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ICCJ_126124 AI generated

Criminal liability of individual enterprises as legal entities without legal personality under Art. 135 Penal Code

Case Number ICCJ_126124
Court / Authority
Jurisdiction Romania (RO)
Decision Date
Outcome Allowed / Granted
Open official source Machine-readable Markdown (.md)

Legislator summary

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The High Court of Cassation and Justice admitted a reference for a preliminary ruling from the Bucharest Court of Appeal and established that an individual enterprise, operating as a legal entity without legal personality under Law No. 44/2008, cannot act as a criminal subject and is therefore not liable for criminal sanctions under Article 135 of the Penal Code. The dispute concerned whether such economic entities, organized by natural persons as entrepreneurs, could be held criminally responsible for offenses committed in the realization of their business objectives. The decisive legal basis relies on the statutory definition of an individual enterprise under Decree No. 44/2008 and the requirement for legal personality under Article 135 of the Penal Code, resulting in a mandatory precedent applicable from the date of publication in the Official Monitor.

Legislator headnote

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art. 477 alin. (3) Cod procedură penală; Criminal liability of individual enterprises as legal entities without legal personality under Art. 135 Penal Code: 44/2008, cannot act as a criminal subject and is therefore not liable for criminal sanctions under Article 135 of the Penal Code. The dispute concerned whether such economic entities, organized by natural persons as entrepreneurs, could be held criminally responsible for offenses committed in the realization of their business objectives. The decisive legal basis relies on the statutory definition of an individual enterprise under Decree No. 44/2008 and the requirement for legal personality under Article 135 of the Penal Code, resulting in a mandatory precedent applicable from the date of publication in the Official Monitor.

Keywords

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enterprise law legal personality legal entity basis of liability penal sanctions natural law

Cited Legislation

AI generated
art. 477 alin. (3) Cod procedură penală
Establishes the binding nature and effective date of the decision upon publication in the Official Monitor.
AI generated
Decizia nr. 1/2016
Eligibility of individual enterprises as active subjects of criminal liability for legal persons under Penal Code Art. 135
Decizia nr. 13/2020
Individual entrepreneur not "in service of" own enterprise for bribery liability; public-official status only when performing public-interest service — preliminary ruling admitted.
Decizia nr. 1818/2012
Civil liability of a corporation for acts of non-employees in criminal proceedings for tax evasion and unlicensed mining activities
ICCJ_158164
Sole proprietor status under Penal Code: internal mandate versus public official capacity in regulated public interest services
Decizia nr. 639/2004
Proper individualization of criminal sentences for fraud and forgery under Romanian Penal Code Article 72

Key legal questions extracted by Legislator

AI generated
art. 477 alin. (3) Cod procedură penală

Establishes the binding nature and effective date of the decision upon publication in the Official Monitor.

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Full text

R O M Â N I A

ÎNALTA CURTE DE CASAŢIE ŞI JUSTIŢIE

COMPLETUL PENTRU DEZLEGAREA UNOR CHESTIUNI DE DREPT ÎN MATERIE PENALĂ

Minuta deciziei nr.1 Dosar nr. 4039/1/2015

Şedinţa publică din data de 13 ianuarie 2016

ÎN NUMELE LEGII

D E C I D E:

Admite sesizarea formulată de Curtea de Apel Bucuresti – Secţia I Penală în dosarul nr. 4039/1/2015, prin care se solicită pronunţarea unei hotărâri prealabile pentru dezlegarea următoarei chestiuni de drept: „dacă întreprinderea individuală, persoană juridică fără personalitate juridică, poate fi subiect activ al unei infracţiuni săvârşite în realizarea obiectului de activitate”:

Stabileşte că întreprinderea individuală, formă de activitate economică organizată de întreprinzătorul persoană fizică în temeiul dispoziţiilor O.U.G nr. 44/2008, nu are calitatea de persoană juridică şi, prin urmare, nu poate răspunde penal în condiţiile prevăzute de art. 135 Cod penal.

Obligatorie de la data publicării în Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, potrivit art. 477 alin. (3) Cod procedură penală”.

Pronunţată în şedinţă publică astăzi, 13 ianuarie 2016.