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ICCJ_220662 AI generated

Compatibility of authentic-form surface rights with agricultural land alienation prohibitions and registrar's refusal grounds under land registration law

Case Number ICCJ_220662
Court / Authority
Jurisdiction Romania (RO)
Decision Date
Outcome Allowed / Granted
Open official source Machine-readable Markdown (.md)

Legislator summary

AI generated

The High Court of Cassation and Justice, in its role to resolve questions of law, admitted a referral from the Maramureș Tribunal and established that the establishment of a surface right through a contract concluded in authentic form is compatible with the statutory prohibition on alienation under Art. 28(7) of Law No. 1/2000 for agricultural and forest lands, provided the right's extent and exercise do not violate the legal forestry or agricultural regime or associative statutes. The Court ruled that in the land registry registration procedure, the registrar cannot reject the inscription of such a surface right by invoking the legal prohibition on alienation as a ground for absolute nullity under the clause regarding "non-fulfillment of certain special conditions." The dispute concerned the conflict between the notarial authentication of surface rights and the land registration procedures defined in Law No. 7/1996 and Law No. 36/1995, with the decisive legal basis consisting of the interpretation of Art. 28(7) of Law No. 1/2000, Art. 693(1) of the Civil Code, and Arts. 29–30 of Law No. 7/1996, which collectively mandate that the registrar must register the right without applying the alienation prohibition as a blocking nullity condition.

Legislator headnote

AI generated

art. 28 alin. (7) din Legea nr. 1/2000, art. 693 alin. (1) din Codul civil, art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă; Compatibility of authentic-form surface rights with agricultural land alienation prohibitions and registrar's refusal grounds under land registration law: 28(7) of Law No. 1/2000 for agricultural and forest lands, provided the right's extent and exercise do not violate the legal forestry or agricultural regime or associative statutes. The Court ruled that in the land registry registration procedure, the registrar cannot reject the inscription of such a surface right by invoking the legal prohibition on alienation as a ground for absolute nullity under the clause regarding "non-fulfillment of certain special conditions." The dispute concerned the conflict between the notarial authentication of surface rights and the land registration procedures defined in Law No. 7/1996 and Law No. 36/1995, with the decisive legal basis consisting of the interpretation of Art. 28(7) of Law No. 1/2000, Art. 693(1) of the Civil Code, and Arts. 29–30 of Law No. 7/1996, which collectively mandate that the registrar must register the right without applying the alienation prohibition as a blocking nullity condition.

Keywords

AI generated
land law agricultural land civil register grounds for cassation validity of contract normative clause

Cited Legislation

AI generated
art. 28 alin. (7) din Legea nr. 1/2000
Establishes the substantive interpretation that the prohibition on alienation does not apply to surface rights constituted by authentic contract.
art. 693 alin. (1) din Codul civil
Cited as the normative basis for defining the nature and validity of the surface right within the dispositive interpretation.
art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă
Procedural basis establishing that the decision is binding for the referring court.
AI generated
Decizia nr. 102/2024
Surface rights on co-owned pasture land: registration permitted despite alienation ban, land registry official's refusal invalidated
Decizia nr. 4692/2005
Agricultural land ownership claim: sufficiency of County Commission title versus reconstitution certificate for proof of property rights
Decizia nr. 1835/2023
Validity of 1990s property attestation certificates for state enterprise lands: transfer from agricultural cooperatives and Land Registry registration requirements
Decizia nr. 3992/2007
Validity of pre-contract for land sale requiring authentic form and standing to claim ownership
Decizia nr. 5138/2005
Surface right recognition: proof of contractual agreement between landowner and constructor required for establishment

Key legal questions extracted by Legislator

AI generated
art. 28 alin. (7) din Legea nr. 1/2000

Establishes the substantive interpretation that the prohibition on alienation does not apply to surface rights constituted by authentic contract.

art. 693 alin. (1) din Codul civil

Cited as the normative basis for defining the nature and validity of the surface right within the dispositive interpretation.

art. 29 şi 30 din Legea cadastrului şi a publicităţii imobiliare nr. 7/1996

Basis for determining the registrar's obligation to register the surface right without rejecting it based on the alienation prohibition.

art. 9 din Legea notarilor publici şi a activităţii notariale nr. 36/1995

Cited in the dispositive to define the authentic form requirement for the contract constituting the surface right.

art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă

Procedural basis establishing that the decision is binding for the referring court.

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Full text

ROMÂNIA

ÎNALTA CURTE DE CASAŢIE ŞI JUSTIŢIE

Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept

Minuta deciziei nr. 102 Dosar nr. 1737/1/2024

Ședința din 25 noiembrie 2024

ÎN NUMELE LEGII

DECIDE:

Admite sesizarea formulată de Tribunalul Maramureş - Secţia I civilă, în dosarul nr. 10852/182/2022, pentru pronunţarea unei hotărâri prealabile şi, în consecinţă:

În interpretarea şi aplicarea dispoziţiilor art. 28 alin. (7) din Legea nr. 1/2000 pentru reconstituirea dreptului de proprietate asupra terenurilor agricole şi celor forestiere, solicitate potrivit prevederilor Legii fondului funciar nr. 18/1991 şi ale Legii nr. 169/1997, cu modificările şi completările ulterioare şi art. 693 alin. (1) din Codul civil, precum şi a dispoziţiilor art. 29 şi 30 din Legea cadastrului şi a publicităţii imobiliare nr. 7/1996, republicată, cu modificările şi completările ulterioare, raportat la art. 9 din Legea notarilor publici şi a activităţii notariale nr. 36/1995, republicată, cu modificările şi completările ulterioare, stabileşte că:

Constituirea prin contract, încheiat în formă autentică, a dreptului de superficie este compatibilă cu interdicția de înstrăinare prevăzută de art. 28 alin. (7) din Legea nr. 1/2000, sub rezerva ca întinderea şi exercitarea dreptului de superficie să nu contravină regimului legal silvic sau, după caz, agricol și statutelor formelor asociative.

În cadrul procedurii de înscriere în cartea funciară, registratorul nu poate respinge înscrierea dreptului de superficie, constituit prin contract încheiat în formă autentică, invocând interdicția legală de înstrăinare, drept motiv de nulitate absolută subsumat sintagmei „neîndeplinirea unor condiţii speciale prevăzute de reglementările în vigoare”.

Obligatorie, potrivit dispoziţiilor art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă.

Pronunţată în şedinţă publică astăzi, 25 noiembrie 2024.