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ICCJ_145560 AI generated

Final acquittal date governs law applicable to state compensation for wrongful conviction

Case Number ICCJ_145560
Court / Authority
Jurisdiction Romania (RO)
Decision Date
Outcome Allowed / Granted
Open official source Machine-readable Markdown (.md)

Legislator summary

AI generated

The High Court of Cassation and Justice admitted the referral from the Bacău Court of Appeal and issued a preliminary ruling, establishing that the law applicable to the right to compensation from the state following an acquittal rendered after a final conviction is the law in force at the time the acquittal became final, determined according to the rules of the 1968 Criminal Procedure Code (arts. 416–417) or the 2010 Criminal Procedure Code (arts. 551–552). The ruling is binding under art. 521(3) of the Civil Procedure Code, resolving the interpretive question raised in the underlying civil case. The dispute concerned which temporal version of the criminal procedure law governs the state’s liability for damages caused by a wrongful conviction, and the court answered by anchoring the applicable law to the date of the final acquittal judgment, rather than the conviction date or other events.

Legislator headnote

AI generated

art. 416-417 din Codul de procedură penală din 1968, art. 551-552 din Codul de procedură penală din 2010, art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă; Final acquittal date governs law applicable to state compensation for wrongful conviction: 416–417) or the 2010 Criminal Procedure Code (arts. 551–552). The ruling is binding under art. 521(3) of the Civil Procedure Code, resolving the interpretive question raised in the underlying civil case. The dispute concerned which temporal version of the criminal procedure law governs the state’s liability for damages caused by a wrongful conviction, and the court answered by anchoring the applicable law to the date of the final acquittal judgment, rather than the conviction date or other events.

Keywords

AI generated
code of criminal procedure state compensation rule of law civil judgment preliminary ruling procedure miscarriage of justice

Cited Legislation

AI generated
art. 416-417 din Codul de procedură penală din 1968
Cited in the dispositive as the rules for determining when a criminal decision becomes final, used to establish the applicable law for compensation.
art. 551-552 din Codul de procedură penală din 2010
Cited in the dispositive as the equivalent rules for determining the finality of a criminal decision under the 2010 Code, used to establish the applicable law for compensation.
art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă
Cited in the dispositive to declare the decision binding, as required for preliminary rulings on questions of law.
AI generated
ICCJ_118647
State liability for wrongful conviction damages despite grant of clemency prior to acquittal via extraordinary appeal
Decizia nr. 76/2018
Compensation for judicial error governed by law in force at final acquittal; state liability confirmed as lex specialis
Decizia nr. 1325/2023
State liability for criminal acquittal: limitation period runs from final verdict, appeal partially allowed and remanded
Decizia nr. 710/2003
State liability for unjust criminal conviction under Articles 504 and 507 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the unconstitutionality of limiting compensation to specific acquittal grounds
ICCJ_198485
Final acquittal sufficient for compensation under Art. 539 CPP despite lack of prior declaration of illegality

Key legal questions extracted by Legislator

AI generated
art. 416-417 din Codul de procedură penală din 1968

Cited in the dispositive as the rules for determining when a criminal decision becomes final, used to establish the applicable law for compensation.

art. 551-552 din Codul de procedură penală din 2010

Cited in the dispositive as the equivalent rules for determining the finality of a criminal decision under the 2010 Code, used to establish the applicable law for compensation.

art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă

Cited in the dispositive to declare the decision binding, as required for preliminary rulings on questions of law.

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Full text

ROMÂNIA

ÎNALTA CURTE DE CASAŢIE ŞI JUSTIŢIE

Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept

Minuta deciziei nr. 76 Dosar nr. 1982/1/2018

Şedinţa din 12 noiembrie 2018

ÎN NUMELE LEGII

DECIDE:

Admite sesizarea formulată de Curtea de Apel Bacău - Secţia I civilă, în dosarul nr. 4343/180/2014, privind pronunţarea unei hotărâri prealabile şi, în consecinţă, stabileşte că:

Legea aplicabilă dreptului la repararea pagubei de către stat ca urmare a unei hotărâri de achitare ulterioare hotărârii definitive de condamnare este cea în vigoare la momentul rămânerii definitive a hotărârii de achitare, stabilit după regulile prevăzute de art. 416-417 din Codul de procedură penală din 1968, respectiv, art. 551-552 din Codul de procedură penală din 2010.

Obligatorie, potrivit dispozițiilor art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă.

Pronunţată în şedinţă publică, astăzi, 12 noiembrie 2018.