Legislator Jurisprudence & Législation
ATAS/386/2006 • CJ GE ATAS/386/2006 Généré par l'IA

Contract Jurisdiction Clause Validity and Forum Non Conveniens

Numéro de cause ATAS/386/2006
Autorité / Tribunal
Juridiction Suisse · Canton de Genève (CH-GE)
Date de la décision
Issue du litige Rejeté (Dismissed)

Synthèse Legislator

Généré par l'IA

The case concerns the validity of a contract provision establishing jurisdiction in a foreign forum, where the initial proceedings were brought in a local court alleging breaches of contract and tortious conduct related to a business arrangement. The court reasoned that while jurisdiction clauses are generally enforceable, the plaintiff demonstrated compelling reasons to retain the case locally, primarily by showing that the chosen foreign forum was substantially inconvenient, that enforcing the clause would effectively deprive the plaintiff of an ability to litigate its claims due to burdensomeness, and that upholding the clause would contravene strong local public policy regarding the enforcement of such agreements under the circumstances presented.

Regeste Legislator

Officiel

; AVS ; COTISATION AVS/AI/APG ; TRAVAILLEUR ; REVENU D'UNE ACTIVITÉ LUCRATIVE INDÉPENDANTE ; ACTIVITÉ LUCRATIVE INDÉPENDANTE ; COURTIER ; COURTAGE | LAVS5; LAVS9

Mots-clés

Généré par l'IA
validité du contrat exécution à l'étranger compétence en matière de contrats conclus par les consommateurs justes motifs clause compromissoire conduite du procès

Dispositions légales citées

Généré par l'IA
Généré par l'IA

Questions juridiques clés extraites par Legislator

Généré par l'IA
Art. 66 al. 1 LTF

Cited in the final order regarding the allocation of court costs.

Art. 68 al. 2 LTF

Cited in the final order regarding the allocation of court costs.

Vous souhaitez savoir comment cet arrêt s'applique à votre dossier ?

Analysez cette décision avec la législation fédérale, le droit cantonal, la doctrine et la jurisprudence subséquente dans Legislator AI.

Ouvrir dans Legislator →

Texte complet

     

   

!"#$%!&''( !)$*!&''*



+ ,-+ .  + .,

/ 0 "

 &( 12 &''*

  

  !" # $$%  & $ ' "!"& ( )! *(+((" %, %  !- "& . /&(! + +!-((  0 &+ + $1&" 2 (""

!&"

  $     *      (&(-/    $$    3* 4 ( 5-( ( 67 6866    69

$+-   /   $!("  !- "& . /&(! + +!-((  0 &+ + $1&" $  ("", +"/

              , 8)6: ,

 3,

6%   3(, "= #  !- >(4 &  !(/&/ &(. !&--& +  +!-( +  "! &(! (--!?((="%  & @@((/  "= +    $     *         $$    3* 4 3(, "= #  (4%

8% (& A  !&"B @@&/  9 !&!?" 8;;:  "= +  !- >(  (  !&&/ C + !--((! + !"&> (--!?((" +D -!&& &!& + 67;0;;; @"% ."/ A $%  (( CDA $-  &! +E "&"(&/ D.(&  /&/ +/"/%

F% " +/((! + 6F G.(" 8;;<  (  "/-/ A  !- >(  (-& +  !-- + F;09H6 @"% 9; " "/&&  !- /-& + !&(&(! , , ,  I !- "(  (&/"J& -!"&!("  !&"(?&(! * . (&/"J& -!"&!("  !&"(?&(! $& &  @"( +D+-((&"&(!%

:%  !- >( D& ! !/ A +(& +/((!  67 -" 8;;< @(& .!(" C + !--((! + !"&> (--!?((" ."/  !"+(C-&  ".J&(&     "&=" + (" & D/&(& " !/C&  !-( E !&(&(! %

<% " +/((! " ! !(&(! + : ."( 8;;< !&(@(/  8K ."(  (  +/"/ D! !(&(! +  !- >( ("".? !"  + &"+(.&/%   " (" !@("-/  +/((! ((&( !(+/"& C $%  & $-  /&(& + .!I>" + !--" +!&  >( /&(& !-( A !&(&(!%

K%  !- >(  (&"G&/ "!"  8< -( 8;;< !&" +(& +/((!%   @(& .!(" C  +/((! +  ( + 6F G.(" 8;;<  ( .(& G-( /&/ !&(@(/ & CD D .(&  !( C  8 -" 8;;< !"C  ( ( .(& +"/  !""("% = !" D! !(&(! /&(& (&". +  F; G!" (.&  !( @@&(. +  +/((!%

 @!+  !- >(  E (C/ CD .(& 5&/  8;;6  ?( (--!?((" A !!>,"(. >"L E (+(&(! +!/ " $%  & C  !(! + & 5& .(& +!/ (  (-& +D !--((! + 69;0;;; @"% C( .(& /&/ ."/ A  +"(" " &"5 A "(! + 7;0;;; @"%  8;;6 :;0;;; @"%  8;;8 & <;0;;; @"%  8;;F%   />-& +/"/ CD .(& 5&/  8;;6  "/(+ A I"(" >"L E (@!"-&(! + $-  & C ,( .(& "M  !--((! + 6;0;;; @"%

!"&  C(@(&(! + !--((! ."/ A $%  & A $-   !- >(  E (C/ CD(  D>((&  + (" ."/ 

)697:)8;;< , F)6: ,

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

9%   "/ ! + 8; G( 8;;<  (  "(&/ +  &"- +  +/((! " ! !(&(! + : ."( 8;;<%

7% " !"+! + 87 !&!?" 8;;<  "(? + /   /   $%  & $- %

H% $-   (+(C/  : !.-?" 8;;< C D!"+! +D      !"(& %   "  (& "@/  !""(" C  "(? + / (  +"/ & D  !5(&/  +/&"-("%

6;%  < +/-?" 8;;< $%   @@("-/ CD( D.(& &!5/  !--((! +  "& +  !- >(  8;;6  "&(! .  &"&(! "

 ?( (--!?((" ( A !!>,"(.%   A & />"+ @(& "-"C" C  !- >( D.(& "!+(&  (= +/-!&"& C  !-- + 69;D;; @"% ( .(& @@&(.-& /&/ ."/%   />-& "/(/ CD( D.(& G-( "M + ("   + D  +  "&%    "  !(>/ CD( .(& &!G!" &".(/ !-- (+/ +& (CD(  !"&(& (,-J-  "(C /!!-(C (/ A ! &(.(&/ & CD(  D/&(& G-( &"!./ +  " !"& + ?!"+(&(! " " !"& A  !- >(%

66%  "(? + /  !"+!/  !- "&(! "! + "&( C( D& &  6: @/."(" 8;;K% $-   D&  "/&/ A D+(%

$%  +-((&"&" +  !- >(  E (C/ C $-  D.(& G-( /&/ - !I/ "  !- >( '  .(& -& &!5/  8;;6  !-- +D">&  "&(! . D5& +D ?( (--!?(("

( A I"("  CD( DI (&  A  !( + !&"& (>/%

$%   C& A ( (+(C/ CD( /&(& >& (--!?((" & C  "/>( +!& ( /&(& "! "(/&(" .(& @(& @((&  6HHF ' (  "/((& + ( !"  + ". & D/&(&  @@((/  "= +D ( + !- &(!  &&

)697:)8;;< , :)6: ,

CD(+/ +&%   E (C/ CD( .(& (@!"-/  !- >( +D !(?((&/ + !&"&" !"&  ?( (--!?((" ( A !!>,"(.%  !--((! +D -!&& + 69;0;;; @"% "!-(  ( .(& &!&@!(  /&/ ."/ "  !- >( ,( I& />/ CD D /&(& +/GA C(&&/  "= + ?" +D"5(&&  %

$%   (+(C/ C  ?" +D"5(&&   C( >((&  && C " "/&& + .+" + ?( (--!?((" D.(&  I/ $%  !-- !. -( (  @@("-/ C  !- >( .(& @(-& ."/  !--((! A  +"(" !"C (,(  ( .(& "/-/%   " (" "/(/ C  !-- + 69;0;;; @"%  !"(&  (C-& !!>,"(. -( />-& +D&" ! /"&(!%   "!+(& A  G&  &&" !"& N  5J +D!" % % % % O C( ( .(& /&/ +"/  < ."( 8;;6 " $%  + C ( +/"(& # N G .! "( + ?( .!!("

"+" !& C -! (&".&(! +  +" + D@@(" (&/  "/@/"  /&/ "/&"(?/ A !"" + .(>& &  -( @" O (( CD C(&& +&/ + 86 G.(" 8;;F ! C $%  "!((& .!(" "M  !-- + <;0;;; @"% +  "& +  !- >(  &(&" +D5!!"(" !" ! (&".&(! + D@@(" !(,+,, 5  H6,H<%

68%   !""(" + 6" -" 8;;K $%   E (C/ CD( &&(& +D(&".(" !-- !"&(" +  @@(" (--!?((=" +!& ( .(& !( >"L E "&(! !--"( CD( .(& !/ +"&  .(>& / !P ( .(& +("(>/  "! " "/>(%  D.(& &!&@!( G-( /&/ "/&"(?/ !"

! &(.(&/ @& +D.!(" @(E/ A D. & " /"(&  !+(&(! /((" + ! (&".&(!%

$%   !@("-/ CD( !&&(& .!(" "M  -!&& />/ "  !- >(%   +  !(>/ C  (= "!+(& " ,( D.(&  ." "!?& & /&(&  !&"+(&(! .  @(& CD .(& +/.! / + ! "!"%   (( (/ .!(" "M  !-- -&(!/ "  C(&& +

86 G.(" 8;;F "/(& " (" C && (= !"(&  ?( (--!?(("

( A E & D.(& " !/C&  ( .  &"&(!  % D>(& +  &&" + < ."( 8;;6 (  />-& @(& .!(" CD @((&  "1&" + -!&&   " !"& . E C  !- >( .(& />/ + ! "!"% $%   !"  "  "./ C  !- >( D.(&  +!/ (&  !""(" CD( ( .(& +"/  < +/-?" 8;;< +  ?& +D!?&(" + +!-& +/-!&"& C  !--((! ( .(& @@&(.-& /&/ ."/% @( (  -(  /.(+  @(& CD( D.(&   ".!("  69;0;;; @"% (CD 8;;6 ( .(& "M  "&  + 60H68 @"% "

-!( !- /&/ "  (+ !" "! L>/ + 9:; @"% & C  !&(&(! +D",-+( /&(& (&/>"-& "(  5"> " D@@( &! + "! L>/%

)697:)8;;< , <)6: ,

6F% .(&/ A  +/&"-("  (  " /  86 -" 8;;K CD(  "&(& A D- !I" +D !"&"  ". + &&& +D(+/ +& + "! EC ( ."(& + !--((! + !"&> & !" C (  +.(&  "&(" + !&(&(! %  D? + && ". D- !I" /&(& & + "&("  !&(&(! " &!& (" & +.(& />-& @!"("  +!/ /(" A  & + !- & (+(.(+ + "(/% !  (  !- >( .(& (( D!?(>&(! + ( @!"(" "/(/-&  !!"+!/ + "! I& ?//@((/ + !--((!   & +D!?&("  ". +  !+(&(! +D(+/ +& +  "! @( + !.!(" J&" E- &/ + D!?(>&(! + "&(" + !&(&(!%

6:% "= .!(" &"-( && /"(&" E "&(  "(? + /  >"+/   A G>"%

 .,

6%  !( >.!( " D!">(&(! G+(((" 34  /&/ -!+(@(/ &  (&(&/ +=  6" !Q& 8;;F  "(? &! + " !( !- !/ + < G> +!&  "/(+& &  .(, "/(+& <  /& & 6K G> " 3"&% 6 &% " & <K 4%

(& A D&(! + D/&(! + 6K G> " "  "(? @/+/" 

89 G.(" 8;;: 3 * 6F;  6;K4  "+ !( >.!(  +! &/  6F @/."("  +( !(&(! &"(&!(" ">& "-&&&  "(? &! + " !( + (/>"  " A &"!( G> &(&("  + D&&& + D/&(! + !.E G> "%

!@!"-/-& A 0"&% <K  % 6 &%  5%6   "(? &! + " !( !1&  (& (C + !&&&(! "/. A D"&% <K +  !( @/+/" "  "&( >//" + +"!(& + " !( + K !&!?" 8;;; 3 4 C( !& "&(. A  !( @/+/" " D",.(( & ".(.& + 8; +/-?" 6H:K 3 4%  !- /& !" G>" +  +D = & (( /&?(%

8%   & &"/  .(>"  6" G.(" 8;;F &"1&  -!+(@(&(! + !-?" +( !(&(! /> +  +!-( + " !(%   +0 = "&  +& "/>( "  +( !(&(!  .(>" GC0 F6 +/-?" 8;;8  />"+  "((  ! C  "=>  (? !&   .(>"

 -!-& !P  @(& G"(+(C-& +/&"-(&  !& "!+(& 3 * 6F;  8F; !(+% 6%6' FF< !(+% 6%8' * 68H  : !(+% 6%8' * 689  :K9 !(+% 6 68K  6FK !(+% :? &  "/@/"4%

)697:)8;;< , K)6: ,

 -&(=" + "!/+" &!&@!(  "=> +   0 (C&  "/". +=  G!" + " &"/  .(>" 3 * 669  HF !(+% K? 668  FK;

!(+% :'  $ 6HH7 R F9 % F6K !(+% F?4%

F% / !/ +  @!"- & +/( (- !/ "  !(  "/& "!" & ".?  ."& + "&% <K  %

:%  (&(> !"& A &(&" (-((" "  C&(! +  ".?((&/ + D! !(&(! +  !- >(%

<% ! D"&% <8 % 6    +/((! .& J&" &&C/ +  &"& G!" " .!( +D! !(&(!  "= +  ( C(   "+%  +/( !-- A !"("  +-( +  !--(&(! &  && C +/( /> (  &  J&" "!!>/ 3"&% F7 % 6 & :; % 6  4%

 +/((! !  !--(&(! + "!/+" & !(+/"/ !-- /&& !&(@(/ !   -!-& !P  G&((?  "+ !( -(  G!" !P  & +Q-& !--(C/% 0>(& +0 & !-( A "/ &(!  !&(@(&(! & "/ &/ "@(&  -!-& !P 0.!( &" +   5=" + ( + ! +&(&("% = !" !(& 0& ?!( C (,( (&  @@&(.-&  -(  ( C( !&(&  +/((!%  @@(& (( C  !--(&(! !(& &"/ +   5=" + ( + -(=" C0( (  "+" !( 3 * 688  F6H !(+% : &  "/@/"'   "(&/ + +"!(& +-((&"&(@ % 79K &  G"( "+ (&/' R  "/( + +"!(& +-((&"&(@ :=- /+% S 9;: % 6<F' RT2)UV  "W&>."@5" + "W&>"5& @> + + 8=- /+% ! F:6 % 68F4%

 ". +  !&(@(&(! +0 +/((! +-((&"&(. & +  +& A C && !&(@(&(!   ( (!-?  "((  A 0+-((&"&(!%   C( !"  "&((="-&  !&(@(&(! +0 +/((! ! +0 !--(&(! +"/ " !""(" !"+(("  +!(&  -!( J&" /&?(  +>"/ +  ."(-? "/ !+/"& "C(  -&(=" +0" !(

3 * 68:  :;8 !(+% 8? 686  K !(+% F?4% 0&!"(&/  !"&  !/C + 0? + ". 3! + ."(-? "/ !+/"&4    C (  !&(@(&(! !  +& !& !&&/ & C0( E(& @@&(.-&  +!& A  G& ( I  ( +  @!+" "  +/"&(! + +&(&(" + 0.!(% 0.!( ! ( (-   "-&  >//"  +0/&?(" C  !--(&(! & ".  +&(&("%

!  G"( "+ 0? + !&(@(&(! +0 +/((! +-((&"&(.  +!(&  (" A  "! C(   +"!(& + "!"("%  +/( + "!"  !-- A !"(" C0 -!-& !P   !( + && +/((!%   &  +& "&"+"  -!-& ! ! ?! (("%  ."& + "((  +  ?! @!(  & & +  "(>" " 0E(& &  !& +  +/((! += C0 &  ! M!" 0E(& A +/@& + C!(  "(C +  .!("

)697:)8;;< , 9)6: ,

! !" 0("".?((&/ + ! "!" !"  + &"+(.&/ 3 8;;;  % 686 !(+% : &  "/@/"4%

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

K%  (&(>  @!+ !"& "  C&(! + .!(" ( + !&(&(! ,  !& + "  !- >( !"  !--((! + !"&> (--!?((" C ,( "(& ."/ A $%  & A $- %

 !.(& (( A &(&" "/? + +/&"-(" ( + !--((! + !"&> (--!?((" !& "/-& /&/ "-( A  +"("%

9% !  G"( "+ &  +!&"( 0&!"(&/ +-((&"&(. !  G>  +!(.& !(+/""  @(& !-- "!./ C !"C0( !& !.( +  "/(&/ 3R--" "+"( + 2(.( "!X"5& : /+% " 6H7: % 6FK' I>( +."W&>"5& @> 8 /+% % 897 5% <4%   +!-( + " !(  G> @!+  +/((! @ +( !(&(! !&"(" +  !( "  @(& C( @& +0J&" /&?( + -(=" (""/@&?  "(& !--   ."(-?? 0&,A,+(" C( "/&&  +>"/ + ."(-? "/ !+/"&%   @@(& +!  C0 @(& ( J&" !(+/"/ -& !--  5I !&5= !(?% "-( &!  //-& + @(& />/ ! .(>?  G> +!(&   /5/& "&(" E C( ( "(&   "!?? 3 * 68K  FK; !(+% <? 68<  6H< !(+% 8 &  "/@/"'

@% * 6F;  F8: .% !(+% F%8 & F%F4% ( 0E(&,&,(   +"!(& + " !(  "((  ! C 0+-((&"&(! !  G> +."(& &&" +  +!&  @." + 0"/ 3 * 68K  F88 !(+% <4%

)697:)8;;< , 7)6: ,

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

7%  D =  !- >(  @@("-/ .!(" ."/ A $-   8;;6  !-- +D">&  "&(! . D5& +D ?( (--!?((" ( A I"("  CD( DI (&  A  !( + !&"& (>/%

$-   D& C& A   +/&"-(/%  & +  ("!& G&(@(/ +D+-&&" CD D  &(@(& A ! !?(>&(! + !?!""%    @@& I&/-&(C-& "@/  !""(" C( ( !& /&/ +"/ "  "(? + /  D  ((  !(! C( ( !& /&/ +!/ !" E (C"  ."(! + @(& &   D&  !  "/&/ A D+( + !- "&(! "!% $-  +!(& " !/C&  !"&"  !/C + 0? + ". !@!"-/-& A  G"( "+ (C  "(? + / 0&   -" +  "5"5"

(,-J- & C  "((  (C((&!("  +  @(& &&(&  (-(&%  !.(& += !" +D+-&&"  +>"/ + ."(-? "/ !+/"& "C( C $-   @@&(.-& &!5/  !--((! + !"&> (--!?((" +  "& +  !- >(  8;;6 (( C && +"(=" D @@("-/%

H% D>(& + $%   !- >(  !@("-/ C  !--((! + !"&> (--!?(("  ( .(&  /&/ ."/ "  ?" +D"5(&&   !--  .(& /&/ !.%   &!&@!( @@("-/ CD D /&(& ,-J- C(&&/ !"C $%   ( .(& "/-/% !" !@("-"

 />&(!   "!+(&  &&" !"& N  5J +D!" % % % % O (&/ A !!>,"(. C( ( .(& /&/ +"/  < ."( 8;;6 & + C $%  "!((& .!(" /&/ "/&"(?/ A !"" + .(>& &  -( @" !" ! (&".&(!%  !- >(  A & />"+ "/(/ C  !-- + 69;0;;; @"%  !"(&  (C-& !!>,"(. -(

)697:)8;;< , H)6: ,

/>-& +D&" ! /"&(!%  @(& /&(& !  !@("-/ "  C(&& +&/ + 86 G.(" 8;;F !"&& "  !-- + <;0;;; @"% C( .(& /&/ "-( A $%   &(&" +D5!!"(" !" ! (&".&(! +  @@(" !"& + ?( (--!?((" ( A E%

$%   C& A ( &/>!"(C-& !&&/  />&(! +  !- >( (CD(  @@("-/ D.!(" &!5/  !--((! +  "&  8;;6  " !"& .  &"&(! "  ?( (--!?((" ( A !!>, "(. ?( CD( (& "! .!(" (@!"-/  !- >( +D !(?((&/ + !&"&" A & />"+%   &(-/ C  (= "!+(& " ,( D.(&  ." "!?& '  /&(& -J- ! (  !&"+(&(! .  @(& C  !- >( .(& +/.! / + ! "!"%   (( "./ C  C(&& +

86 G.(" 8;;F !"(&  ?( (--!?((" C( D.(&  ( .  &"&(!   (CD( /&(& ( A E% ! (  -!&& @(>"& +  &&" + < ."( 8;;6 D.(& />-&  " !"& . E C  !- >( .(& />/% $%   !"  "  -(  /.(+  @(& CD( D.(&   ".!("  69;0;;; @"%  8;;6 (CD( /&(& !"  ?//@( +D "&  & +D (+ !" "! L>/%

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

)697:)8;;< , 6;)6: ,

 C&(! + .!(" (  !--((! + !"&>  "/-& /&/ "-( A $%  & &!&@!( "&" !."&  ">"+ +  C( (&%

6;%  ?(,@!+/ +  +/((! + !&(&(! "(&(" ,  !&(@(/ A  !- >( +/ + +  C&(! + .!(" (  !--((! + !"&> (--!?((" C( !& /&/ ."/ "  !- >( !&(&&  "/-/"&(! !"

 &(.(&/ "(/ ! (+/ +&%

66%  ."& + D"&% < % 8    (" +/&"-(& !- "+ &!& "/-/"&(! !"  &".( +/ +& @!"( !"  &-  +/&"-(/ ! (+/&"-(/%  >!?  !&(! + "5/"(-& & &"  /-& + ("  !--((!  >"&(@(&(!  "&&(!  &"  (+-(&/ + . ! !" G!" @/"(/ & &" "&&(! !> (( C  !"?!(" D( " "/&&  //-& (- !"&& +  "/-/"&(! + &".(%  ". "!.& +0 &(.(&/ (+/ +& !- "+ C+ A ( &!& ". + &".( &" C  "/-/"&(! !"  &".( !- ( +  (&&(! +/ +& 3"&% H % 6  4%

!  G"( "+  !(& + .!(" ( 0!  @@(" +   +!/ A  &(.(&/ (+/ +& ! "(/  +!(&  J&" &"5/ +0 "=  &" G"(+(C + " !"& !&"& &"  "&("%  C( & +/&"-(& ?( &B&  !&  ("!& /!!-(C%  " !"& + +"!(& (.( .& "& @!"(" /.&-& CC (+( !"  C(@(&(!  -&(=" +0  -(  !&  +/&"-(&%

 +-& >//"-& 0E(& +0 &(.(&/ "(/ !"C0 "! +/ + +0 - !I" + !(& + . /!!-(C & + 0!">(&(! + &".( & C0   !"&   "(C  /(@(C A 0&" "( 3 8;;6 % 8<8 !(+% 8'  6HH7 % 8F< !(+% :'  6HH9 % 6;K% !(+% 84%  "(C "&((" + 0&" "" +/! + @(& C C C !(&  "/&& + ! &(.(&/ ( +!(&  !"&"  !Q& + ! &" "(  "&(("  @"( >//"E "& "(C +0(-& & + +"!(" 3 6HH7 % 8F< !(+% :'

"?" )  ) "&XX(( !--&(" + "&( 6 A 6K +  !( @/+/" "

0",.(( & ".(.& + "&% <   S6664% ((  "(C +0&" ""   +!/ " && E "(! + 0",.(( & ".(.& (>(@( .& &!& C 0"/ & " !? + "& "/&& + 0(!.?((&/ + (& + (."(! +/@& ! + +( !(&(! ""!/ 3 6H7K !(+% :+ % K<84%

E  &!&@!(  "((   "-&&&  + +/>>" + !&(! (@!"- C( !(&  (? I&/-&(C-&%  +(."(&/ + (&&(! C( "&/"(&  .( /!!-(C !?(> A  "/("  &&& + !&(& +0 "! &(.  && !- & + 0-? + ("!& +  "&(("% !-- ( ""(. !.& C 0! "&"!. +   +0 =  "&/"(&(C

)697:)8;;< , 66)6: ,

+ +E >" +0&(.(&/ ( @& !"  +-+" C //-& !& "/+!-(& +   !(+/"/ 3 8;;6 % 8<8 !(+% 8 '  6HH7 % 8F< !(+% :' * 68F  6K8% !(+% 6 Y  6HH7 % <K !(+% 6 ' * 688  696 Y  6HHK % 8<K4%

.&(-& +0 "&( (- !"& &((&(! +  "! " !E + &".( & "/&"(?&(! + ! "! " "! !&  "&/"(&(C +0 &(.(&/ (+/ +& 3 6HH9 % 6;9 !(+% 8?' * 66H  6KF !(+% F? Y  6HHF % 88K4%  "(C  /(@(C -/ " 0&" "" !(& +  @"( C 0(&/"/ &  / A  !"&" (+/ +--& + = C0( & "- !"&"

+ ! &".( 3 6HH9 % 6;9 !(+% 8?'  6H7K % F:9 !(+% 8+'  6H7K % 68K !(+% 8?4%

 ".5 !  &"!.  "/ +0 &(.(&/ +/ +& !"C0 "/&  &"(& &I (C + !&"& + &".( A .!(" !"C 0(&/"/ +!(& !@@"("  ".( !"  "&( +"/ C0( +!(&  &(" A +( !(&(! + 0&" "( ,  &"!.& !" + 0( (&/ + @(& +0E"" CC &" &(.(&/ "&(. , & C0( & (/ E (&"&(! + 0&" "( 3 " E-  # ( 0&  (?" + "@"

 -+& ( & !-( A   + ! , !"" Z 6HH8 69:% !(+% :?[4 C( +/(+ />-& !"   >"+ "& +  +"/ & + 0!">(&(! + &".(%  & //-& "&  @@&  @." +0 " !"& + ?!"+(&(! 3 6HH9 % 6;9 !(+% 8?' 5?(+" 5W(X"(5 "?(&"5& 68=- /+% % F:' (5" " "?(&."&">  )6 % F;K Y "(&/ + +"!(& "(./ ( .!%  &!-  8 6H78 % F:4% 0!?".&(! +0 "&(  + &".( 0!?(>&(! + "+" !- & + 0.-& + &".E (( C  "!" A 0(@"&"&" + ( + &".( !&(&& && +0(+( +0 &(.(&/ +/ +& 3 6H78 % 69K4%  "(C /!!-(C !" "

0"/ &(& !" A (  +   A  "/(& "! !   +0&(.(&/ E"/ "/>(="-& +  @(& +  "&"!." (  " !"& + &".(  +  (&&(! -?? A  +0 "(/ C( "+ ! - !( 3 6HH9 % 6;9 !(+% 8?' * 66H  6KF !(+% F? Y  6HHF % 88K' * 668  6KH Y  6HHK % 8<K4%

68%  D =  ( &(- C $%  & $-  !& + .!I>" + !--" ! CD( E"&  "!@(! !> &+( C E,( + -J- C  !- >( !(+="& CD( !& (/ "  !&"& + !"&>%

! D"&% :68 % 6   !"&> &  !&"& " C  !"&(" & 5">/ -!I&  (" !(& +D(+(C" A D&" "&( D!(! + !"  !.&(! !(& + ( ".(" +D(&"-/+((" !"  />!(&(! +D !&"&% D>& C& A ( & ( C( "+ A &(&" "-& D>>-& + />!("

 !(! +D@@(" !"  ! (" -+& ! +D !"  "

!- & !" " !- &  J&" (/ ." E "  !&"& + &".( 3"&% :67

)697:)8;;< , 68)6: ,

4%  +(@@/" &"  +E &I  + !&"& "/(+ +  @(& C  !&"& + !"&> D(- (C  A  +(@@/" + !&"& +D>  &(.(&/ "/ /&(&(. ! "!@(! 3 * 667  :;F4%   D>(& + !&"& +D>  * &(- C DE(& +D &(.(&/ (+/ +&  & J&" +-( C ( D>& +("(>  &" "( I&  "! " !E & ! "! " "! &  !"& ((  "/ "(C +D&" "" 3 6H77 % FH74% !  G"( "+  !"&>   + D"&% :68 %  &  !&"(" !(+/"/  "((  !--  &(.(&/ (+/ +& +  -" !P  !"&("  !"&  "(C !" "  &" "" += !" C  @"(  ( !&  "-?!"/ & CD( D +"!(& A  "/-/"&(! !. C (  +/-"5 !& ?!&( A  !(! + !&"& 3 6H77 % F6: %4%

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

 !- >(  "(& +  ("!& J&" " !? + (-& + !&(&(! !( / "  ? + !--((! ."/ A $%  & A $- %

)697:)8;;< , 6F)6: ,

  .,3  ,-+ .  + .,  

456   7 2 8   29: "*& .;

 2 6 

6% /"  "!" ".?%

 6

8% D+-&%

F%   +/((! + 6F G.(" 8;;< & : ."( 8;;<%

:% !+- D(&(-/ A ."" A  "!"&  !-- + 6D8;; @"% A &(&" + "&(( &(! A  @"( & +/ %

<% (& C  "!/+" & >"&(&%

K% @!"-  "&( +  CD .& @!"-" "!" !&"  "/& ""J& +  +/( + F; G!" +=  !&(@(&(! " ( "!--+/ +"/  "(? @/+/" + " 5W(X"5!@C( K K;;:     &"!( E- ("%  +/(  & J&" "!!>/%  -/-!(" +!(& # 4 (+(C"

E&-& C +/((!  "!"& +/(" !?&("  ( &  +  +/((! &&C/' ?4 E !" !" C -!&(@ ( &(- !.!(" +-+" && &" +/((!' 4 !"&"  (>&" !  + ! " "/&&% (  -/-!("  !&(&   &"!( //-& /-/"/ ! &&" 4 ?4 & 4 (,+  "(? @/+/" + "  !""  &""  -&(=" "  "!" CD( +." +/"" ("".?%  -/-!(" + "!" -&(!" !"  -!I + ". C( "!& G!(& (( C  +/((! &&C/ & D.!  + C   /&/ E /+(/  "!"& 3"&% 6F8 6;K & 6;7 4%

 >"@@(="  "/(+&

$"(,!(  2 !"( \   

 ! ( !@!"- + "/& ""J& & !&(@(/ E "&( (( CDA D@@( @/+/" + " !( "  >"@@ 

)697:)8;;< , 6:)6: ,

)697:)8;;<