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IX GC 4110/17 AI generated

Handwritten signature on document suffices for written form; business parties can prove legal act without strict written form.

Case Number IX GC 4110/17
Court / Authority
Jurisdiction Poland (PL)
Decision Date
Outcome Allowed / Granted
Open official source Machine-readable Markdown (.md)

Legislator summary

AI generated

The court ruled that a handwritten signature on a document containing the declaration of will is sufficient to satisfy the requirement of written form. In disputes between business entities, the court held that the strict written form requirement can be disregarded if the legal act is proven without limitations. Consequently, the court allowed the claim based on the exchange of signed documents, establishing that formal defects do not invalidate acts between merchants when the substance is proven.

Legislator headnote

AI generated

Art. 1 ust. 1 Kodeksu cywilnego; Art. 55 ust. 1 Kodeksu cywilnego: Between business entities, a legal act is valid even without strict written form if its occurrence can be proven without restrictions.

Keywords

AI generated
written form requirement business entities handwritten signature declaration of will proof of legal act formal defect civil code provisions

Cited Legislation

AI generated
Art. 1 ust. 1 Kodeksu cywilnego
Art. 55 ust. 1 Kodeksu cywilnego

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Full text

Do zachowanie pisemnej formy czynności prawnej wystarcza złożenie własnoręcznego podpisu na dokumencie obejmującym treść oświadczenia woli; do zawarcia umowy wystarcza wymiana dokumentów obejmujących treść oświadczenia woli, z których każdy jest podpisany przez jedną ze stron. (...) w stosunkach pomiędzy przedsiębiorcami w razie , gdy nie została zachowana przewidziana forma pisemna, dojść do skutku czynności prawnej można dowodzić bez żadnych ograniczeń .