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Art. 18 Bundesgesetz vom 30. März 1911 betreffend die Ergänzung des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches (OR)
OR; Erste Abteilung: Allgemeine Bestimmungen; Erster Titel: Die Entstehung der Obligationen; Erster Abschnitt: Die Entstehung durch Vertrag; D. Auslegung der Verträge, Simulation
Art. 18 OR
Bei der Beurteilung eines Vertrages sowohl nach Form als nach Inhalt ist der übereinstimmende wirkliche Wille und nicht die unrichtige Bezeichnung oder Ausdrucksweise zu beachten, die von den Parteien aus Irrtum oder in der Absicht gebraucht wird, die wahre Beschaffenheit des Vertrages zu verbergen.
Dem Dritten, der die Forderung im Vertrauen auf ein schriftliches Schuldbekenntnis erworben hat, kann der Schuldner die Einrede der Simulation nicht entgegensetzen.
Gerichtsentscheide zu dieser Bestimmung (869)
100 2020 424 · be (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Appeal Concerning Remuneration for External Audit Under Public-Law Contract
Cited in E. 3.2 regarding the primary importance of the parties' actual mutual will (subjective interpretation) in contract interpretation.
BGE 143 III 564 (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Foreclosure judge lacks authority to interpret judicially approved settlement under contract rules for definitive mainlevée where condition precedent remains unresolved.
Governing interpretation of contracts, which the mainlevée judge may not apply to interpret a judicial settlement.
VVGE.1978.80.Nr.51 · ow (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Land Use Agreement Payment Not Refundable
Cited in the context of interpreting contracts, emphasizing the actual true will of the parties.
AbR.2010.11.Nr.4 · ow (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Contract Discount Does Not Extend to Unforeseen Expenses
This provision governs the interpretation of contracts and the ascertainment of the parties' true intent, which was central to resolving the dispute about the application of the discount to additional costs.
AbR.2006.07.Nr.2 · ow (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Piercing the Corporate Veil of Family Foundations and Invalid Maintenance Foundation.
Cited in relation to simulated legal acts, relevant for determining the true nature and validity of the foundation.
RBOG.2010.Nr.3 · tg (Art. 18 OR)
Landowner Claim for Rent Adjustment Based on Unforeseen Land Value Increase Denied
Cited as a legal basis for adapting a building right contract due to changed circumstances.
NL100149 · zh (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Separate Contracts for Apartment and Parking Spaces
This article is referenced for determining the party's intent in interpreting the contract, which is crucial for establishing whether a single or multiple rental agreements exist.
ZK 2009 219 · be (Art. 18 OR)
Husband's Claim to Appreciation of Farm Transferred as Partial Donation to Wife Denied
Cited in the reasoning to support that the content, not the title, of the contract determines qualification.
ZK 2009 333 · be (Art. 18 Abs. 1 OR)
Promissory Note Guarantee Validity in Provisional Execution
Cited in paragraph 7 of the reasoning regarding the interpretation of the parties' intent concerning the currency of payment.
ZZ.1992.11 · so (Art. 18 OR)
Account Holder v. Bank Regarding Provisional Credit Reversal for Unfunded Check
The decision concerns the interpretation of a clause in the General Terms and Conditions related to the cashing of checks within a current account relationship, which is governed by the provisions of the Swiss Code of Obligations (OR).
4A_326/2025 (Art. 18 CO)
Declaratory action on assignment of loan claims — inadmissibility due to availability of performance action
Used to interpret the parties' intent regarding the contract.
KE 5 2025 · ai (Art. 18 OR)
Insurance Waiver of Statute of Limitations Defense in Time-Barred Tort Claims
The court used this provision to interpret the declarations of waiver of the statute of limitations based on actual will and trust principles.
C/25077/2021 · ge (Art. 18 al. 1 CO)
Employer v. Physician: Contract Interpretation of Salary Payment Basis
Cited as the primary rule governing the interpretation of the contract's true and common intention, which determined the outcome of the merits of the appeal.
C/25852/2021 · ge (art. 18 al. 1 CO)
Employer v. Physician Overpayment Claim Based on Course of Dealing
Cited as the general rule for interpreting the real and common intention of the parties regarding the contract terms, which was central to the dispute's outcome.
C/4936/2021 · ge (art. 18 al. 1 CO)
Physician Compensation Dispute Over Hours Billed Versus Hours Present
Cited as the legal basis for interpreting the real and common intention of the parties regarding the employment contract.