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ICCJ_86900 AI generated

Global assessment of mitigating circumstances under the more favorable penal law and the prohibition against aggravation on appeal

Case Number ICCJ_86900
Court / Authority
Jurisdiction Romania (RO)
Decision Date
Outcome Allowed / Granted
Open official source Machine-readable Markdown (.md)

Legislator summary

AI generated

The High Court of Cassation and Justice issued a preliminary ruling, obligatory upon publication, establishing that mitigating circumstances are assessed globally in relation to both the criminal offense and the sanction under the principle of applying the more favorable law; specifically, the removal of mitigating circumstances by a new penal code does not violate the prohibition against aggravation on appeal (Art. 418 CPP) if the resulting penalty for the specific act is less severe than the one under the previous law. This decision resolved a conflict of law submitted by the Court of Appeal Craiova regarding whether a juvenile court could maintain mitigating circumstances under the 1969 Penal Code when the new Penal Code was more favorable for the crime, or whether the effects of any retained mitigating circumstances should follow the 1969 Code or the New Penal Code. The court held that mitigating circumstances cannot be analyzed separately from the institution of the penalty when a new law introduces changes to both, and thus the assessment must prioritize the overall non-aggravation of the accused's situation.

Legislator headnote

AI generated

art.5 Cod penal, art. 418 Cod procedură penală, art.477 alin.(3) din Codul de procedură penală; Global assessment of mitigating circumstances under the more favorable penal law and the prohibition against aggravation on appeal: 418 CPP) if the resulting penalty for the specific act is less severe than the one under the previous law. This decision resolved a conflict of law submitted by the Court of Appeal Craiova regarding whether a juvenile court could maintain mitigating circumstances under the 1969 Penal Code when the new Penal Code was more favorable for the crime, or whether the effects of any retained mitigating circumstances should follow the 1969 Code or the New Penal Code. The court held that mitigating circumstances cannot be analyzed separately from the institution of the penalty when a new law introduces changes to both, and thus the assessment must prioritize the overall non-aggravation of the accused's situation.

Keywords

AI generated
mitigating circumstances penal sanctions effects of a preliminary ruling grounds for cassation removal changed circumstances

Cited Legislation

AI generated
art.5 Cod penal
Main ground for the verdict, establishing the principle that mitigating circumstances are assessed globally in relation to the offense and sanction when applying the more favorable law.
art. 418 Cod procedură penală
Procedural rule defining the prohibition against aggravation in the appellate review, which the court clarifies is not violated by the removal of mitigating circumstances if the penalty is less severe.
art.477 alin.(3) din Codul de procedură penală
Procedural basis citing the obligation of the decision starting from the date of its publication in the Official Journal.
AI generated
ICCJ_86933
Retrospective application of the more favorable criminal law for continued offenses: global assessment of the entire code versus autonomous institution approach
ICCJ_86958
Determining the Most Favorable Penal Law Under Article 5: Global Assessment Versus Institution-by-Institution Application During Codic Transitions
ICCJ_86896
Application of favorable criminal law post-final judgment: excluding specific aggravating circumstances from new statutory maximum comparison
Decizia nr. 837/2003
Mitigating circumstances in homicide sentencing despite absence of criminal antecedents and pre-existing conflict
Decizia nr. 2244/2014
Global application of the more favorable Penal Code to reduce sentence for continued trafficking of minors and escape

Key legal questions extracted by Legislator

AI generated
art.5 Cod penal

Main ground for the verdict, establishing the principle that mitigating circumstances are assessed globally in relation to the offense and sanction when applying the more favorable law.

art. 418 Cod procedură penală

Procedural rule defining the prohibition against aggravation in the appellate review, which the court clarifies is not violated by the removal of mitigating circumstances if the penalty is less severe.

art.477 alin.(3) din Codul de procedură penală

Procedural basis citing the obligation of the decision starting from the date of its publication in the Official Journal.

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Full text

ROMÂNIA

Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie

Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept în materie penală

Minuta deciziei nr. 10 Dosar nr. 9/1/2014/HP/P

IN NUMELE LEGII

DECIDE:

Admite sesizarea formulată de Curtea de Apel Craiova, Secţia Penală şi pentru Cauze cu Minori în dosarul nr. 30259/215/2013 în vederea pronunţării unei hotărâri prealabile pentru dezlegarea de principiu a problemelor de drept:

Dacă în aplicarea art.418 Cod procedură penală, privind neagravarea situaţiei în propriul apel, circumstanţele atenuante reţinute de prima instanţă în favoarea inculpatei în condiţiile ort 74 alin.1 Cod penal din 1969, pot fi menţinute în condiţiile art. 5 Cod penal de instanţa de control judiciar, investită doar cu soluţionarea apelului declarat de inculpată, chiar dacă pentru fapta analizată legea penală mai favorabilă o reprezintă noul cod penal;

In măsura în care circumstanţele atenuante trebuie menţinute, efectele atenuante ale acestora sunt cele prevăzute de art. 76 din Cod penal din 1969 sau cele prevăzute de art 76 din noul Cod penal.

Stabileşte că, în aplicarea art.5 Cod penal, circumstanţele atenuante se apreciază global în raport de incriminare şi sancţiune. În situaţia intrării în vigoare a unei noi legi, ce aduce modificări atât cu privire la pedepse, cât şi cu privire la circumstanţe atenuante, circumstanţele ca parte din instituţia sancţiunii unei infracţiuni nu pot fi privite şi analizate distinct faţă de instituţia pedepsei. Înlăturarea circumstanţelor atenuante nu aduce atingere principiului neagravării situaţiei în propria cale de atac prevăzut în art. 418 Cod procedură penală, atunci când în concret, pentru aceeaşi faptă se stabileşte o sancţiune mai puţin severă.

Obligatorie de la data publicării în Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, potrivit art.477 alin.(3) din Codul de procedură penală.

Pronunţată. în şedinţă publică, astăzi 2 iunie 2014.