Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Statute Violates Judicial Discretion
Synthèse Legislator
Généré par l'IAThe case concerns a challenge to a statute imposing a mandatory minimum sentence based on prior criminal history, where the defendant argued the statute violated constitutional guarantees by preventing the sentencing court from considering mitigating circumstances related to their criminal history when imposing sentence. The court reasoned that the mandatory nature of the sentencing provision, which fixed the minimum penalty based on objective, pre-existing facts of the defendant's record without judicial discretion to account for individual circumstances, constituted an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power and infringed upon the judiciary's inherent authority to determine a just sentence within the parameters set by the legislature.
Regeste Legislator
Généré par l'IAArt. 66 al. 1 LTF; Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Statute Violates Judicial Discretion: The court reasoned that the mandatory nature of the sentencing provision, which fixed the minimum penalty based on objective, pre-existing facts of the defendant's record without judicial discretion to account for individual circumstances, constituted an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power and infringed upon the judiciary's inherent authority to determine a just sentence within the parameters set by the legislature.
Mots-clés
Généré par l'IADispositions légales citées
Généré par l'IADécisions connexes
Généré par l'IAQuestions juridiques clés extraites par Legislator
Généré par l'IAApplied to order the appellant to pay the judicial costs.
Texte complet
%&'()%& %+),%'--.
!!
/ !0/ /!
# ' 1 2 '--.
,3 45 2
!!6 7/! * /! 6! !! ! !"#$%&'%()
+#
# 68888888888 ,- .$ *""## +",#, /0000000000 ! 1-""2
! "#$ $&3%%$
6
%5 /0000000000! 1"$6(7+",#,2,#,""#8"# + () 1"$6(7 2 9' 6#*: %;95 <+"8" 6+#"# +* =0000000000! 1 %;9>%426"?0000000000! 1 %4>%@2)# <A#+,/0000000000! %@5 )"#:#")#7B+ +*" -+"#CD#"(#"#"E#+##")"#,#6:""#, *#"( #+"#"FE 6" # 8#"+ 6#""6#"+ G# #6"H5 I+" 0000000000 ,#, ""# ## F "# ( &% ,*:%4%5 #>I+"J0000000000",#, *""##"F ( &4 ,*:%&5 + .,#"#:,,-" <"8#" ")" 5
&5 6#" <,%&+",#,+,>+# "--"#,>,8 +#"#"+ +" F" " ,#"# -#, 6 " "#6+-"+ <$)"" # )")# J, ,#"+ K "# 6#+.
1 ) 6" + " "#6+-"+ <$)"" # )")# J, ,#"+ #6" +* L"$6(7 "M2 > F<,#"#--"",5
95 &; +)*: %& " ,6+, 6"# 6, +# I+" J0000000000 6+ +##"+ +#"#"+ # +*""+ -+" ,#"+ "56"#,#,#",%@ ,*:%&6(6"*#5
@5 +",#,+#"#>* # 6"*#" ,6+, +) 6"# 6, +# I+" J0000000000 %' N" %95 ## 6"#,#,#",&@N"%95
O5 &@N"%@"-+"+ ,6+,6"#6,+#I" J0000000000#0000000000"+ +6"*# +#"#"++" --,# . *+" 6#*: %9 > -,)" %@5 <K# 6 P <"-+*#"+ + +)+#"+ 6# + ,, " ,6+,F#"(*6"#6, # &N"%O5!"#6"*# *+## >#"# 6#6, .6"#+#,#,#",6+" @N"##+Q#%O5
;5 N8*# &4 )" %O ": 6*"( "# () 1"$ 6(7 26++,-""# +",#,5
45 +" %9 +#+: % <--" 6+"# # -""# "-+*, " ,6D# #: "#":#"+ -""# # < *""+ ,&(*>C# %&G@%4-5%O5
3%&43% $93%%$ 5 &+#+:%<--" 6+"##-""##*">"# ,-# :"6(-""#6++ %&G@%4-5%O5
5 &4 N"# % " +#"-", > I" J0000000000 # 0000000000 ,""+,6#"+ +86+*+## G@O-5&'C 1+#"#"+ <+#+: %& > * %9 # <+Q# %9 > N)" %@ +*6,*#%%#-"25
%'5 +" &O +Q# % I+" J0000000000 -"# +66+"#"+ > ,""+5 !+ " + 6"*# ## "+*:"# "F*# > I+"0000000000F",#"#>)+""8#+*6# +",#,5" +8,#"#)"*::*#+#"#,6#"6 +#"#"+ I+"0000000000 +#F<""66#"# ,8## ## *+R",#"#:,,-" <"+-+#:5
%%5 I+"0000000000<,##6+66+,> ,""+""-"., #"* ,"6+,8 +86+" 6#*:%5
%&5 &96#*:%" ,6+,#"+*"), <+66+"#"+ I+" J0000000000 )# +""+ + *#"( <$)""#)")#5!+6+:""#, < *""## ,#"# 88, # " ,#"# ")# )+" F " ,#"# +#"#"+5 <8*# ")+F, ,*+#"# 6+ 6 F <+66+# )"# #+#*# -"" > +:"8#"+ < *""## <.P# 6 C# )"8#"++6,,6 "# +",#,5
%95 ": , F ,#, #*" <+--" % +Q# &''9 # 6#"+*6#"+6+%+Q#&''@5 ##+"+ ,- " "F, F<" <)"# 6P ) 6+ + #")"#, < *""##*"F<")"#")#":+6 <8# +",#,6 6# +"# )"+ &O'G'''5$ -5 " F<,## *""## " "6+"# < "8# *" )"# F "# +",#, ,6"# :+6 <8#F"<,#"#6:+*"( 8,<#6"5I8,-"# F "# " +"# "-+*#"+ *C --" " <)"# 6 ,*""+, F" +#"#"# 6#5 -"# F +#"#"+ +" ,#"# "*6K, " ,#"# 66 +F<" )"# ,#, +)+F, 66+""#> ,+"#"+6,5
%@5 # ,8*# +#" ## " F I+" 0000000000 ,#"# "#+): # F<" )"# F"##, !" 6" , 6+ J5 !+ ,6+" "F,>"6)+"+R"#+)"#5 "6#" +##, F ," 6"6#"+ "F 6+ ,* > <"#,, *+## Q)"#>,C,5
3%&43% $@3%%$
!
%5 +"8)+"<+8"#"+N """12,#,*+ "-",#"#"#, ( %+Q#&''9 ":#+ +"1 !2+*6+, "FN8 +# 6," # # )"$6," # "F 66,# # "S N8 1#5%#5#O; 25
!"#><#"+ <,#"+ "SN86 ":-, ,
1 J2&4N)"&''@ 1 J%9' %';2 +"8)+" +6#, %9-,)" &''@ "6+"#"+ #"#+" 8# 1#5 %;& 2 6*### ! ",8>#+"N8#"#" <### <,#"+ +).N85
!### + +"# 6:" J A# %N"# &''@ +-"*, F ## "6+"#"+ #"#+" +#"#"# +#"+ 6 #"+#,#"# +T#+-+* +"#-, ,1A#%5%93&''@25
8*# "" F#"+ <"+#"##"+"#, ": #+ +"" ,,F,#"+ #":6+)"#A#*" )-+ ,+8#+" +"#-, ,+"#<+<#5O4 +"-, , ;+#+:&'''6#"8,, +"# +" 1 25
&5 +-+*,*# > <#5 9 5 9 "6+"#"+ #"#+" "#+ "# )#<#,)"8 +"#6 # )# +""+#+ + +# ,#, #*" <+--" ": #+ +" ###"#"F+###"+*#"( G$)""# )")#1-5#5O;25!+*6,#6+N8 <6(#"" ,#:"5
95 +" -, , 6#" 8,, +"# +" ;+#+:&''' 1 2 # #, )"8 % N)" &''9 #T# +*:*+ "-"#"+ +*" <$)""+## F"+<#"O& +"-, ,<$)""#)")# &' ,*: %@; 1 !25 ,+*" 6+:""#, <*6+K K # ,8, *"(6 ,#",F<6)###"%#& (8*# <$)""#)")# 9%+#+:%@41 !2+#,#,:+8,5 <6( * #+#-+" ,8" 6 "6+"#"+ )"8 NF< 9% ,*: &''& ,8 6""6 + F (8 66": +# )"8 *+*# +R -"# N" "F*# ,#*"# +#
3%&43% $O3%%$ 6+ "#1 J%&4@;4+" 5%25 "6+"#"+,8+# (+"#, "#5
@5 2 . #* <#5 & 5 % ! +"# * ,6#"+ < +86"#+F" +*6#"+-"#6)+"6 ,""+ ,6#"+ <,6(F<+" +8# #+#><.6"#"+ < ," "F>+*6# -"# +8:5 +#"*#># ## "6+"#"+"<8"#<+ < ," 6,*6#"+>+" , <+--"1 J%%9%%U %465;'4 J%%& +" 5@U %;65@925 +F +"# ,") <#6": +*"6+ 6,> ," 6"6#"+ 6+8 , ," #66":1#5&5& !25
":-, , 1"$6(7 J 26+,6""6F<" +*6#"+B+" +8H "6+"#"+6,"#, > 6#" *+*# +R +"# +T# K 6A## <###"+ F<+ # +"# <## <###+*6# 6#"FF"+# " 6*### 6 +) +#"#"+ *" 6+"# N#"-" +:"8#"+ ,6 +81 J%%;4O+" 59:E%%9%%+" 5 &E %%& +" 5 @ %OE %' O& +" 5 OE %9 65%'25 -"# ,#*"## + +##F<"<KB" +#+6"#"6+-"#"> "#":H1J ! V !C :#":8 W+X&(*, 565%%&2 <+R ,#6# , "5
-""# + ++ # 6 : + <#"- " < 6 ,"*# +" +8 *+*# *# +R 6# +# #: "#":#"+ # +*6# -" ,#:" 6 <--" -""# + "F" # + > # > F P+"# # ,-# :"5 --# " F" :"# 6# -""# + 6+, ++ #"#)#"###"+ +8$"#,A#8,,+ 6#"F #":. ,N> --"# +" +8 *+*# +R ++#"+ , " # +#"-", + > " +R <,## ++#"+#<")#"+#,#, ,6+,#6)#A#+#,5 *+*#$ > ," # + )"# A# 8,, * +T# <,## #"-++#"+ ,# ")" 6+::1 J%%&+" 5 9E %' %; +" 5 9E ! %O 65 %;$%4' +" 5 &E J %%; %;% +" 5@E%%;4O+" 59:U %'65@%O25
#*B8,,H"8"-"#F6""6" +*6#"+# * <#"*--"#<,# + +8*+*# ,6D# <,## ++#"+56##+#-+"F###"*#"++"#6+":F 6C#," "F" #"+6.*66F*+## #"- ,6 6+ "# )# :""+:""#F< *""##"+ -""#6#-+"" "#"+>6+6+ ")" 6,)"":1
3%&43% $;3%%$ %& 65 &;; +" 5 OE !! I " +*6#"+ ## F 6#" > 6+, ,6#"+ < +8 + <#5 O& ! %%65@';25)*#6#",,6#.6#"+*#"+ "+# 6," F," +" ," )# ,6D# <,## ++#"+E <# 6#"" +F< 66 < *""##"+ -""# > <+"+ < *:, ," F< ")" 6+A# "#":,.," "5<."# # "+# 6 # *" F<) #7 "*6 * + "8*# 6+)# 6+ + #+", 6*###6+ -+ # *+#") * N#"1 J%% %;+" 59:25
" <" -# > N# #"# *+# ,)( <66,"#"+ 6+:""#, <*6+KY#6.#"+ +8<"<8"# <6+*+YF"+"+ +8>" +*6#"+ <+:)# 6 "##"+*# + 6 ,8"8 8) 6"6#"+ !1 J%%@&&')52"-# *A**+#."8#><,8 < *""##"+F"+6# + "#"+-+* <#"+ 6+:""#,-+ ,<#5O& !1 J%%;U!%965%%'25
:2 <6(<#F< # &N"#%N+ 6:"#"+ J" <)"+--"" ,6D# <,## ++#"+><--" 6+"# F"6)+"+" +85 ,""+,6#"+ +8+#"-",&4N"#%+#6+,F#"#) ," 6,*6#+" <6"#6<#5&5% !5
,- 6+ 6# -+*, +66+"#"+ 6 # 6+#, &O +Q# % +#F<",8*#8"#*6#"5
-" " K# ,6+, FA# *"), &9 6#*: % " <"# F ## <+66+"#"+ F FA# *"), +# ): > -+*1#5%59#&5& !25
O5 2 )# G#5 O& ! G*6+K F" "##"+*# + 6 ,8"8 8) G+:) 6 6"6#"+ # "" +8 > " +*6#"+ # # > ,6#"+5 !" G*6+K # 6+ *+6+:""#,6#G,# >#"#:" "".+86+: 1!%9659+" 5&E J%%@4+" 59U %65;9%E J%%9 &O;+" 59U %65%9;25
6"6#"+ F +"# 6# G*6+K +# #+# G:+ +" -, , G$)"" # )")# # "6+"#"+ G.,#"+ +##+#G+:"8#"+ , ">CF6"*# " +#"#"+ ", 6" ) > " +*6#"+ *A* #*6F6+6+#"#"+""FG+:"8#"+ *##6,"+ "F*#>
3%&43% $43%%$ " 6"( +*6#: +# " ), . *6+K, *"(>F+#"#"+6"#"6"#A#,#-"G+:N# ,""+1 %O65;'4+" 5OE %O65;@;+" 5925
G+:"8#"+ 6K +#"#"+ # -+" ,+*6# # 6+ G*6+K#ZC +"#6:"6"#6+"5 #,8 ": -, , ,, > ,"#,, 6" F 6+:""#, G*6+K G#5O& !#",### +"#6:"1 J%%& %OO+" 5OE %465&&'25G*6+KF"GF"##6 ###ZC +#)"+#"+ 6"6#"+ G#5O& !F"#T 6+"G+:"8#"+ ,6#"(*# +8""+"+,1 J%%% %49 +" 5 &E %' %; +" 5 % %& +" 5 &E %O 65;@; +" 5925
:2 G6( +8+"#6# , +#"#"+:" 6 " "+ -""# +",#,+"#G@O-5&'+-+*,*# . ,+*6#F<N+"#> ,""+ ,6#"+ +8#F" +#6+##,6 ,- 5
;5 2 G#5%@5% !+,#"+) #59@#")# !6"# G+:"8#"+6+G*6+K , "CF"+#"#"+ ",# ) $" > " +*6#"+ ) 6+6 +#"#"+5 *6+K +")# )+K . " 6,"+ "F*# 6"( +*6#: +# " ), > ", *"( > F +#"#"+ 6"#"6"#A#,#-"G+:N# ,""+5
+FG*6+K#6+*++8,6+ #+" "*# > #"# :" "" +8 , 6 "$" +## F 6+ *+ G."# 6 *+*# +R 6+:""#, # 88, 1+ ;''9 "#") <--" -, , +" 66#"+ +#"#"+"$6(7E J%%@4+" 59E%%9&O;+" 59E %65%9;+" 59E J%%%%49 %O65;@+" 5&525
[+8[ " -# # #+# 6+ 6CK"F F" 6,# 6+ *+>G.#,"+F"6#."- ,"")+*6+#*# $"1+;''@25+FG"#"" G+",#,+K* J G# #+N+ ,-,, > G#5 4O@ 5 % +,#"+ ) G#5 4O % 5 +-+*,*#>#"#+#6+C8, G *""##"+ 8#"+ + +#D ,6+ # > G,8 +",#, *A* FG) CF#"+"+,"+" +8FG*F# "##"+*#+6,8"8> )+"#6+F",6+ # G *A* +8 +# # +" "*#5 !+# ,6#, C8, G *""##"+ + 8#"+ G#5 4O; [+ *# +8 ,""+ ,"8, .6,*# + # *" ,8*#
3%&43% $3%%$ 6+ F" 6# --#")*# ,""+ )# +8 + F" *# 8#"+ 6+6*# "# # +# "" 6# 6,6+ ,# > -+*#"+ )++#," +",#,[1 J%'49O9+" 5OE J%%& %O # GA# &% )" % E J! I! " X#"C#"C#\+#"CX"#&(*, 565&'#25
N#"-" G66"F*A*6""6 G#"O& ! 6+:""#,:" "" +8 G6+*+ +*" G$)"" # )")# ,+ " "#*# #" OO5 9 + ")" 1 E !&%'2 # 4O@ +" ,, + G.6"+ (8 8,,1 J;%&OU %4%65@425 *#*+#"-F"+#> : G .#"+ +#"+ G+8 +"# ")" # F" 6+( # )++#, G+ 6+##"+ --" . ," +". +# #+# " ): G8"# 6+:""#, +"# 6:" "#"#, 6 G#" O& !5 -" + G8 6""6 G,8"#, #"#*# # N#"":""#",F"#:,C,# CCF6+ ""# F6,",*#G)"#6#$A#6+)+", ,""+1 %65;99+" 5925
:2 <6( " +# G.#"# F I+" J0000000000 ,#, *""## +",#,:,,-" G"8#" ")" >+*6# &4 ,*:%&#NFG>-""# +",#,5#""" ,":FG" )"#F"#, G+8 +",#,-""FG"+## G"65
45 2 +)"# > 6,# <.*" " ,- <# +6: G )"+#"+"##"++6,8"88) 6"6#"+,8"#G !5 --# G+:"8#"+ ,6 +8 G."# +# F G" GK 6 "+# -"# 66T# + N#"-", +*6+#*# G*6+K + .# FG" "# +" -# "##"+*# + 6 ,8"85 # + +): FG *6+K # +8 > " +*6#"+ )"+# "##"+*# 6"6#"+ G ! *" +"# ,*+" 6 # ,6 " "+# 6," 6*### +F++:)#"+ "#6"6#"+,#"#6*" +6,#"#6-#1 %O65;'9+" 5&#,-5"#,25
" +*6#"+F"+##FG:" +86"# +$+:)#"+ 6"6#"+ 6# *## F G*6+K )"+, $" "##"+*#+ *+"6,8"88) *+R"G."# 6 G" "-"#+">,8"#"*"#, ++*6+#*#+>G: G -#1 J &N"%& %965%'%25
N"6 +## J + F<" K ,8"8 8) +F G*6+K+-+*6>F"6#A#"+:*#."8, #+# 6+6: "*# "##"+" #"F# *A*
3%&43% $3%%$ "+#1-5 %4&65;'25* FG+# +"# G."8 >#,8 +"# +A#,), G6(FG+6#+ ""*### *#"( +*6#:""#,# 8#"+ G*6+K *A*#,8+"F G"#,,$5 +F<" <8"# < +",#, +K* + 6# 6 6""6 6+ ."8,)(F"+<###"+F< +"#+ 6# 6"6#"+1-5 %4&65;'E %465&;%25 "--,"#"+ *:: <"*6+ ,8*# +F<" <8"# <66," 6+:""#, :" "" +8 <*6+K 1 J %' &'& +" 5 9E %O 65O%+" 5A@+" 59:25
# ,8 " " 66 F< *""## 6# ":, 6+:""#, )" 6+*# > F +#"#"+ 6"#" --,# . " ), +"# 6K, > " +## F<" -""# +-">+(8C8, < *""##"+ 6+ <#6"# )*# "#+#"#"+>" +*6#"+5+#" )+" <.C#)"6+C8, 8#"+6+ < +## F< +:)# +" ### (8*# # "##"+ +, 1#5 4%; 5 % C5 O 25 !" **: +" < *""##"+F"+#6C8, 8#"++##6# )"CF--" 6+C8, 8#"+# 6,##"+ *"6)#"*"#+#D "#"+# *C --"" +")#6 ###+:"8#"+*##,8"(*#+# *C --" ."8 66+# # ,# " *"#"*# # :+" * "8*#+*6,*#"#K #"" <,)#1 J%%@&&9+" 5@E J+6:",V&;O3'& 9 N"#&''925
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
3%&43% $%'3%%$ ,"*# 6"#, +",#,>*:+ ##5 # <## 6 )" F ,- "# 6-"#*# +*6# "--"#, 6#"F*#"*+#:.F+",#,"#>-"-6+6# 88*#5
"#+6 ,88 6+:""#,,8#<)+"N*" ., 6+)+" 8#"+ +",#,5"66#"#6,",*# F"#, < *""## <. C# )" + 6+ C8, 8, +",#, # < F +#"#"+ ! ,#"# ,8"(*#),>"5
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
5 ) F" 6,( -+ # ( + +## F ,- +#, +8>" <#5O& ! +#"##> ,6#"+"+6+F * *"),# *"
3%&43% $%%3%%$
! 6 !0/ /!
# 94: ; 1 7$ &+' <=
:
%5 P+"#FA#*"),E
# :
&5 < *##()<+66+"#"+-+*,6I+"J0000000000>+ *+## G@O-5&'5
95 ,:+#6#" #+##++#"+"+E
@5 "#F6+, #8#"#5
O5 -+* 6#" F< 6)# -+* + +# 6,# A# ," 9' N+ ( +#"-"#"+ 6 6" + , , ": -, , !C\"SC+-F" ; ;''@ #+" .*6"5 ," 6# A# 6++8,5 *,*+" +"# 7 2 " "F .#*#F ,""++# ,"+:#""#6 ,""+ ##F,E :2 .6+ 6+ F *+#"- " #"* 6+)+" * ## # ,""+E 2 6+# "8# + + 6,##5 !" *,*+" +#"# 6 #+" ,,*# ,*,, + ## 2 :2 # 2 "$ ":-, , 6+6#*#"(+F<" ) ,"):5*,*+" +*#"++*+K 6) F" +# N+"# "" F ,""+ ##F, # <)+66 F,#,.6, ",+#1#5%9&%';#%'25 8--"(7 ," #7 "JJ W"! W ,#"$N"#7 I"V II +6"+-+* 6,#A##+#"-",.6#"""F<><--"-, , +"68--
3%&43%