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ICCJ_131537 AI generated

Judicial recognition of de facto employment relationships when written contract is absent

Case Number ICCJ_131537
Court / Authority
Jurisdiction Romania (RO)
Decision Date
Outcome Allowed / Granted
Open official source Machine-readable Markdown (.md)

Legislator summary

AI generated

The High Court of Cassation and Justice admitted the reference from the Iaș Court of Appeal and established that a worker is entitled to file an action to establish the existence of an employment relationship and its effects, even if the relationship has already terminated before the court is seized, thereby affirming the validity of such claims. The dispute arose from a labor litigation regarding the legal consequences of the parties' failure to formalize an individual employment contract in writing as required by law. The decisive legal basis comprises the interpretation of Articles 16(1) and 57(5)-(6) of the Labor Code, read in conjunction with Article 211(1)(b) of Law No. 62/2011, Article 35 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which collectively confirm that the obligation to conclude a written contract does not bar judicial recognition of the de facto employment relationship and its associated rights.

Legislator headnote

AI generated

art. 16 alin. (1) din Codul Muncii, art. 57 alin. (5) și (6) din Codul Muncii, art. 211 alin. (l) lit. b) din Legea nr. 62/2011, art. 35 Cod procedură civilă, art. 6 din Convenţia Europeană pentru Apărarea Drepturilor Omului, art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă; Judicial recognition of de facto employment relationships when written contract is absent: The dispute arose from a labor litigation regarding the legal consequences of the parties' failure to formalize an individual employment contract in writing as required by law. The decisive legal basis comprises the interpretation of Articles 16(1) and 57(5)-(6) of the Labor Code, read in conjunction with Article 211(1)(b) of Law No. 62/2011, Article 35 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which collectively confirm that the obligation to conclude a written contract does not bar judicial recognition of the de facto employment relationship and its associated rights.

Keywords

AI generated
de facto contract employment relationship law of obligations civil litigation procedure interpretation of the law special jurisdiction for employment contracts

Cited Legislation

AI generated
art. 16 alin. (1) din Codul Muncii
Cited in the dispositive as a main substantive ground establishing the obligation of the parties to conclude an individual employment contract in writing.
art. 57 alin. (5) și (6) din Codul Muncii
Cited in the dispositive to define the consequences of the lack of a written employment contract and the rights of the worker.
art. 211 alin. (l) lit. b) din Legea nr. 62/2011
Cited in the dispositive to specify the sanctions and legal implications for the employer failing to formalize the employment contract.
art. 35 Cod procedură civilă
Cited in the dispositive as the procedural basis granting jurisdiction to the court for the action to establish the employment relationship.
art. 6 din Convenţia Europeană pentru Apărarea Drepturilor Omului
Cited in the dispositive to ensure the right of access to a court for the worker, even after the termination of the employment relationship.
art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă
Cited in the dispositive to establish the binding nature and obligatory effect of the decision on the lower courts.
AI generated
Decizia nr. 37/2016
Admissibility of action for establishment of employment relationship and effects in absence of written contract after termination
Decizia nr. 890/2017
Labor relationship continuity post-resignation; revision inadmissible due to lack of triple identity for res judicata
ICCJ_129081
Inclusion of suspended employment contracts in the "without individual employment contract" requirement of Labor Code Art. 260(1)(e)
ICCJ_83664
Existence of commercial lease relationship despite absence of signed written contract
Decizia nr. 2428/2004
Employment contract validity and wage claims: Appeal dismissed for failure to prove contractual relationship

Key legal questions extracted by Legislator

AI generated
art. 16 alin. (1) din Codul Muncii

Cited in the dispositive as a main substantive ground establishing the obligation of the parties to conclude an individual employment contract in writing.

art. 57 alin. (5) și (6) din Codul Muncii

Cited in the dispositive to define the consequences of the lack of a written employment contract and the rights of the worker.

art. 211 alin. (l) lit. b) din Legea nr. 62/2011

Cited in the dispositive to specify the sanctions and legal implications for the employer failing to formalize the employment contract.

art. 35 Cod procedură civilă

Cited in the dispositive as the procedural basis granting jurisdiction to the court for the action to establish the employment relationship.

art. 6 din Convenţia Europeană pentru Apărarea Drepturilor Omului

Cited in the dispositive to ensure the right of access to a court for the worker, even after the termination of the employment relationship.

art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă

Cited in the dispositive to establish the binding nature and obligatory effect of the decision on the lower courts.

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Full text

ROMÂNIA

ÎNALTA CURTE DE CASAŢIE ŞI JUSTIŢIE

Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept

Minuta deciziei nr. 37 Dosar nr. 2461/1/2016

Şedinţa din 7 noiembrie 2016

ÎN NUMELE LEGII

DECIDE:

Admite sesizarea formulată de Curtea de Apel Iaşi - Secţia litigii de muncă şi asigurări sociale în dosarul nr. 7726/99/2014 privind pronunţarea unei hotărâri prealabile şi, în consecinţă, stabileşte că:

În interpretarea şi aplicarea dispoziţiilor art. 16 alin. (1) şi art. 57 alin. (5) şi (6) din Codul Muncii coroborate cu art. 211 alin. (l) lit. b) din Legea nr. 62/2011, art. 35 Cod procedură civilă şi art. 6 din Convenţia Europeană pentru Apărarea Drepturilor Omului, în ipoteza neîndeplinirii de către părţi a obligaţiei de încheiere a contractului individual de muncă în formă scrisă, persoana fizică care a prestat muncă pentru şi sub autoritatea celeilalte părţi are deschisă calea acţiunii în constatarea raportului de muncă şi a efectelor acestuia şi în situaţia în care respectivul raport de muncă a încetat anterior sesizării instanţei.

Obligatorie, potrivit dispoziţiilor art. 521 alin. (3) din Codul de procedură civilă.

Pronunţată în şedinţă publică astăzi, 7 noiembrie 2016.