim must be protected in a suitable flexible conduit to prevent chafing of the life-raft fabric and to ensure that the cable does not become kinked. The operating head must be sealed from the entry of water perticularly at the end of the conduit.

Suitable means of preventing the head chafing the fabric of the life-raft shall be fitted.

4.5 High pressure hose assembly

A suitable high pressure hose and manifold is to be provided to convey the gas from the cylinder to the inflatable chambers.

A test pressure of 12,5 MPa must be applied hydrostatically to each complete hose assembly for a minimum duration of 1 min during which any leakage from the hose or end fitting will justify rejection. After this test each hose must be dried by blowing through with air and checked for length, which shall be within the limit stated on the accepted drawing or specification of the hose.

The hose assembly must be of a type which has a minimum bursting pressure of 21 MPa at normal temperature and 4,2 MPa at minus 45 degrees C. It must operate satisfactorily over a temperature range of minus 45 degrees C to plus 70 degrees C and must be capable of being bent through 180 degrees over a former having a radius of 50 mm at minus 45 degrees C after which it must satisfactorily pass the hydraulic test of 12,5 MPa above. Suitable end fittings must be provided. In particular the metal and wall thickness of union nuts must be sufficiently robust to withstand a reasonable degree of over tightening. Where nipples are inserted at the end of the hose they must be suitably shaped to prevent them ploughing up the lining when assembling. To assist in this operation the outside only of the nipple may be lightly smeared with a suitable rubber solution.

The final inspection of each assembly must verify that the bore of the hose assembly is clean and free from rubber particles and any foreign matter. For this purpose a smooth close fitting rod having a rounded end or a ball shall be passed through the bore of each hose assembly.

The maker's name, maker's pat no. and the date of test must be marked on the hose together with the mark of the firm's Inspector.

4.6 Valves

Non-return valves must be provided at each point where gas from the inflation system enters an inflatable chamber either from the cylinder or from another inflated chamber.

Each chamber which is inflated directly from the inflation system must be fitted with a safety relief valve and a valve which will allow air to be introduced into each chamber for topping-up the pressure with the hand inflator provided with the accessories. It is permissible to combine these two functions in one valve.

The safety valve must function so as to allow gas to escape should the pressure exceed that which would be safe for the tubes to carry. It must reseat at a pressure which will give satisfactory rigidity to the tubes.

Means of deflation must be fitted as necessary but their number must be kept to the minimum required for deflating the fully inflated raft for re-packing.

Inflation arrangements must be such that in the event of deflation of either one of the buoyancy chambers the canopy will remain substantially erect. This shall be achieved by non-return valves or other equivalent means.

Canopy supports inflated by gas via a non-return valve must be provided with a means of topping-up manually.

4.7 Valise or container

Each life-raft together with its necessary equipment must be properly packed in a valise or container so designed as to provide maximum protection from the weather and so constructed as to be capable of withstanding hard wear and affording protection to the life-raft and its equipment under all seagoing conditions. The inside of the valise or container must be smooth so as not to cause any damage to the fabric of the life-raft by chafing.

The valise or container must be so constructed that the life-raft will break free on inflation. It must be a neat fit for the packed life-raft to prevent chafing of the life-raft fabric.

The aperture in the container through which the painter runs must be so arranged that the container will free itself from the painter on inflation.

Suitable means must be provided for carrying the life-raft in its valise or container prior to launching.

5. EQUIPMENT

5.1 Lamps

To help a survivor locate a life-raft a lamp must be fitted on top of the cover. A second lamp must be fitted in the interior of the raft. The lamps must be wired independently of each other. Each socket must receive current from its own sea activated cell stowed in a pocket on the underside of the raft.

Each lamp must be watertight and capable of giving an output of approximately 0,3 cd for at least 12 h when connected to the water activated cell which must have an endurance for this period. The casing of the lamps and cells must be sufficiently robust to withstand the required drop tests on the life-raft without damage to the lamp or life-raft.

Water activated cells must be proof against leakage of chemicals which might damage or cause deterioration of the fabric of the life-raft. They must be able to function satisfactorily in water of varying salinity and in temperatures varying from freezing point to tropical heat. The wiring between the cell and the bulb must be adequately protected.

5.2 Emergency packs and containers

Every life-raft is to be equipped an Emergency Pack containing the equipment in SOLAS Regulation 17(a) or 17(b) as appropriate. This equipment must be stowed in a container or containers which will provide protection against damage by penetration of water. The contents of the containers must be so packed that they will withstand the 18 m drop test without being impaired.

A list of contents must be provided with the container. The container or containers must be capable of being readily opened. Items shall be packed in such a manner that those of prior importance are readily accessible, e.g. pyrotechnics.

The packed container must be secured inside the life-raft and must be buoyant if placed in the water.

For convenience the packs will be identified according to their contents, i.e.

Packs for life-rafts complying with SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 17(a) will be called PACK A

Packs for life-rafts on vessels complying with one-sixth requirement in SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 17(b) will be called PACK B

Packs for life-rafts on vessels complying with other than one-sixth requirement SOLAS Chapter III Regulation 17(b) will be called PACK C

5.3 Rescue quoit

A buoyant rescue quoit shall be stowed in an accessible position. This quoit must be attached to 30 m of light buoyant line and must be capable of being thrown 9 m in calm weather. It must be of sufficient size to enable a person in the water to grasp it firmly. The inboard end of the line must be attached to the raft.

5.4 Safety knife

The knife must be shaped so that it will not damage the fabric of the life-raft if it is accidentally dropped. An ordinary clasp knife is not accepted. The blade of the knife must either be flexible or sufficiently rigid to prevent fracture which could cause damage to the life-raft, e.g. during the drop test. The knife must be stowed on the buoyancy tube near that entrance of the raft which is adjacent to the painter and must be secured to the life-raft by a light line of sufficient length to enable the painter to be readily cut. Knives shall be supplied as follows

(a) For life-rafts which are fit to accommodate not more than twelve persons; one safety knife.

(b) For life-rafts which are fit to accommodate thirteen or more persons; two safety knives, one of which may be packed in the emergency pack. This knife shall have a lanyard of at least 1 m in length.

5.5 Bailer

The bailer must be of not less than 1 cubdm capacity. Sharp edges shall be avoided. Bailers shall be supplied as follows

(a) For life-rafts which are fit to accommodate not more than twelve persons; one bailer.

(b) For life-rafts which are fit to accommodate thirteen persons or more; two bailers.

5.6 Sponges

Two sponges suitable for mopping up water must be supplied to all rafts.

5.7 Sea anchor (drogue)

Two sea anchors must be supplied, these must each be attached to a 9 m line of adequate strength. At least one shall be stowed in an easily accessible place in the life-raft so that it can be easily streamed when the loaded life-raft is clear of the ship. The inboard end of the line of this drogue shall be attached to a strong point on the raft.

A swivel shall be fitted to the sea anchor in order to prevent the line unlaying as a result of rotation.

5.8 Paddles

Two paddles or equivalent means of propulsion must be provided in each life-raft. It must be demonstrated that the paddles proposed are capable of propelling the loaded raft at a speed of at least half a knot in calm weather over a short distance.

The paddles must be stowed in an easily accessible position in such a manner as to protect from damage or from liability to damage the fabric of the life-raft when it is dropped from a height of 18 m into the water. The most suitable stowage would appear to be on the outside of the emergency pack. Sharp edges must be avoided.

5.9 Repair kit

A repair kit in a suitable container must be provided for repairing punctures in the buoyancy compartments. It shall consist of various sizes of patches with solution for fixing them. In addition, at least three plugs of various size must be provided for plugging holes in the buoyancy chamber. Other devices for sealing holes must be at least equivalent in efficiency and full details must be supplied to the Participating Authority for consideration.

5.10 Bellows or pumps

An adequate hand operated bellows or pump must be provided for topping-up the pressure as necessary. The design must be such that it can be easily operated by one man seated in the life-raft. It must be capable of being quickly attached to the topping-up valves of buoyancy tubes, arched tubes, floor and canopy if the insulating space is inflated. All sharp edges and features which might damage the fabric of the raft must be avoided in the design.

5.11 Tin openers

Three tin openers of an accepted safety type, which will not accidentally cause damage to the fabric of the life-raft, must be provided.

Some safety knives incorporate a devise for piercing the water containers. Where safety knives of this type are included in the equipment of an inflatable life-raft they may be accepted, not only as safety knives but also in partial fulfilment of the requirements for three safety tin openers.

5.12 First aid outfit

When a first aid outfit contains morphine or age prone drugs its container must be clearly and indelibly marked with the appropriate date.

5.13 Whistle

A non-metallic whistle capable of emitting a loud blast must be provided for signalling.

5.14 Fishing line

A fishing line and hooks when provided must be suitable for sea fishing.

5.15 Desalting kit

If a desalting kit is supplied any necessary fixing points shall be fitted to the raft, instructions shall be supplied and any necessary warning notices shall be conspicuously displayed.

5.16 Anti-sea sickness tablets

At least six doses of anti-sea sickness tablets of an approved type must be provided for each person the life-raft is fit to accommodate. They must be stowed in satisfactory containers which must be readily accessible in the Emergency Pack Container.

5.17 Attachments for aerial

When required suitable attachments to hold the aerial of an accepted type of portable radio equipment must be so arranged that the aerial can be easily erected and taken down. The attachments must be positioned so as not to be obstruct the entrances of the life-raft. The attachments shall be strong enough to hold the aerial in the operating position without damaging the life-raft.

5.18 Instructions to survivors

(a) In addition to any instructions required by the paragraph on Descriptive material, the following instruction sheets or leaflets must be supplied packed inside each life-raft. These instructions shall be in two divisions, »immediate« and »subsequent«, they shall be in the language or languages stipulated by the Participating Authority. The »immediate« instructions must be boldly printed on a sheet of suitable material and secured in a prominent position in the life-raft, so that it can be seen immediately upon entry. The instructions shall be prominently headed »Immediate Action upon Entering the Life-raft« and shall include the following

(i) GET AWAY FROM THE SINKING SHIP

(ii) LOOK FOR AND GATHER OTHER SURVIVORS

(iii) CHECK THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE LIFE-RAFT and

(iv) OPEN KIT AND READ INSTRUCTIONS ON SURVIVAL (The position of the instructions shall be indicated)

(b) The »subsequent« instructions may be printed on a card or in a booklet and shall be stowed in the Emergency Pack. An additional copy may be hung in the raft or printed on the reverse side of the »immediate« instructions. A copy of each shall be supplied separately with each raft for information of ships' officers and crew. These »subsequent« instructions shall be headed »Additional Instructions for Survival« and must include the following

(i) APPOINT PERSON IN CHARGE

(ii) FIRST AID - May give reference to the First Aid Kit and its incorporated instructions

(iii) GATHERING OF SURVIVAL CRAFT

(iv) DRYING LIFE-RAFT, INFLATION OF THE FLOOR (WHERE APPLICABLE)

(v) USE OF THE SEA ANCHOR

(vi) ADJUSTMENT OF DOORWAY CLOSING AND CHECKING OF TOP CANOPY LIGHT

(vii) PREPARATION OF AND PUTTING INTO ACTION, IF NECESSARY, THE SIGNALLING DEVICES AND/OR RADIO-COMMUNICATION APPARATUS

(viii) ADVICE FOR THE PERSON IN CHARGE ON

1. Watch arrangements

2. Survival protection against cold or heat

3. Water and food rationing, collection of rainwater

4. Instructions on »do's« and »don'ts« for survival

(ix) LIFE-RAFT'S ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

(x) ACTION ON ARRIVAL OF RESCUE UNITS

(xi) PREPARATION FOR BEING TAKEN IN TOW

(xii) RESCUE BY HELICOPTER

(xiii) APPROACHING LAND AND BEACHING LIFE-RAFT and

(xiv) SKETCH SHOWING THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE LIFE-RAFT, HOLE PLUGGING etc.

6. DAVIT-LAUNCHED LIFE-RAFTS

6.1 Lifting arrangements

The lifting strops and their attachment on the buoyancy tubes and to the floor must be so spaced as to ensure that the load is evenly distributed. The spacing of the lifting strops must be arranged to minimize obstruction to boarding and enable survivors to be comfortably seated inside on the floor of the raft.

Provision must be made as necessary to reinforce the fabric of the raft to prevent the lifting strop from cutting into it when under load.

The strops must be joined at the top of the form of an eye or connected to a lifting ring or pinned shackle. The shackle or ring must be designed with a factor of safety of five and be proof tested to 2.5 times the maximum working load it is intended to carry in service.

7. ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR PROTOTYPE LIFE-RAFTS

7.1 General

Each prototype life-raft must undergo successfully to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority the tests detailed in paragraph 7.2 to 7.18.

7.2 Drop test

Each type of life-raft shall be subjected to a minimum of two drop tests and at leats one such test is to be carried out with life-raft packed in each type of container or valise in which the manufacturer proposes to pack it.

The Participating Authority may also require a drop test to be carried out with the life-raft packed with each proposed type of pack in any combination of pack and valise or container which the manufacturer wishes to market.

For this test the life-raft in the operationally packed condition shall be dropped from the appropriate height into water. The free end of the painter shall be attached to the point of suspension so that it pays out as the raft drops, thus simulating actual conditions. It shall be left floating for 30 min and at the end of this period be inflated by pulling the painter. The raft shall inflate upright within the accepted time (see paragraph 7.4). It shall then be lifted from the water to permit thorough inspection of the raft, the container or valise and the contents of the emergency pack. Damage to the container is acceptable provided the Participating Authority adjudges that it would not hazard the raft. Damage to any item of equipment is acceptable subject to the Participating Authority being satisfied that its operational efficiency has not been impaired; in particular, damage to any tins of water may be accepted by the Participating Authority provided they do not leak. Rafts which are to be stowed more than 18 m above water must be a type which has been suitably tested.

7.3 Emergency pack buoyancy test

An emergency pack shall be capable of floating 30 min without harm to any of its contents.

7.4 Inflation tests

A life-raft, operationally packed in each type of container or valise in which the manufacturer wishes to market it, must be inflated by pulling the painter and the time recorded

(a) for it to become boardable, i.e. buoycancy tubes opened to full shape and diameter;

(b) for the cover to be erect; and

(c) for the raft to reach its full operational pressure;

when tested in an ambient temperature of 21 degrees C, at 66 degrees C and at minus 30 degrees C.

When inflated in an ambient temperature of 21 degrees C it must achieve conditions (a), (b) and (c) in not more than 30 s, 90 s and 3 min respectively. The inflation associated with the drop test may be accepted in place of this test.

For the inflation at 66 degrees C the operationally packed raft in a container or valise which need not be sealed shall be placed in a heating chamber for not less than 7 h. The first 2 h may be utilized for heating the chamber to 66 degrees C. After a period of 5 h at the full temperature the raft shall be inflated by pulling the painter. Under these conditions the gas pressure relief valves must be of sufficient capacity to prevent damage to the raft by over pressure. Althought it is preferred that the raft be heated in a chamber large enough to permit it being inflated therein, removal from the hot chamber prior to inflation is permitted provided the removal and inflation are carried out promptly.

For the inflation at minus 30 degrees C the operationally packed life-raft shall be placed in a refrigerated chamber at a temperature of minus 30 degrees C for a period of 24 h. Then with the temperature of the chamber maintained at minus 30 degrees C the raft shall be inflated by pulling the painter. Under these conditions, within 3 min of operating the painter, davit-launched rafts must reach their full working pressure. Any other raft shall be inflated to such an extent that its buoyancy tubes have assumed their full shape and the canopy is sufficiently erect for the occupants to get under cover. As a result of this test there shall be no slippage, cracking or other defect in the life-raft and it shall be in all respects ready for use.

Two consecutive successful cold inflation tests are required to be demonstrated on all designs of rafts. The necessity for tests on modified designs of rafts shall be considered by the Participating Authority. Other methods of satisfactorily demonstrating a life-raft's capacity of operation in the cold enviroment stipulated in SOLAS may be agreed between the Participating Authorities of the importing and exporting countries.

7.5 Loading and seating test

The freeboard or draught of the inflated life-raft in the light condition must be recorded and the raft then loaded with the number of adults it is intended to accomodate. Each person used in this test must be an adult and must be wearing an approved life-jacket suitable for an adult. The freeboard of the life-raft when loaded must be recorded. The Participating Authority must ensure that the intended number of persons has sufficient comfort and headroom and it must be demonstrated to its satisfaction that the various items of equipment can be used within the raft in this condition and the floor inflated. The minimum freeboard in a fully laden condition, with the raft on an even keel and before inflating the floor, must be not less than 305 mm.

7.6 Stability test

The full complement of the raft must be crowded to one side and then to one end and in each case the freeboard must be recorded. Under these conditions the freeboard must be such that there is no danger of the life-raft being swamped.

The stability of the life-raft during boarding may be ascertained as follows

Two men each wearing approved life-jackets suitable for an adult should board the empty raft. It should then be demonstrated that the two persons in the raft can readily assist from the water a third person who is required to feign unconsciousness. The third person must have his back towards the entrance so that he cannot help himself into the raft. The Participating Authority is to be satisfied that the water pockets adequately counteract the upsetting moment on the raft.

7.7 Damage test

It shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority that when the life-raft is fully loaded with number of persons it can accomodate (paragraphs 3.5 and 3.7), with either half of its buoyancy fully deflated, it has sufficient minimum freeboard which must be recorded. The requirements of paragraph 4.6 shall be met.

7.8 Manoeuvrability test

It shall be demonstarted that the paddles provided are capable of propelling the raft when fully laden in calm conditions at a speed of at least 0,5 kN over a distance of at least 23 m.

7.9 Towing test

It shall be demonstrated that the fully laden life-raft is capable of being satisfactorily towed at 3 kN in calm weather and that the towing gear and painter provide a safety factor of 3.

7.10 Jump test

It shall be demonstrated that a person can jump on to the cover of the life-raft from a height of at least 4,5 m without causing damage to the cover. For this test the person must weigh not less than 75 kg and be wearing hard bottom shoes, the shoes shall have smooth soles and must not have protruding nails.

7.11 Boarding tests

The boarding test shall be carried out in a swimming bath by a team of not more than four persons acceptable to the Participating Authority who shall be of mature age and of differing physiques. Preferably they should not be strong swimmers. For this test they shall be clothed in shirt and trousers or a boiler suit and shall wear approved life-jackets suitable for an adult. They must each swim about 90 m before reaching the raft to attempt the boarding, dressed as above and wearing the approved life-jackets. There must be no rest period between the swim and the boarding attempt. Boarding shall be attempted by each man individually, i.e. with no assistance from other swimmers or persons already in the raft. The raft shall be in water too deep to permit the men obtaining any assistance from the bottom of the swimming bath. The arrangements will be considered satisfactory if three of the men board unaided and the fourth boards with the assistance of any one of the others.

7.12 Righting test

For this test the raft shall be inverted. The righting test shall be carried out by the same team of »survivors« similarly clothed and wearing approved life-jackets and after preconditioning as in 7.11. Each man shall attempt to right the raft unaided. The raft shall be in water too deep to permit the man's obtaining any assistance from the bottom of the bath when mounting the inverted raft. The righting arrangements will be considered satisfactory if each man rights the raft unaided.

7.13 Swamp test

It shall be demonstrated that if the life-raft is fully swamped it is capable of supporting the number of persons which it is intended to accommodate and remain seaworthy. It shall be demonstrated that the life-raft does not seriously deform in this condition. Trials may be required to show that the raft does not flex considerably in waves.

7.14 Hose test

To ensure the effectiveness of the canopy closures in preventing water entering the raft the efficiency of the closed entrances shall be demonstrated by means of a hose test or by any other equally effective method.

The requirement for the hose test is that about 37,8 cubdm of water per s be directed at and around the entrances through a 63,5 mm hose from a point 3,7 m away and 1,5 m above the level of the buoyancy tubes.

7.15 Buoyancy of hydrostatically released life-rafts

To cater for hydrostatically released life-rafts it shall be demonstrated that the raft operationally packed in its container or valise has sufficient inherent buoyancy for setting the inflation system in action by means of the actuating line in the event of the ship sinking.

7.16 Detailed inspection

A prototype life-raft, complete in all respects shall be fully inflated in the manufacturer's works and subjected to a detailed inspection to ensure that all the Participating Authority's requirements are fulfilled.

7.17 Davit-launched life-rafts - strength tests

(a) The breaking stress of the webbing or rope used for the lifting bridle shall be established by actual tests and three separate test pieces.

(b) The bridle system shall be designed with a factor of safety of 5. It shall be demonstrated by an overload test stipulated by the Participating Authority on a raft hanging from its centre support that it has been achieved.

(c) The pressure before and after the test in item (b) above shall be recorded.

(d) Any dimensional deflections or distortions of the raft during the test at item (b) above shall be recorded.

(e) Two bridle legs with end attachments shall be tested to destruction.

(f) A life-raft shall be lowered against a structure erected to represent a side of a ship having a 15 degrees adverse list.

The mass to be put in the raft for the above 400 per cent overload test must be the mass of the appropriate emergency pack plus 5 times the mass of the full complement. The mass of the persons being taken at 75 kg each.

A life-raft that has been subject to the above required tests must not be used to serve as a life-saving appliance.

7.18 Davit-launched life-raft boarding tests

In addition to the test at 7.11, the raft hanging from a launching appliance and bowsed-in to a ship's side, or simulated ship's side, is to be boarded by a number of persons at least equal to its full complement and together equal in mass to its »full complement x 75 kg« without undue distortion of the raft. For this test the raft is to be bowsed-in to the ship's side in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, boarded, bowsing released, left hanging 5 min and then lowered to water or floor and unloaded. At least three tests are required, i.e. with hook of the lowering appliance so positioned that its distance from the ship's side is

(a) half the beam of the raft plus 150 mm

(b) half the beam of the raft

(c) half the beam of the raft minus 150 mm

The boarding is to simulate actual ship-board conditions and is to be timed.

7.19 Additional special tests

In addition to the above tests the Paticipating Authority may require special tests for life-rafts of large size, unusual design or new or unusual fabrics.

8. INSPECTION DURING MANUFACTURE

A condition of acceptance is that at every stage of manufacture of matrials and components and construction, packing and testing of the life-raft must be effected and certified under the supervision of a Quality Control Organization acceptable to the Participating Authority. A certificate cannot, therefore, be valid unless the Participating Authority is satisfied with the inspection facilities and information.

A certificate of inspection must be signed by the manufacturer's Chief Inspector or his approved signatory that each life-raft, on completion, complies fully with the drawings and specifications which have been accepted by the Participating Authority.

When it is desired to make modifications to the accepted design full details of modification must be submitted to the Participating Authority for acceptance. When modifications have been accepted by the Participating Authority, appropriate alterations or additions to the drawings shall be made and the issue number of the altered documents amended accordingly.

It will be necessary for the manufacturer seeking his Participating Authority's acceptance for the first time to possess or apply for the Participating Authority's approval of the inspection organization at his factory.

The inspection of the life-rafts during manufacture must include the following inflation tests

8.1 Inflation air test

(a) The accuracy of the change of pressure readings depends largely on temperature variation in the vicinity of the life-raft over the test period. The test shall preferably be conducted in a partitioned test bay where draughts near the life-raft can be guarded against. If there is a temperature rise, 0,4 kPa must be subtracted for every degree Celsius. Conversely if there is a temperature fall, 0,4 kPa must be added for every degree Celsius. Readings shall be taken to the nearest 0,2 degrees C. In any case if the temperature variation during the test period exceeds 3 degrees C the test is invalid and must be repeated.

(b) When the life-raft is complete with all its attachments such as valves, deflation plugs, etc. and fittings the life-raft may be inflated to 0,18 kPa above the maximum blow off pressure of the relief valves, which must be plugged, and allowed to stand for 30 min.

(c) The pressure in the life-raft with the valves plugged as necessary must be adjusted to the designed working pressure of the relief valves and the pressure drop after 60 min, corrected for any change of temperature, must be recorded. The maximum permissible corrected pressure drop is 0,13 kPa where the life-raft is constructed of rubber proofed nylon or cotton fabric. Where it is proposed to use other fabrics the proposed pressure drop to be allowed must be submitted at the same time as samples and specifications of the fabric.

(d) In addition, where a buoyancy chamber is subdivided by baffles or diaphragms each compartment in turn must be separately inflated to its designed working pressure and its pressure drop measured over a period of 15 min. The maximum permissible corrected pressure drop in this time must not exceed 40 per cent of that allowed for the 60 min test above.

(e) Each life-raft chamber must be inflated until the pressure relief valve operates. This relieving pressure and also the reseat pressure must be recorded to ascertain that they are within the designed limits of the valve.

(f) If the insulation of the floor is obtained by inflation it shall be inflated to its designed working pressure and then tested by one of the following means

(i) at the end of 12 h it must have retained its shape to the satisfaction of the manufacturer's Chief Inspector; or

(ii) in association with a working pressure of 0,35 kPa the pressure loss after correction for temperature change, must not exceed 75 Pa in 30 min.

(iii) in association with a working pressure of 0,25 kPa the pressure loss after correction for temperature must not exceed 50 Pa in 30 min.

The temperature correction in (i) and (iii) shall be calculated and limited as described in paragraph 8.1 (a) above. In no case must the floor have suffered physical damage, e.g. failure of reed adhesion.

8.2 Operational inflation test

The Inspection shall, at its discretion, select a completed and operationally packed raft at random and carry out an operational inflation test on a smooth dry floor or on water, e.g. a swimming pool, as a check on the packing and inflation.

the actual distribution of life-rafts inflated during a period is left to the Inspection's discretion so as to achieve an adequate sampling of the entire production. It must be observed that undue effort is not required to secure inflation and that the time of inflation is normal.

8.3 Davit-launched life-rafts

Every new life-raft must satisfactorily undergo a 10 per cent overload test in accordance with the approved drawings and/or construction specification before the final inflation pressure test required by paragraph 8.1 (a) above. The conditions of the 10 per cent overload suspension test are

(a) The 10 per cent overload to be 10 per cent of the mass of the life-raft assembly together with its equipment and complement of persons calculated at 75 kg per person.

(b) The life-raft must be inflated to normal working pressure determined by the reseat of the relief valves.

(c) The life-raft must be loaded by an approved system of ballasting evenly distributed around the floor of the raft.

(d) The life-raft must be lifted and held clear of the ground for at least 5 min. Whilst under load it shall be ascertained that

(i) all the load carrying webbing straps etc., appear to be taking their share of the load;

(ii) the distortion of the tubes is within acceptable limits;

(iii) after removal of the load the raft must show no sign of physical damage or permanent strain, in particular, there must have been no slippage of attachments of the supporting webbing etc.

9. HYDROSTATIC RELEASE GEAR

Hydrostatic release gear may be fitted into the holding down arrangements of life-rafts on board ship. When fitted it is desirable to secure the shipboard and of the painter to the release gear. That part of the hydrostatic release gear which forms part of the painter system of the raft shall be at least equal to the strength of the painter system fitted. See paragraph 3.13.

A weak link shall be fitted into the system to ensure that a raft which has been released hydrostatically and inflated is not dragged under by the sinking ship. This weak link system should be of sufficient strength to pull the painter from the raft container and operate its inflation mechanism. It shall break at a force of 2,2 kN plus minus 0,4 kN.

The operating handle must be secured to the satisfaction of a surveyor once the gear is fitted to prevent accidental operation. A senhouse slip and a cordage lashing must be fitted in the gripling system.

The gear is to operate under the following heads of water: from 1,5 m to 3,7 m.

The gear shall be such or of such material that it is not likely to fail due to corrosion.

10. SERVICING

10.1 Servicing manual

Manufactures of life-rafts must prepare a manual giving detailed instruction on the opening-up, inspection, testing, repairing and repacking of each of their types of life-raft. This manual, in draft form, shall be submitted to the Participating Authority for agreement and when agreed, sufficient copies shall be supplied to the Participating Authority for distribution to the Marine Survey Offices from which surveyors normally visit Service Stations. A copy of the manual shall be supplied to each of the manufacturer's Service Stations.

10.2 Servicing premises

Servicing premises shall be provided with the proper equipment, spares and facilities for carrying out the necessary testing and repairs. In particular the place where servicing is carried out must be clean, free from dust, draughts and strong sunlight and such that an even temperature can be maintained. It is to be noted when carrying out pressure tests that if there is a temperature variation of more than 30 degrees C during the test period the test is invalid and must be repeated. The floor must be smooth and kept free from oil, grease and abrasive materials. The place used for storing the gas cylinders must provide protection of the cylinders against corrosion.

10.3 Qualifications of service personnel

Any person employed servicing life-rafts shall be in posession of a certificate issued by the manufacturers of the rafts on which he is employed to the effect that he has attended a course of instruction at their works and is competent to service rafts manufactured by them. Alternatively the certificates may be issued by a person accredited by the manufacturers to train personnel in servicing and issue the certificates.

10.4 Approval of repair materials

All materials, such as fabric, solution, sewing thread used for repairs and also replacement valves, fittings and items in emergency packs shall be of types approved by the manufacturers for the particular purpose.

10.5 Control of gas cylinders

All gas cylinders shall be weighed and checked against the gross mass which has been marked on the bottle. To allow for difference of scales when check-weighing a tolerance of plus minus 14 g is permitted.

If the check-weighing of the total gas content indicates a deficiency greater than 56 g in bottles of nominel gas capacity greater than 1,1 kg or deficiency of 28 g for other bottles, the matter shall be reported to the Participating Authority and the cylinder returned to the life-raft manufacturer for investigation. In such cases the position of the indicator disc in the operating head shall be noted and reported.

When the operating head is moved from the gas cylinder, protective caps must be fitted on the cylinders. These caps must not be in place when the cylinder is weighed. If on any occasion that a cylinder is discharged, and four years have elapsed since the dates when it was last hydraulically re-tested, it shall be subject to a repeat of the test laid down in the approved specification to which it was manufactured. In any case irrespective of whether the cylinder has been discharged, it shall be returned for testing after approximately ten years have elapsed since the last hydraulic test, or where external wastage due to corrosion is apparent.

10.6 Examination of emergency pack

The emergency pack must be examined and its contents renewed as required.

10.7 Repacking rafts after servicing

Before folding and repacking rafts care must be taken to ensure that all deflation plugs have been replaced, that plugs placed in relief valves have been removed, and that the inflation cylinder is properly connected up and the operating cord is correctly placed so that the operating cable has a clear lead. In rafts with two inflation gas cylinders, the cylinders must be properly placed so that the pull from the operating cords will come evenly on the two cylinders. Guidance on repacking in the maker's manual must be followed.

11. MARKING

All markings of life-rafts and valises or containers shall be clearly and indelibly marked. The marking material must not contain ingredients harmful to adjacent material. Details of the markings are to be submitted to the Participating Authority for agreement. The markings shall be in the language or languages stipulated by the Participating Authority.

The valise or container shall be so marked with the following marks that they are clearly visible when the life-raft is stowed

MAKER'S NAME or TRADE MARK

SERIAL NO

TYPE APPROVED BY FOR PERSONS

SOLAS or NON SOLAS

EMERGENCY PACK TYPE

LAST SERVICED

NAME AND PLACE OF SERVICE STATION

LENGTH OF PAINTER

MAXIMUM PERMITTED HEIGHT OF STOWAGE ABOVE WATERLINE (depending on drop-test height and length of painter)

and when appropriate - FITTED FOR AREAL. The postiton of the operating line and instructions for launching shall be clearly marked.

The life-raft must be marked with

MAKER'S NAME or TRADE MARK

SERIAL NO

DATE OF MANUFACTURE - month and year, e.g. 12/70

TYPE APPROVED BY FOR PERSONS

In addition the position and use of items of equipment which are stowed outside the emergency pack or packs, e.g. valves, deflate plugs, knives and aerial fittings shall be clearly marked.

12. DESCRIPTIVE MATERIAL

For the instruction of officers and crew of ships on which life-rafts are carried, manufacturers shall provide with the life-rafts descriptive posters showing the method of launching and boarding and any necessary precautions to be taken. There shall be sufficient posters to display one at each embarkation position for rafts which are served by life-raft launching appliances and at each stowage position of other rafts. In addition, at least two booklets must be provided giving a full detailed description of the life-raft and the manner in which it is to be launched and used. The publications shall be in the language or languages stipulated by the Participating Authority. Draft copies of posters and booklets shall be submitted to the Participating Authority for agreement before issue.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFEBOAT COVERS (CANOPIES)

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for the units of length the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

1.3 70 kg 70 kg 104 lb

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFEBOAT COVERS (CANOPIES)

In force since 1st May 1974

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. MATERIALS

1.1 General requirements

Materials used in both covers and supports shall be of moderate weight and the pieces shall easily be erected and folded. Permanently erected supports are not acceptable. The cover shall be adequately supported.

1.2 Cover

The material in the cover shall be of approved quality. The cover shall be non-transparent and the colour shall be non bleaching, the outside orange and the inside of a neutral shade. The outside may be fluorescent.

The material shall be rot and mouldproof and shall have resistance against chafing. It shall withstand exposure to salt water and diesel oil.

The weight of the material shall be about 400 g/sqm.

The material shall withstand storage in temperatures between plus 60 degrees C and minus 30 degrees C.

1.3 Supports (arches) of covers

The supports (arches, hoops) shall be made of non-corrosive material. In metal boats the material in the supports shall be the same as that of the boat. The supports shall have a diameter of at least 20 mm or a bending resistance of 70 kg on the top, whichever figure is the more severe requirement for the material in question.

2. CONSTRUCTION

2.1 The cover shall extend at least 2/3 but no more than 3/4 of the length of the boat, measured from forward and shall be left open at the after end. This opening may however be covered with a loose cross flap.

2.2 The cover shall be high enough to permit a person to sit properly on the foremost thwart.

2.3 The cover and its fittings shall be designed in a way that it can easily and adequately be made fast to the boat by an unskilled person. The cover shall provide a substantial overlap over the gunwale, but shall not hamper rowing. It must be possible to attach a sea anchor at the forward end.

3. SPECIAL MARKINGS

The cover shall be fitted with approved retro-reflective tapes of a size of 50 mm x 300 mm shaped in the form of a cross and spaced at suitable intervals (approximately 500 mm).

4. APPROVAL

Each cover shall properly fit the boat in which it is intended to be carried. Materials and construction to be approved by the competent authority, who should provide a stamp on the cover for that purpose.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-PORTABLE

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for the units of length the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

2.3 136 cubdm 136 cubdm 4,82 cubft

2.4 2,0 MPa 20,4 kp/sqcm 290 lbf/sqin

2.5 2,5 MPa 25,5 kp/sqcm 363 lbf/sqin

3.2 13,0 MPa 133 kp/sqcm 1886 lbf/sqin 16 kg 16 kg 35,2 lb 45 kg 45 kg 99 lb

3.4 16 kg 16 kg 35,2 lb 45 kg 45 kg 99 lb

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-PORTABLE

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

In force since 1st March 1975

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL

1.1 Fire extinguishers shall be of types and designs approved by the Participating Authority of the importing country. They shall be clearly marked with instructions for use and the nature of their contents.

1.2 Fire extinguishers containing an extinguishing medium which either itself or when in use gives off gases harmful to persons shall not be permitted.

2. FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

2.1 These common requirements apply to extinguishers using a foam (froth) with an expansion ratio not exceeding 12 to 1.

2.2 Foam fire extinguishers shall be so designed and constructed that the interior of the extinguisher can be examined.

2.3 Every foam fire extinguisher shall be provided with a discharge hose together with a nozzle the area of which shall be such that when the extinguisher is operated the foam is projected a horizontal distance of at least 8 m for a period of not less than 100 s in the case of an extinguisher of 136 cubdm capacity or over a horizontal distance of at least 6 m for a period of not less than 90 s in the case of an extinguisher of under 136 cubdm capacity.

2.4 The charge and the air space above the level of the solution in the body of a foam fire extinguisher shall be so regulated that the maximum pressure in the extinguisher when put into action, with all outlets closed does not exceed 2,0 MPa with the solution at a temperature of 40 degrees C.

2.5 Foam fire extinguishers shall be capable of withstanding for a period of 5 min an internal pressure of 1,5 times the pressure in the extinguisher when put into action with the outlets closed and in no event of less than 2,5 MPa.

3. CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

3.1 Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher cylinders shall be provided with an internal discharge tube securely fixed to the stop valve or operating head.

3.2 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers shall be provided with a discharge hose which shall withstand a pressure of at least 13,0 MPa when the necessary couplings are fitted. The bore of the discharge hose shall not be less than the following sizes

Capacity of exinguisher Minimum bore of discharge hose 16 kg 9,5 mm 45 kg 12,5 mm

3.3 The discharge hose shall be provided with a horn which shall be of electrically non-conducting material and of a design which will reduce the velocity of the gas discharge. The metal part of the operating handle shall be suitably sheathed to protect the hands of the operator from extreme cold.

3.4 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers shall, at temperatures between 15 degrees C and 18 degrees C, discharge gas at such a rate that carbon dioxide equal in weight to three-quarters of the capacity of the container wil be discharged in the following periods

Capacity of extinguisher Period 16 kg 30 to 45 s 45 kg 60 to 90 s

4. NON-PRESSURIZED DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHERS

4.1 Non-pressurized dry powder extinguishers shall be of a type for which the driving medium is stored in a separate bottle permanently connected to the extinguisher.

4.2 The body of the extinguisher shall withstand during 5 minutes an internal pressure suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure at a temperature of 20 degrees C plus minus 2 degrees C obtained in case the driving medium is discharged while the outlet is closed; the test pressure shall be not less than 2,5 MPa.

The body may be provided with a safety device discharging at a pressure of 90 per cent of the test pressure.

4.3 It shall be possible to inspect the body internally.

4.4 Non-pressurized dry powder extinguishers shall be provided with a hose for discharging the extinguishing medium.

The hose shall withstand the internal pressure mentioned in 4.2 and be unkinkable.

The length of the hose shall be such that the powder can be maintained in a fluid state during sustained and intermittent discharge but in any case not less than 5 and not more than 10 metres.

At the end of the hose a suitable squeeze grip nozzle shall be provided in order to permit interrupted application of the extinguishing medium.

The discharge hose shall comply with the following dimensions

Capacity of extinguisher Minimum bore 25 kg 15,9 mm 50 kg 19 mm

4.5 The bottle containing the driving medium shall withstand a pressure suitably in excess of its maximum working pressure and may be provided with a safety devise discharging at a pressure of 90 per cent of the test pressure of this bottle.

The following particulars shall be stamped into the bottle; driving medium, volume in cubdm, contents of the medium in kg or pressure of same in MPa, date of pressure testing, test pressure, name of the testing authority, manufacturer's name.

4.6 Non-pressurized dry powder extinguishers shall at temperatures between 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C discharge dry powder at such a rate that 85 per cent of the capacity of the extinguisher will be discharged in the following periods and with the ranges mentioned

Capacity of extinguisher Minimum discharge Range of throw 25 kg 20-35 sec. 10 - 6 m 50 kg 30-50 sec. 10 - 8 m

4.7 Where applicable a cold resistance test may be required.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPASSES

The common requirements which have been adopted for compasses are identical with the part of the ISO standard No. 2269 »Magnetic compasses and accessories -Rules for testing and certification« dealing with compasses of class A.

The ISO standard can be obtained from national standards institutions or from the International Organization for Standardization, Sales Department, 1 rue de Varembe, 1211 Geneva 20.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR PILOT HOISTS

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for the units of length the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph Si unit Metric unit Imperial unit

1.2 150 kg 150 kg 331 lb

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR PILOT HOISTS

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

In force since 1st May 1976

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authory if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL

1.1 Mechanical pilot hoists and ancillery equipment shall be of such design and construction as to ensure that the pilot can be embarked and disembarked in a safe manner.

1.2 The working load shall be the sum of the weight of the ladder and falls in the fully lowered condition and the maximum number of persons which the hoist is designed to carry, the mass of each person being taken as 150 kg.

1.3 Every pilot hoist shall be of such construction that when operating under the defined working load each component shall have an adequate factor of safety having regard to the material used, the method of construction and the nature of its duty.

1.4 In selecting the materials of construction, due regard shall be paid to the conditions under which the hoist will be required to operate.

1.5 The operator shall be able to control the hoist when he is in a standing position and looking over the ship's side for observing the hoist, even in its lowest position.

1.6 The manufacturer of the pilot hoist shall supply with each installation an approved maintenance manuel, together with a maintenance log.

2. CONSTRUCTION

2.1 The hoist shall generally consist of the following three main parts, but hoists of other equally efficient constructions may be considered

(a) a mechanical powered appliance together with means for a safe passage from the hoist to the deck and vice versa;

(b) two separate falls;

(c) a ladder consisting of two parts

(i) a rigid upper part for the transportation of the pilot upwards or downwards;

(ii) a lower part consisting of a short length of pilot ladder, which enables the pilot to climb from the pilot launch to the upper part of the hoist and vice versa.

2.2 (a) The design of the winch shall include a brake or other equally effective arrangement such as a properly constructed worm drive, which is capable of supporting the working load in the event of power failure.

(b) Efficient hand gear shall be provided to lower or recover the pilot(s) at a reasonable speed in the event of power failure. The brake or other arrangement in sub-paragraph (a) above shall be capable of supporting the working load when the hand gear is in use.

(c) Crank handle(s) provided for manual operation shall, when engaged, be interlocked so that the power supply is automatically cut off.

(d) Hoists shall be fitted with safety devices to automatically cut off the power supply when the ladder comes against any stop to avoid overstressing the falls or other parts of the hoist. However, in the case of hoists operated by pneumatic power, if the maximum torque available from the air motor cannot result in overstressing of the falls or other parts of the hoist, the safety cut-out may be omitted.

(e) All hoist controls shall incorporate an emergency stop to cut off the power supply.

(f) The winch controls shall be clearly and durably marked to indicate the action to »Hoist«, »Stop« and »Lower«. The movement of these controls shall correspond with the movement of the hoist returning to the stop position when released.

(g) Efficient arrangements shall be provided to ensure that the falls wind evenly onto the winch-drums.

(h) The winch shall be capable of hoisting or lowering the pilot(s) at a speed of between 0,25 and 0,50 m per second.

(i) Any electrical appliance associated with the ladder section of the hoist shall be operated at a voltage not exceeding 25 volts DC or 25 volts rms AC with respect to earth potential.

2.3 (a) Two separate wire rope falls shall be used, made of flexible steel of adequate strength and resistent to corrosion in a salt-laden atmosphere.

(b) Wire ropes shall be securely attached to the winch-drums and the ladder. These attachments shall be capable of withstanding a proof load of not less than 2,2 times the load on such attachments. The falls shall be maintained at a sufficient relative distance from one another.

(c) The wire rope falls shall be of sufficient length to allow for all conditions of freeboard encountered in service and to retain at least three turns on the winch-drums with the hoist in its lowest position.

2.4 The ladder section shall comprise a rigid and a flexible part, complying with the following requirements

(a) The rigid part shall be not less than 2,50 m in length and be equipped in such a way that the pilot can maintain a safe position whilst being hoisted or lowered. Such parts shall be provided with

(i) a sufficient number of steps to provide a safe and easy access to and from the platform;

(ii) suitable protection against extremes of temperature to provide safe handholds and fitted with non-skid steps;

(iii) a spreader at the lower end of not less than 1,80 m. The ends of the spreader shall be provided with rollers of adequate size which shall roll freely on the ship's side during the whole operation of embarking or disembarking;

(iv) an effective guard ring, suitably padded, so positioned as to provide physical support for the pilot without hampering his movements;

(v) adequate means for communication between the pilot and the operator and/or the responsible officer who supervises the embarkation or disembarkation of the pilot;

(vi) whenever possible an emergency stop switch within easy reach of the pilot by means of which he may cut off the power.

(b) Below the rigid part mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) above, a section of pilot ladder comprising 8 steps shall be provided, constructed in accordance with the following requirements

(i) The steps of the pilot ladder shall be

(1) of hardwood, or other material of equivalent properties, made in one pice, free of knots, having an efficient nonslip surface; the four lowest steps may be made of rubber of sufficient strength and stiffness or of other suitable material of equivalent characteristics;

(2) not less than 480 mm long, 115 mm wide, and 25 mm in depth, excluding any non-slip device;

(3) equally spaced not less than 300 mm nor more than 380 mm apart and be secured in such a manner that they will remain horizontal.

(ii) The side ropes of the ladder shall consist of two uncovered manilla or other suitable ropes not less than 60 mm in circumference on each side. Each rope shall be continuous with no joins below the top step.

(c) The steps of the flexible pilot ladder and those of the rigid ladder shall be in the same vertical line, of the same width, spaced vertically equidistant and placed as close as practicable to the ship's side. The handholds of both parts of the ladder shall be aligned as closely as possible.

3. TESTING

3.1 Every new pilot hoist shall be subjected to an overload test of 2,2 times the working load. During this test the load shall be lowered a distance of not less than 5,0 m.

3.2 An operating test of 10 per cent overload shall be carried out after installation on board the ship to check the attachment and performance of the hoist to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPROVAL AND TESTING

OF SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS FOR

THE USE OF FIREMEN IN SHIPS ACCORDING TO

REGULATION 63 OF CHAPTER 2 IN SOLAS 1960

(Only SI units are used in the common requirments given in the following pages. The table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph Si unit Metric unit Imperial unit

2.4 18,0 kg 18,0 kg 39,6 lb

3.2 85 cubdm 85 cubdm 3 cubft 0,25 kPa 25 mm water gauge 1 in water gauge

3.3 115 cubdm 115 cubdm 4 cub.ft 0,50 kPa 50 mm water gauge 2 in water gauge

3.5 1200 cubdm 1,2 cubmm 42,4 cubft

4.4(a) 25 kg 25 kg 55 lb

4.4(b) 1,0 kPa 100 mm water gauge 3,9 in water gauge

4.5 85 cubdm 85 cubdm 3 cubft 0,25 kPa 25 mm water gauge 1 in water gauge 115 cubdm 115 cubdm 4 cubft 0,50 kPa 50 mm water gauge 2 in water gauge

4.6 0,98 kN 102 kp 225 lbf

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPROVAL AND TESTING

OF SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS FOR

THE USE OF FIREMEN IN SHIPS ACCORDING TO CHAPTER II/2 IN SOLAS

In force since 15 June 1976

(amended 21 September 1976

and 5 May 1977)

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. DEFINITIONS

Self-contained breathing apparatus is defined as a compressed fresh-air cylinder and associated apparatus to be carried by a person to allow him to breathe in a contaminated atmosphere.

2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be of the open circuit compressed air type in which compressed air is fed through a demand valve and breathing tube to the face-mask and in which exhaled air passes through a non-return valve to the atmosphere.

2.2 The apparatus must effectively be capable of protecting the user during a stay in an atmosphere polluted by smoke, dust, fog, gases and/or vapours and/or where there is a deficit of oxygen.

2.3 All materials shall be resistent to corrosion in a marine atmosphere. Such materials shall be fire resistant, as far as practicable, and shall be resistant to frictional sparking.

2.4 The mass of the apparatus fully charged shall be as low as possible and not exceed 18,0 kg. 2.5 The face-mask shall fulfil the following

(a) It must not during normal use irritate or discolour the skin

(b) It shall be capable of repeated cleaning and disinfection

(c) It shall be close-fitting to the face

(d) The dead space inside the face-mask shall be as small as possible

(e) If the mask is fitted with sighting glass this shall be so placed as to give the user a satisfactory field of vision and it shall be without stripes, bubbles and other faults and be of good heat and mechanical resistance.

2.6 Cylinders for compressed air shall be marked with the test pressure, the last date of pressure testing, the capacity and be clearly marked to indicate that they contain compressed fresh air.

2.7 The apparatus shall be clearly and durably marked with the type, name of manufacturer or trade mark.

2.8 The manufacturer's instruction for use and maintenance shall be supplied with each apparatus.

3. EQUIPMENT OF SELF-CONTAINING BREATHING APPARATUS

3.1 The equipment of a self-containing breathing apparatus shall include the following

(a) Face-mask, according to 2.5

(b) Exhalation valve

(c) Demand valve

(d) Airline

(e) One or more air cylinders

(f) Reducing valve

(g) Manometer

(h) Means for retreat signal

(j) Carrying arrangement for one or more cylinders

3.2 The exhalation valve shall be manufactured so that the resistance in the valve by constant flow of 85 cubdm air per min does not exceed 0,25 kPa, or as required by the importing Participating Authority.

3.3 The demand valve shall be manufactured so that the air-admission to the face-mask is sufficient under suitable pressure and so that it ensures a minimum of inconvenience for the user. The vacuum in direction of inhalation must be constant flow of 115 cubdm air per min not exceed 0,50 kPa or as required by the importing Participating Authority.

3.4 The airline shall be flexible and pliable. It must not restrain the movement of the head or block the air flow.

3.5 The storage capacity of the compressed air cylinder or cylinders attached to the apparatus and carried by the wearer shall be at least 1200 cubdm of free air.

3.6 The manometer shall be connected to the cylinder or cylinders by an airline, the length of which shall allow the user to read the dial without taking off the apparatus.

3.7 The apparatus shall provide a suitable warning to the wearer that indicates when the cylinder pressure drops to a determined level.

3.8 The carrying arrangement for the equipment shall be of durable construction, of minimal restraint for the user and shall be adjustable.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING

4.1 The apparatus shall be type-tested by carrying out the tests specified below, or as required by the importing Participating Authority.

4.2 The test shall be carried out by an institution approved by the Participating Authority concerned.

4.3 The specimens to be tested shall be representative for the production.

4.4 The test for face-mask tightness shall be carried out on three specimens as stated below

(a) Each face-mask shall be tested on three persons of different form of face in a room containing 50 mg bromoacetone per cubm. The tests shall last 10 min for each person. For the first 5 min the persons shall move their heads while walking, and the rest of the time they shall carry out previously agreed tiring work, e.g. carrying a mass of 25 kg. During the test no irritation of eyes or nose must be felt.

(b) Furthermore each face-mask shall be placed on a dummy test head with the valves blocked. The face-mask is thereafter exposed to an interior positive pressure of 1,0 kPa by air containing 0,25 vol. pct. ammonium. The positive pressure shall be kept for one min. A possible outflow of ammonium is detected by means of a cloth soaked by phenolphtalein (1 per cent phenolphthalein-solution in alcohol diluted in water 1 to 100) and spread over the face-mask. If the face-mask is not tight, the cloth will turn red.

4.5 Measuring and control of breath resistance shall be carried out on three specimens as follows

The exhalation valve in the self-contained breathing face-mask shall be tested during constant airflow of 85 cubdm per min. The resistance in the valve must not exceed 0,25 kPa. The demand valve shall be tested during constant airflow of 115 cubdm per min in inhalation direction and the vacuum in the face-mask must not exceed 0,50 kPa.

4.6 A mechanical strength test shall be carried out on one specimen by exposing the belt with the coupling arrangement to a pull of 0,98 kN.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOATS

In force since 20th November 1976

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

GENERAL

These requirements cover all totally enclosed lifeboats. Part A is applicable to all such boats; Part B indicates the additional requirements necessary for those boats which are to be classed as »FIRE PROTECTED« lifeboats.

PART A (All totally enclosed lifeboats)

All totally enclosed lifeboats shall comply with the requirements for lifeboats contained in SOLAS Chapter III Regulations 5 -7 and when constructed of G.R.P. shall also comply with the Common Requirements for G.R.P. lifeboats.

1. CANOPY

The canopy shall be capable of being fully closed watertight and shall be of sufficient strength to support the weight of the fully loaded boat floating in the capasized condition without distortion. The canopy shall also be capable of withstanding the effect of one person jumping from a height of 2 m.

2. ACCESS

Access opening shall be arranged so as to ensure easy embarkation and disembarkation. Means for operating the doors or hatches to such openings shall be available on both the inside and outside of the lifeboat. Handles shall be provided on each side.

3. OBSERVATION

The canopy shall be fitted with observation windows for the use of the helmsman.

4. VENTILATION

4.1 Natural vemtilation shall be arranged, the ventilators being of adequate size to provide sufficient fresh air for the occupants and combustion air for the engine in all weather conditions when all doors, hatches and observation ports are closed.

4.2 The ventilators shall close automatically in the event of the boat capsizing; provision shall be made to close the ventilators manually from inside the boat.

5. LIGHTING

Artificial and natural lighting shall be available in the lifeboat.

6. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

6.1 The canopy, working decks and canopy openings shall be arranged to facilitate boarding and rescue work at sea.

6.2 The arrangement shall permit a person to be lifted from the boat by helicopter.

6.3 Working decks shall have non-skid surfaces.

7. STABILITY

7.1 The stability in the upright condition shall be as indicated in the Common Requirements for G.R.P. lifeboats.

7.2 In the event of capasizing the boat shall be capable of being righted from the inside by the persons in the boat.

7.3 The righting characteristics shall be confirmed by a righting test carried out as indicated in Appendix 1.

8. SEAT BELTS

Seat belts shall be fitted to secure occupants at the seating positions. The belts shall be effective at all angles of heel including the capsized position.

9. STEERING

9.1 The steering position shall be adjacent to an observation window.

9.2 Provision shall be made for emergency steering.

9.3 The boat's compass shall be permanently mounted at the steering position.

10. LOWERING ARRANGEMENTS

10.1 An acceptable type of disengaging gear shall be fitted operable by those inside the canopy under closed down conditions.

10.2 It shall be possible to release the boat from the falls or blocks at the hook positions.

11. PROPULSION

The boat shall be fitted with an engine and shall be capable of going ahead in smooth water at the specified speed when loaded with its full complement.

12. MACHINERY INSTALLATION

12.1 The engine shall comply with the Common Requirements for lifeboat engines.

12.2 Unless the engine is automatically stopped during capsize, the engine, fuel and engine exhaust systems shall be such that in the event of capsize the engine will continue to function during capsizing and following the subsequent righting of the boat. If the engine is watercooled an engine driven pump shall be capable of running on no load with the lifeboat out of the water for a period of at least 5 min without overheating or other damage. Sea water pumps associated with the engine shall be self priming. An indirect cooling system shall be capable of being protected against temperatures of minus 50 degrees C, e.g. by suitable antifreeze additive.

12.3 Engine and gearbox dipsticks and lubricating oil filler caps shall be oil tight and arrangements shall be provided to prevent the loss of oil through crankcase breather pipes to enable the engine to run inverted. A sample engine shall be subjected to the tests detailed in Appendix 2.

12.4 Means shall be provided for preventing sea water entering the exhaust pipe and to prevent air locks forming in the fuel system. The fuel tank ventilating arrangements must not allow the escape of oil when the tank is inverted.

12.5 To demonstrate that the fuel and exhaust arrangements will enable the engine to run during and following a capasize an inversion test on the lifeboat with the engine running shall be conducted, unless the engine is automatically stopped during capsize, which shall be demonstrated.

12.6 The propulsion machinery shall be so arranged that it is possible to start the engine and to control the engine output and direction of thrust of the propeller, from the helmsman's position.

12.7 If electric accumulator batteries are fitted they shall be of a type that will not allow the electrolyte to leak during capsizing. Where charging of batteries in situ from the ship's main source of power is employed the charging arrangements must not interfere with the launching of the lifeboat and the electrical supply into the boat shall be not more than 55 volts. The batteries shall be suitably ventilated.

12.8 Instructions shall be provided at the helmsman's position indicating the main and emergency means of starting and controlling the engine and the use of the emergency tiller.

PART B (Additional requirements for fire protected lifeboats)

Fire protected lifeboats shall be capable of safely convening the full complement through a fire on the surface of the water for a period of at least 5 min at the specified speed with the boat under full control.

13. FIRE TEST

Prototype fire protected lifeboats shall be subjected to fire tests as considered necessary by the Participating Authority of the importing country. Details of the tests required are at Appendix 3.

14. SPEED

The lifeboat shall be capable of going ahead in smooth water at a speed of at least 6 knots when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment. Where an engine driven spray pump is fitted it shall be operating at full output at the time of the speed trial.

15. AIR SUPPLY

15.1 Sufficient air shall be provided internally for the life support of the full complement, combustion air for the engine at full power and also to ensure that a positive pressure is maintained within the canopy for a period of at least 10 min.

15.2 The air shall be distributed within the lifeboat so as to be available to all the occupants.

15.3 Closed canopy tests shall be conducted on prototype boats prior to the fire test required under point 13 with the engine running at full speed to ensure that a positive air pressure is obtained within the canopy and to ascertain the duration of the air supply taking into account the full complement. Production boats shall be tested for air tightness.

15.4 Air cylinders shall be made to a specification acceptable to the Participating Authority of the importing country and shall be provided with a pressure gauge to permit a check on the contents without the loss of air.

16. WATER SPRAY

16.1 Where a water spray systems is fitted to protect the lifeboat externally in a fire the sea water pumps shall be self priming and associated pipe work shall be of copper or an equivalent material. Any spray system shall be capable of operating for at least the same period of time and simultaneously with the air supply for engine and occupants (see point 15.1).

16.2 When an air driven spray system is fitted means shall be provided for periodic testing of the system without depleting or contaminating the air supply in the lifeboat.

16.3 If the spray system is supplied from a pump driven from the lifeboat engine simple and readily operable means shall be provided to control the output of the pump without damaging the pump so that the lifeboat may be used for normal duties without the spray pump operating.

16.4 The spray system shall be capable of being flushed through with fresh water after it has been tested in sea water and any necessary fittings shall be supplied with the lifeboat.

16.5 The spray system shall be tested on each lifeboat to demonstrate adequate coverage of the lifeboat.

16.6 The spray pump shall be readily accessible for maintenance.

16.7 The spray system shall be fitted with suitable arrangements to enable the system to be automatically drained to prevent frost damage in cold conditions.

17. INSTRUCTIONS AND CONTROLS

17.1 Where practicable all controls shall be centralized at the helmsman's position but in any case they shall be positioned so that the number of persons required to operate them is a minimum.

17.2 Notices shall be provided regarding the operation of the controls for the air supply, water spray system and other controls provided within the lifeboat. These notices shall be clear and easily readable and situated at both the operating position and the helmsman's position.

17.3 A comprehensive instruction manual shall be supplied with each lifeboat and the recommended frequency and details of testing of the special equipment shall be included in the manual.

17.4 The notices and instructions shall be in the languages as may be required by the Participating Authority in the importing country, supplemented wherever feasible by pictorial methods of explanation.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOATS

Appendix 1

SELF RIGHTING TEST

This test is carried out to confirm the self righting characteristics of the fully loaded boat.

1. The boat shall be fully loaded with weights to represent the full number of persons for which the boat is certified together with boat equipment.

2. The weights shall be at the normal operating positions where possible secured by the seat belts.

3. A strap shall be arranged with one end attached to a lifting appliance and the other secured in such a way that the boat can be rotated through 180 degrees about a fore and aft axis.

4. The boat shall be rotated by the strap. To ensure that there is no position of intermediate stability, lifting shall be carried out incrementally and the boat shall tend to return to the upright position wherever the lifting appliance is released.

5. Rotation shall continue to 180 degrees when the boat shall right completing 360 degrees rotation.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOATS

Appendix 2

ENGINE TEST PROCEDURE

The following tests are required to confirm that the engine will, as required by this common requirement, operate during and after capsize, and are additional to normal lifeboat engine tests.

The engine to be tested, together with its fuel tank, shall be mounted on a rotable frame. The frame shall be arranged so that the engine and fuel tank can be rotated about an axis equivalent to the fore and aft axis of the boat.

The following full speed tests shall be carried out

1. Start engine and run for 5 min.

2. Stop engine and turn through 360 degrees in a clockwise direction.

3. Restart engine and run for ten min.

4. Stop engine and turn through 360 degrees in an anticlockwise direction.

5. Restart engine, run for ten min then shut down.

6. Allow engine to cool down.

7. Start engine and run for 5 min.

8. Rotate engine in a clockwise direction through 180 degrees, hold at the 180 degrees position for 10 s then rotate a further 180 degrees in clockwise direction to complete one revolution.

9. Allow engine to continue to run for 10 min.

10. Repeat point 8 turning in an anticlockwise direction.

11. Repeat point 9.

12. Rotate engine in a clockwise direction through 180 degrees and stop engine. Rotate a further 180 degrees to complete one clockwise revolution.

13. Restart engine and run for 10 min.

14. Repeat point 12 turning anticlockwise.

15. Restart engine run for 10 min then shut down.

16. Strip engine for examination.

17. The boat with the engine fitted and running shall be turned through 360 degrees and the engine shall continue to run throughout the capsizal and for 10 min after, unless arranged to stop automatically during capsize.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOATS

Appendix 3

FIRE TEST

1. A fire test is to be carried out as may be required by the Participating Authority to confirm that the boat is resistant to flames and heat and can safely suppport the life of the full complement in »fire on the water« conditions for at least 5 min.

2. The boat shall be moored in a test area, sufficient oil (kerosene) shall be pumped on the water in the test area to sustain a fire which will completely envelope the boat for the specified time.

3. The boat shall be moored with the engine running at full speed and sprays working at commencement of the test; the propeller need not be turning.

4. The temperature shall be recorded at various positions on the inside surface and internally at positions which will be taken up by the occupants. The arrangements shall be such that maximum temperatures attained are recorded.

5. The inside atmosphere shall be continuously sampled and the samples analysed for the presence of toxic or injurious gases or substances.

6. The pressure inside the boat shall be continuously recorded in order to confirm that positive inside pressure is maintained.

7. The test report shall contain details of the readings for temperature, pressure and toxic or injurious substances and gases.

8. Subject to the physical conditions of the boat after the test acceptance will be conditional upon a report from an independent competent authority to the effect that the inside atmosphere and conditions will sustain human life for the specified time.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION OF GANGWAYS AND ACCOMMODATION

LADDERS INCLUDING PLATFORMS

(Only SI units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. Except for units of length the table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI unit Metric unit Imperial unit

2.3 4,0 kN/sqm 408 kp/sqm 83,5 lbf/sqft

2.4 5,0 kN/sqm 510 kp/sqm 104 lbf/sqft

3.5 2 x 0,75 kN 2 x 76 kp 2 x 169 lbf 0,75 kN 76 kp 169 lbf

3.6 1,0 kN 102 kp 225 lbf 2 x 1,0 kN 2 x 102 kp 2 x 225 lbf

4.1 4,0 kN/sqm 408 kp/sqm 83,5 lbf/sqft

4.3 5,0 kN/sqm 510 kp/sqm 104 lbf/sqft

4.4 0,36 sqm 0,36 sqm 3,9 sqft

4.6 5,0 kN/sqm 510 kp/sqm 104 lbf/sqft

4.7 6,0 kN/sqm 612 kp/sqm 125 lbf/sqft

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION OF GANGWAYS AND ACCOMMODATION

LADDERS INCLUDING PLATFORMS

In force since 20th November 1976

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme, as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL

1.1 Gangways, accommodation ladders and other means of access, including platforms, shall be type-approved.

1.2 Means of access shall be constructed with a safety factor of at least 2,5 in relation to the guaranteed yield point of the material (for aluminium the yield point is calculated at a permanent alongation of 0,2 per cent).

1.3 Means of access shall be provided with necessary fastening rings, eye plates or similar fittings so it can be secured safely with chains, ropes or similar attachments. Eye plates, mountings for lashings, rings, attachments for suspension, ropes (strops) etc. shall be made of steel or equivalent material.

1.4 Between aluminium and steel there shall be insulation of non-hygroscopic material by means of an approved method.

1.5 Means of access in the form of a gangway, accommodation ladder or similar construction and associated platforms shall be equipped with guard rails on both sides with at least two courses in its whole length. The height of the rail, distance between stanchions and the number of courses shall be to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

1.6 Means of access which in a turned out position may rest on the quay or similar, shall be provided with a roller or wheels at the lower end.

1.7 Means of access shall at the lower end be provided with a device so that a protective net can be fastened and spread out in a suitable way.

1.8 Gangways and accommodation ladders shall at an easily visible place be provided with a conspicuous notice indicating the highest and lowest inclination to the horizontal at which the means of access may be used.

1.9 Fixed guard rails which form an integral part of the means of access may be taken into account in calculating the strength. Such fixed guard rails shall not be removed during the load test.

1.10. Chains, shackles, rings etc. which are used for suspension or heaving of commodation ladders or gangways shall be tested and certified and have a safety factor against breaking of 5. Cordage shall be of certified strength and have a safety factor against breaking of 8. Wire ropes shall be of certified strength and have a safety factor against breaking of 6.

2. CONSTRUCTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR GANGWAYS

2.1 Gangways shall have a clear width of step and between handrails or guard rails of at least 550 mm.

2.2 Gangways shall be provided with suitably shaped transverse treads, which give satisfactory foothold for the permitted inclination of the gangway. The distance between the treads shall not be more than 400 mm or less than 300 mm measured along the gangway. The gangway shall be provided with nonskid surface.

2.3 Gangways shall be calculated for a distributed static load of 4,0 kN/sqm plus the weight of the gangway. The area subjected to the load is calculated as the length of the gangway multiplied by the width between the barriers. The gangway shall have sufficient security against buckling and the strength shall be checked.

2.4 Before any gangway is type-approved a prototype shall be test-loaded in a horizontal position, without guard rails other than fixed guard rails taken into account in the strength calculation, and supported at both ends only and in the normal way as carried on board. The test load shall be at least 5,0 kN/sqm and be evenly distributed. The deflection must not be more than 1/100 for steel and 1/75 for aluminium of the length of the gangway. No permanent deformation shall remain after the tests.

2.5 If a gangway shall be used also as an accommodation ladder the requirement in section 3 shall be complied with.

3. CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCOMMODATION LADDERS

3.1 Accommodation ladders shall have a clear width of step and between handrails or guard rails of at least 550 mm.

3.2 Accommodation ladders shall have adjustable steps or other design which will provide satisfactory foothold for all inclination angles between 0 and 55 degrees to the horizontal. The steps shall be provided with a non-skid surface.

3.3 Fixed steps are only allowed on accommodation ladders which have inclination angles of 20-50 degrees to the horizontal.

3.4 Accommodation ladders shall be provided with an upper and a lower platform.

3.5 Accommodation ladders with a clear step-length of 550 mm not exceeding 600 mm shall be calculated for a static load of at least 0,75 kN placed at the middle of each step plus the weight of the accommodation ladder. Where the step-length is more than 600 mm but not exceeding 1000 mm the accommodation ladder shall be calculated for a static load of 2 x 0,75 kN on each step, i.e. 0,75 kN each placed 1/4 of the step-length from the inner side of the stringer plus the weight of the accommodation ladder. The accommodation ladder shall have sufficient security against buckling and the strength shall be checked.

3.6 Before any accommodation ladder is type-approved a prototype shall be test-loaded in a horizontal position and supported at the ends only and in a normal way as on board. The test loads on each step shall be at least 1,0 kN or 2 x 1,0 kN and be placed as stated in 3.5. During the first test the deflection shall not be more than 1/100 for steel and 1/75 for aluminium of the length of the accommodation ladder and no permanent deformation shall remain after the tests.

3.7 If an accommodation ladder shall be used also as a gangway the rules in section 2 shall be complied with.

4. CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PLATFORMS ON GANGWAYS AND ACCOMMODATION LADDERS

4.1 The upper platform and intermediate platforms shall be calculated for a distributed static load of 4,0 kN/sqm plus the weight of the accommodation ladder or gangway suspended in the most unfavourable position with the load which is stated in 2.3 or 3.5.

4.2 The upper platform shall preferably be provided with means for turning so that the means of access is easy to turn towards the quay.

4.3 The lower platform shall be calculated for a distributed static load of 5,0 kN/sqm.

4.4 Platforms shall have a free surface of at least 0,36 sqm.

4.5 The lower platform shall have a strong rail or standchion.

4.6 Platforms which shall be used together with a typeapproved accommodation ladder shall be test-loaded together with this type of accommodation ladder and/or gangway. The test load for the upper and intermediate platform, if any, shall be at least 5,0 kN/sqm plus 50 per cent of the total weight of the accommodation ladder or gangway and lower platform as stated in 2.4 and 3.6 (for intermediate platforms, 50 per cent af that part which is suspended below the platform).

4.7 The platform shall during the test be suspended in a normal way as on board and the test load for accommodation ladders or gangways shall be suspended from the intended attachment point. The lower platform shall be suspended in a normal way from the accommodation ladder and/or gangway and be test-loaded with 6,0 kN/sqm.

5. TYPE APPROVAL

Application for type approval for means of access shall be made to the Participating Authority. The application for approval shall be accompanied by detailed drawings and calculations in triplicate with information of the safe working load for which the means of access is constructed.

Type-designation and name under which the means of access is intended to be sold shall be specified. A gangway may be type-approved without a platform.

6. TEST ON BOARD

Shipboard tests shall be to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority of the country of registry.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFE-JACKETS

(Only Si units are used in the common requirements given in the following pages. The table below sets out the corresponding metric and imperial units)

Paragraph SI-unit Metric unit Imperial unit

4.1 0.8 kN/50 mm 81.6 kp/50 mm 179.9 lbf/1.97 in

4.2 0.5 kN/50 mm 51.0 kp/50 mm 112.4 lbf/1.97 in

9.1 60 kg 60 kg 132 lb 70 kg 70 kg 154 lb 80 kg 80 kg 176 lb

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFE-JACKETS

In force since 1st November 1979

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL

A life-jacket shall comply with SOLAS, Chapter III, Regulation 22 (c), and in addition with the following requirements. It shall also fulfil the recommended performance test according to IMCO Resolution A 169/ES IV as further specified under section 9.

2. MATERIALS

Materials shall be of a type which satisfies the Participating Authority. Tests shall be carried out on samples of materials and components as supplied for use in the manufacture of the life-jacket, and as far as practicable in the form in which it is intended that they shall be incorporated.

3. TESTS ON BUOYANCY MATERIALS MADE OF FOAM

Such buoyancy materials shall be subject to the following tests, which are to be carried out after the removal of any skin or rind and with clean cuts.

3.1 The materials shall be able to resist temperatures between minus 30 degrees C and plus 65 degrees C. The specimens are to be alternately submitted for 7 h to air temperatures of plus 65 degrees and minus 30 degrees C. Ten complete cycles are to be carried out, viz.

(a) The first day

A 7 h cycle at plus 65 degrees C plus minus 2 degrees to be completed in one day.

(b) The specimens are to be removed from the warming chamber the same day kept in ordinary room conditions until the next day.

(c) The second day

A 7 h cycle at minus 30 degrees C plus minus 2 degrees C to be completed the same day.

(d) The specimens are to be removed from the cold chamber the same day and kept in ordinary room conditions until the next day.

After completion of the ten cycles (a) to (d) the materials must show no sign either of external or of internal changes of structure or of mechanical qualities. Reduction of buoyancy must not exceed 5 per cent.

3.2 Buoyancy materials shall both before and after the temperature test, cfr. 3.1, be tested for resistance to oil and oil products according to Swedish Standard SIS 882221, point 7. After the tests the materials must show no sign of damage such as shrinking, swelling, dissolution or changes of mechanical qualities. Reduction of buoyancy must not exceed 5 per cent.

4. MATERIALS FOR COVER, TAPES AND SEAMS

4.1 The new materials, after rotproofing, if required, shall have a tensile strength of not less than 0.8 kN/50 mm, determined in accordance with British Standard BS 2576: 1967.

4.2 The materials shall be resistent to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. When the materials have been exposes to light, minimum to class 5 - 6, in accordance with ISO 105 BO2 - 1978, »Normal Condition«, the tensile strength determined in accordance with British Standard BS 2576: 1967 shall not be less than 0.5 kN/50 mm.

4.3 Seams shall be to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority.

4.4 The materials shall be able to resist temperatures between minus 30 degrees C and plus 65 degrees C and shall be tested in accordance with the test for buoyancy materials, cfr. 3.1., with the additional requirment that the materials shall be capable of being folded at minus 30 degrees without damage.

4.5 The materials shall be resistent to oil and oil products. They shall be tested in accordance with the test for buoyancy matrials, cfr. 3.2.

4.6 The covers shall be of a highly visible colour (for example strong yellow or red orange).

Colour fastness

(a) The resistance to exposure of light when tested in accordance with ISO/R 105V - 1969, part 2, »Normal Conditions«, shall not be less than class 5.

(b) The resistance to rubbing off when tested in accordance with ISO/R 105 - 1959, part 18, dry and wet rubbing, shall not be less than class 3.

(c) The resistance to sea water when tested in accordance with ISO/R 105 - 1959, part 23, shall not be less than class 4.

5. METAL PARTS OF LIFE-JACKETS

The materials shall be resistant to corrosion. They shall be tested according to British Standard BS 1391: 1952, part 2. After 100 h there must be no sign of corrosion.

6. RETRO-REFLECTIVE TAPES

6.1 Each life-jacket shall on the outside and on the inside be fitted with six retro-reflective tapes of 50 mm x 100 mm. These tapes shall be placed as high up on the jacket as possible.

6.2 The retro-reflective tapes shall meet the conditions set by the United States Government Specification LS-300-A of january 1970.

7. FIRE TEST ON COMPLETED LIFE-JACKET

Where required by a Participating Authority a fire test shall be carried out on the completed life-jacket in accordance with Swedish Standard KOV 513-3773-1.

8. ASSESSMENT OF BUOYANCY IN FRESH WATER OF COMPLETED

LIFE-JACKET

Buoyancy in fresh water of a completed life-jacket shall be determined in accordance with Swedish Standard SIS 882221, point 2. Reduction of total buoyancy must not exceed 5 per cent in 24 h.

9. PERFORMANCE TESTS

The test shall be carried out with at least six persons of the following heights and weights

Height Weight

1.40 m - 1.60 m 1 person under 60 kg 1 person over 60 kg

over 1.60 m - 1.80 m 1 person under 70 kg 1 person over 70 kg

over 1.80 m 1 person under 80 kg 1 person over 80 kg

Two of the persons shall be females. As far as possible similar criteria shall be applied in the approval of life-jackets for children.

10. WHISTLE

10.1 The whistle shall be non-metallic and be fastened to the jacket by a cord of suitable length.

10.2 The whistle must not be adversely affected by water or humidity.

11. OTHER TESTS

Other methods of testing the materials etc. will be accepted if it is proved to the satisfaction of the Participating Authority that the tests indicate the appropriate qualitative characteristic of materials and that the test results correspond to the requirements laid down.

12. RESERVATION AS TO APPROVAL

Notwithstanding that a life-jacket or the materials incorporated satisfy the requirements laid down above the Participating Authority may reject a life-jacket when it is found unfit for its purpose.

13. MARKINGS

A life-jacket shall be clearly and permanently marked with the name of the manufacturer or his trade mark, with the name under which the jacket is sold, the year of manufacture, and with a mark showing by which Participating Authority it has been approved. Life-jackets intended for use by children shall be suitably marked to indicate this. The markings shall be approved by the Participating authority and shall be in the language or languages stipulated by the Participating Authority.

COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR TYPE TESTING OF

FIRE ALARM CABINETS AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENT

PARTS FOR FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

In force since 1 December 1984

N.B.

These common requirements are to be read in connection with the text of the Scheme as revised. Particular attention should be given to paragraph 11 of the Scheme. The reader is advised to ask the relevant Participating Authority if there are any national requirements additional to the provisions of these common requirements.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 As SOLAS Convention 74 chapter II-2 Regulation 13 and any relevant amendment thereto.

1.2 Electrical Check Where appropriate, an insulation test and a high voltage test shall be carried out as indicated below.

Insulation resistance test

An insulation resistance test is to be carried out on electrical equipment prior to the functional test. It is to be repeated at the conclusion of the cyclic damp heat test.

The minimum insulation resistance values shown in the following table shall be obtained between supply terminals and earth.

Rated Supply Test-Voltage Insulation Resistance Voltage d.c. Functional Damp Heat test test

up to 65 V 2 x supply voltage 10 M omega 1 M omega minimum 24 V

over 65 V 500 V 100 M omega 10 M omega

High voltage test

The equipment under test shall be capable of withstanding a high a.c. voltage for one minute, between live parts and earth, the test voltage being selected from the following table. Rated Insulation Test Voltage

Voltage a.c. or d.c. a.c.

Up to 60 1000 60 - 300 2000

300 - 660 2500

660 - 800 3000

800 - 1000 3500

Where very low voltage equipment is to be tested, the test voltage may be reduced to 500 V a.c. The test voltage frequency shall be between 45 Hz and 62 Hz.

The test shall be carried out prior to and after the tests required by Sections 3 and 4.

2. VISUAL INSPECTION

2.1 Before commencement of the tests described in sections 3 and 4 the test specimen shall, in open condition, be subjected to a thorough visual inspection during which its conditions is ascertained and assessed.

2.2 This assessment shall include mechanical composition, quality of components and material, quality of workmanship including surface treatment, soldering and attachment, etc.

2.2.1 Where it can be directly ascertained that the specimen will fail during subsequent environmental tests, the testing institution or the testing society shall inform the Participating Authority to that effect.

3. FUNCTIONAL TESTING

3.1 During the functional testing the specimen shall be placed in atmospheric conditions as follows

Temperature between 15 degrees C and 35 degrees C, relative humidity between 45 per cent and 75 per cent, air pressure between 860 mbar and 1060 mbar and otherwise as described in IEC publication 68-1, sub-clause 5.3.

3.2 With normal power supply all the functions specified by the Participating Authority for the paricular case shall be tested.

3.3 The power supply for the test specimen shall be switched off and on momentarily on three successive occasions at intervals of not more than five minutes. After each connection of the power supply, the specimen shall be capable of functioning satisfactorily without manual intervention.

3.4 The test specimen shall be capable of functioning as stated in 3.2 at simulated stationary deviations of the power supply of plus 10 per cent and minus 15 per cent of the rated voltage and plus 5 per cent and minus 5 per cent respectively of the frequency.

To simulate the marine environment, the fire detection control and indicating panel shall be tested by subjection to transients in the main power supply voltage of plus minus 20 per cent and a frequency transient of plus minus 10 per cent in a transient recovery time of 3 seconds, and for fluctuation in battery supply voltage of plus 30 per cent to minus 25 per cent.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING

4.1 The functional tests required by this section shall be carried out according to 3.2, provided that deviations from the nominal frequency may be omitted.

4.2 CYCLIC DAMP HEAT TESTING shall be carried out in accordance with IEC publications 68-2-30, Test Db, with 2 cycles, an upper temperature of 55 degrees C, and the 24 hour cycle in accordance with variant 1.

4.2.1 Apart from the time referred to under the below mentioned functional test, the test specimen shall be switched off during the humidity exposure. Functional testing shall be carried out according to 4.1 at the following times in the course of the humidity exposure

During the first cycle within one hour after achieving 55 degrees C chamber temperature.

During the second cycle within one hour of the end of the 55 degrees C phase.

4.2.2 Immediately after the end of the second cycle functional testing shall be carried out according to 4.1. The functional testing shall be concluded with visual inspection during which the condition of the test specimen for any corrosion damage shall be ascertained.

4.3 VIBRATION TESTING shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions corresponding to those described in 3.1. During testing the specimen shall be switched on and it shall be oriented and mounted by normal means of attachment.

The specimen shall be vibrated in three directions perpendicular to one another at levels and within frequency ranges as follows

Frequency Amplitude/Acceleration 3 to 13 Hz 1 mm

13 to 80 Hz 0.7 g

Resonance searching shall be undertaken within the frequency ranges specified. The frequency change shall be continuous, corresponding to not more than one octave per minute.

4.3.1 Resonance searching and endurance testing shall be undertaken as follows

Where acceleration factors of amplification exceeding 5 are ascertained at resonance frequencies or otherwise during acceleration within the frequency range specified, endurance conditioning shall be carried out, the duration of which shall be at least two hours for each point. Where acceleration factors of amplification of less than 5 are ascertained at resonance frequencies or otherwise during acceleration within the frequency range specified, the endurance conditioning shall be undertaken at one frequency, i.e. the frequency giving the greatest amplification factor.

If during resonance searching no resonance or acceleration is ascertained, endurance conditioning shall be carried out of a duration of not less than two hours at 0.7 g and 13 Hz.

Furthermore, the testing procedure as specified in IEC publications 68-2-6, sub-clauses 5.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.2.2 and 5.2.3 shall be followed. Within the last half hour of each endurance conditioning in each direction, functional testing shall be carried out in accordance with 4.1.

4.4 HEAT TESTING of a duration as specified by the Participating Authority shall be carried out according to IEC publication 68-2-2, Test Bb. The upper temperature shall be 55 degrees C or higher as determined by the Participating Authority in each particular case. The test specimen shall be switched on during the entire conditioning period.

Within the last half hour of the heat testing, functional testing shall be carried out according to 4.1. After conclusion of the heat testing, the test specimen shall be opened up and examined visually to ascertain the condition of the specimen.

4.5 COLD TESTING shall be carried out according to IEC publication 68-2-1, Test Ab. at a temperature of 5 degrees for specimens for interior use and minus 25 degrees C for specimens which are to be used in the open air. The test specimen shall in the switched off condition be exposed to the specified conditions for a duration as specified by the Participating Authority. Within the last half hour of the cold conditioning, functional testing shall be carried out according to 4.1. After conclusion of the cold testing, the test specimen shall be opened up and examined visually to ascertain the condition of the specimen.

4.6 Depending on the location of the equipment the Participating Authority may require either of the two following SALT MISTING TESTS

(a) Salt misting testing of 48 hours' duration shall be carried out according to the IEC publication 68-2-11, Test Ka, provided, however, that the salt solution shall consist of 2.7 per cent NaC1, 0.6 per cent MgC12, 0.1 per cent CAC12 and 0.07 per cent KC1.

The pH value shall lie between 6.5 and 7.2.

When the test specimen in the switched off condition and in closed condition has been kept in the mist chamber for 48 hours it shall be removed and left for 16 hours in atmospheric conditions as sepcified under sub-clause 3.1 whereupon functional testing shall be undertaken according to 4.1. After functional testing, visual inspection shall be made during which the condition of the specimen, including any corrosion damage, is ascertained.

(b) The equipment is to be placed in a climatic chamber and allowed to attain test area temperature. Salt solution, at the same temperature, is then to be sprayed in the form of a fine mist into the atmosphere surrounding the equipment. The volume of salt solution so sprayed in each hour should be approximately 1 per cent of the volume of the chamber.

It is essential that there be no contamination of the salt solution being sprayed. Salt solution dripping from the walls and ceilings of the chamber, and from the equipment, must not be resprayed.

The spraying is to continue for 2 hours, after which the equipment is to be maintained at a temperature of 35 degrees C plus minus 2 degrees C with a relative humidity of between 90 and 95 per cent for a period of 7 days. The process of exposing the equipment to salt spray laden atmosphere for 2 hours and of storage for 7 days at 35 degrees C plus minus 2 degrees C and 90 to 95 per cent relative humidity is to be carried out four times.

At the end of the 28 days treatment, the equipment is to be examined for corrosion and deterioration of metal parts, finishes, materials and components, and it is to be given a full performance test.

The salt solution is to be prepared by dissolving the substances listed below in distilled water and making up the volume of the solution to 1 litre. The proportions of the ingredients in the solution are to be within 10 per cent of those shown

Sodium Chloride NaC1 26.5 g

Magnesium Chloride MgC12 2.4 g

Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4 3.3 g

Calcium Chloride CaC12 1.1 g

Potassium Chloride KC1 0.73 g

Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3 0.20 g

Sodium Bromide NaBr 0.28 g

5. The environmental testing shall be completed prior to the fire testing of the specimens.

5.1 Thermal detectors shall be tested in accordance with CEN (European Committee for Standardization) standard EN 54, part 5. Vibration tests shall, however, in addition be conducted on three mutually perpendicular planes.