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Art. 31 Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft (BV) - Freiheitsentzug
BV; 2. Titel: Grundrechte, Bürgerrechte und Sozialziele; 1. Kapitel: Grundrechte
Art. 31 BV · Freiheitsentzug
Die Freiheit darf einer Person nur in den vom Gesetz selbst vorgesehenen Fällen und nur auf die im Gesetz vorgeschriebene Weise entzogen werden.
Jede Person, der die Freiheit entzogen wird, hat Anspruch darauf, unverzüglich und in einer ihr verständlichen Sprache über die Gründe des Freiheitsentzugs und über ihre Rechte unterrichtet zu werden. Sie muss die Möglichkeit haben, ihre Rechte geltend zu machen. Sie hat insbesondere das Recht, ihre nächsten Angehörigen benachrichtigen zu lassen.
Jede Person, die in Untersuchungshaft genommen wird, hat Anspruch darauf, unverzüglich einer Richterin oder einem Richter vorgeführt zu werden; die Richterin oder der Richter entscheidet, ob die Person weiterhin in Haft gehalten oder freigelassen wird. Jede Person in Untersuchungshaft hat Anspruch auf ein Urteil innert angemessener Frist.
Jede Person, der die Freiheit nicht von einem Gericht entzogen wird, hat das Recht, jederzeit ein Gericht anzurufen. Dieses entscheidet so rasch wie möglich über die Rechtmässigkeit des Freiheitsentzugs.
Gerichtsentscheide zu dieser Bestimmung (339)
VVGE.1978.80.Nr.14 · ow (Art. 31 BV)
Cantonal Residency Requirement for Electricians Violates Freedom of Trade
Constitutional provision used to determine that the residency requirement for installation permits violates economic freedom.
VVGE.1987.88.Nr.60 · ow (Art. 31 BV)
Dentist's Permit Extension and Foreign Diplomas
This provision was invoked to examine the compatibility of requiring a federal diploma with the freedom of trade and commerce, and to assess the legality of restricting practice permits for foreign diploma holders for economic reasons.
VVGE.1989.90.Nr.38 · ow (Art. 31 BV)
Seasonal to Annual Residence Permit Conversion Denied
Cited in relation to the limitations on the freedom of trade and industry within the general legal order.
VVGE.1989.90.Nr.56 · ow (Art. 31 BV)
Restaurant License Appeal: Labor Market Concerns vs. Needs Clause
Cited as the constitutional basis for freedom of trade and industry, which would be violated if the licensing authority considered labor market considerations.
VVGE.1997.98.Nr.54 · ow (Art. 31 BV)
Private Pool Operator Denied Tourist Tax Funds Due to Public Purpose of Municipal Pool
Cited alongside Art. 4 BV regarding the principle of equal treatment, which the court found not to grant a claim for funds in this case.
RBOG.2007.Nr.38 · tg (Art. 31 Abs. 2 BV)
Fraudulent Lease Agreements and Admissibility of Evidence Under Prior Law
This constitutional provision concerning rights upon deprivation of liberty was discussed in relation to the requirement to inform the accused of their right to remain silent, though the court ultimately found it not applicable retroactively.
ZZ.1998.35 · so (Art. 31 BV)
Notary Licensing Requirements Versus Freedom of Trade
Cited extensively in the reasoning to determine whether the notary could invoke freedom of trade and commerce, concluding he could not.
Verwaltung ARGVP 1991 1221 · ar (Art. 31 BV)
Foreign Nationals and Freedom of Trade in Dentistry Regulation
The decision violates the freedom to engage in trade and industry protected by this article.
ZZ.1975.24 · so (Art. 31 BV)
Gambling Machine Prohibition and Freedom of Trade
The decision addresses the validity of the prohibition against the freedom of trade and industry guaranteed by this article.
BGE 97 I 499 (Art. 31 Cst.)
Cantonal half-day store-closing mandate as social measure upholding equal weekly rest for owner-operators under economic liberty and federal labor law preemption
Cited in the dispositive as the basis for rejecting the claim of violation of freedom of trade and industry.
BGE 96 I 560 (Art. 31 BV)
Cantonal minimum tax on gross receipts of legal entities: permissibility as proxy for economic capacity, unconstitutionality of progressive retail rate, and intercantonal double taxation through turnover allocation.
Ground for partial annulment: the progressive rate was a purely protectionist measure infringing economic freedom; the remaining provisions were upheld.
AUS.2025.125 · bs (Art. 31 Abs. 2 Satz 2 BV)
Detention Justification in Deportation Proceedings Based on Criminal History and Flight Risk
Cited as a basis supporting the necessity of granting free legal representation to a detained person to effectively assert their rights.
502 2025 378 · fr (art. 31 al. 3 Cst.)
Cantonal Court Upholds Extension of Pre-Trial Detention for Accused in Marabout Scams Due to Flight Risk
Cited in the reasoning regarding the right to be judged within a reasonable time, but not in the final orders I-IV.
AUS.2025.119 · bs (Art. 31 Abs. 2 Satz 2 BV)
Detention Upheld Pending Deportation for Commercial Theft Convict
This provision is cited in the reasoning regarding the right to effective legal representation for persons deprived of their liberty, supporting the decision to grant free legal aid.
F-3243/2024 (Art. 31 BV)
Terrorist Threat Designation Upheld Despite Evidence Challenges
The court analyzed this provision in relation to the appellant's claim of deprivation of liberty due to movement restrictions.