Expert Testimony and Punitive Damages for Fraudulent Inducement and Breach of Contract
Synthèse Legislator
Généré par l'IAA dispute arose concerning an appeal where the appellant challenged the trial court's admission of expert testimony and the sufficiency of the evidence for punitive damages related to fraudulent inducement and breach of contract. The court reasoned that the expert testimony was properly admitted because the expert was qualified and the testimony assisted the trier of fact, and furthermore, the evidence presented, including internal documents and testimony about misrepresentations made during contract negotiations, was sufficient for a reasonable jury to find the elements of fraudulent inducement and breach, thereby supporting the award of punitive damages.
Regeste Legislator
Généré par l'IAArt. 66 al. 1 LTF, Art. 64 LTF; Expert Testimony and Punitive Damages for Fraudulent Inducement and Breach of Contract: The court reasoned that the expert testimony was properly admitted because the expert was qualified and the testimony assisted the trier of fact, and furthermore, the evidence presented, including internal documents and testimony about misrepresentations made during contract negotiations, was sufficient for a reasonable jury to find the elements of fraudulent inducement and breach, thereby supporting the award of punitive damages.
Mots-clés
Généré par l'IADispositions légales citées
Généré par l'IADécisions connexes
Généré par l'IAQuestions juridiques clés extraites par Legislator
Généré par l'IACited in the dispositive regarding the costs of the federal appeal.
Cited in the dispositive regarding the granting of legal aid.
Texte complet
!" #
$ #%$ & & $ #&
' ( )
*)+
! "#$ %! # #&' ( ' $' " "# ) '" " *' + , -- ,
'
. / ,, ,! 0# " # 11! '#$ &' 2234! 1556 , ! #&' ( $' " "# )$'" " *' 7 " , /. 8
7 691:7
,#
1< 3 "$#= 6555! ! $ ' 70% &>' ? )0@' , .,! '' " %A" &B B $'' "$&$ " &>'< '' ( CA! ) & ( B &B 0'' &' " %A" '! B) '' ? (!
&' "' 0'$ (##' &B< '@' ' " " ? )$& "'! # '$ ? '( D&C $ E7&C F & G 6 '
14 &< 3H<
6< ") '#$%' 'C " "& 65 %$( 6551! '$ 61 %$( 6551 ! &$' #$" A$$! B ''$ I"C# #&'' " A" &' "'< #$" %' &$" #J# K ? $0A&0 " # B #'$ &' &' 'C $ " %= " A" &' ( " &' L' $ ? 0$#'# ' $'' &' " %= # #' " '' &'< &' " & B " #' ' '''$ &'$ " '( " 155M "C 66 %$( 6551 # &==#' KB) 15 # 6551 D&C . / E7&C F & G 1! 4 ' ;H<
4< 6N %$( 6551! )#&O $ )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 ?
. / ,, , D7&C F . /H D 6H<
;< '! &A$ ? & & )&'$ " '( KB) 15 # 6551 < " $'' $AC#' &$'!
# )#&J0' & )'('$ &% D 3 ' :! 14 &< 3H<
3< 1P "$#= 6556! (' 0A '(! )$ ' )& ") 0 '' AA(' " " $ ? #&' %' " )$& ' ? )&&' ") I"C# " # "' ( O< '$ 0@&'L " $# ? 077 "' #$" ' '''$ ( &'$ " '( ? 155M D 16Q P ' 14 &< 3H<
:< &&' " : %$( 6554! ! 0A " ##= &$ ' " #! ''$ A " 0" %'#' &'% ( A"#' =" " # "'< "A'B$ ( ( ' $(' O"# '$B $ D 14H<
2< 1: ( 6554! " " &' " 0A! " %" " L'$#'$ ( #&' &' " ##= &$ "'! )$ '$ ! &$' 0A (! B ''$ # "' %" ' ($ B " #I( " 0" ' ") "
9653;9655;
7 491:7
&'( " %R ='$< "B$ B &'' &A' " "O'0$ "' "' " '' =' ' B "A&0 (' #'$ )= " @' ( " #%#' $("'< "A'B$ O"# " "$%$ '07=0 ? "'< &$$ " '' ' & '! (' $'' " "! "$#& " "$%$ '07=0 ( $' " C '$ B " &#C @' D NH<
N< )'0A&07 &'B$ 16 # 6554 #'$ " $'' #L! = (='$ " A" B " &'' &' ' %#$ #& L'CB A%'( " 7(C " ' &L# D PH<
P< " )$0 " $$"' # ' " $'' " = '0A&0B #'' ? % O"# " "$%$ '07=0 ' " $B '"! &'B$! 1: K 6554! $'# '$ "' ' $' " &'' &' "' D 2! N ' PH<
15< &C #$' '' "' ' #! )I"C# " # "' B O ' $&& ' " " )$& "' ' A#'$< '' $"( " O#&'#'A K'%$! P &'#= 6554! $' &' " &#C @' "' & #J# &$' B $A#' &'B$ $' &A( ") %= ' L$C " =" %=7 'A D 2 ' N! 14 &< 3H<
11< . / # I( L&'< ' %%'! #"'$ ,,,! 0A '0&$"B< " L# " 6N '= 6554! )L&' # $(" "C' 0O&'&0 "'S" "'! " "%% ? &&' T &' )$'"' ( ) ' KB) =" L' " )#&'! #'' " " )$& "' '' '& D145UH ' ="' DP5UH! &$ ") O "C' ? #"$$ O#$'B L # ' %" " "L L'$#'$< $A#' ''$ &'('$ " @'$ A0 " '' " " ' " < &&' " 6N '= 6554! )L&' "A'B$ '' "L '
"L # &C ' " )$& "' ( "$0 &' " ('
L' " # A" &'! O"# '7$B ='$ D'0' O"#H! '' B' # &C $'# '$ '
$' " &'' &' "'! '' # &C $' " &#C @' "'< &$$ B! " @'$ "'! &'' &$'' '$ " )'C 7(C! " &' &L# ' ( ' &#C @'< '#$ B )$($#' " 3 "$#= 6555 (' &(B$ O"# "L '= " 'O& I"C# O! B &#'''
")(A ? )A " &0$#C "$#&' ( "'
9653;9655;
7 ;91:7
A" &C " $ " A" &'< L&B$ B) "$#&' ( "' A" &C " $ " A" &' &(' & J' ' "( L# (' #'$ #& &L# $A 7(C< $A#' K'$ A '#'B " ?
)0$#'# " A" &' L# %%'$ 6554 )(' & # $(" ' #& &&$#' " )L (< "$%'(!
"$$ B O"# " "$%$ '0B $'' &'0A 7 K' B #=' ( $'$ $($$ & )$($#' " 3 "$#= 6556 D' 6555H< B) ' " '$ ' ' $($#' ' '= ''$ $'' '' & &=! ( L D 14 &< ;H<
16< &&' " 6; (#= 6554! "B$ B "L # &C "LC# '('! )L'' & ")I"C#! B ' " )L'$#'$ $'' # ' B O"# "L (' "& D 2H<
14< 4 (#= 6554! . / ##B$ ? )$ " )L&' ' &$$ B &='$ ") &&' " '$ )$'' & %%' & %" "' L &'' " )7"' =A'< $B! %$ '' &'' & 0' " 1P "$#= 6556 D 13H<
1;< &&' #$" " 12 "$#= 6554 ? )''' " )(' " '! '#$ B) ( " $ &$'$ & &''! ' " '$ ' )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 ' '= ''$ " '' " 1: ( 6554 ' " ) " 16 # 6554 &' '< L&B$ B! )! L'' " #"%' '#B " '#'# &&' ( O"# B " "$%$ '07=0< %! K'$ B $ #7'" '#'B &' ")A ' &$'$ & &'' $'' ? )A " )AA(' ") O"# " "$%$ '07=0 D 1PH<
13< 66 "$#= 6554! ' )' &' &C " . / ") #B &'' ")=K'('$ " " )L# " 6N '= 6554< &&$ B) (' %' &' ? . / " #&'#' " )L&' "# " )L&'! ' 6P '= 6554! ' B )&' " ' (' "$$ B )$'' & &#C % B) '"' " 0 &< '#$ B! " "'! ('
") )L&' ' " #"' ( L&' # ('< %!
"#"$ ? . / " ( "$ = " &&' " " 2 "$#= 6554 K' ? D 1:H<
9653;9655;
7 391:7
1:< . / # ? #$"7! . !
0A7'0&$"'< &&' " 1 # 655;! ( " $'' " )'0A&07 " 16 # 6554! &$' %#$ A$ $B " "$0 " A" &'< K'$ B) (O' & " ' " '$ ' $ # A$ $B ' "$#& '" ' " "L '' B )(' & $'$ $$ & )$($#'
"'< %#$ B )L' ") " '$ )$'' B &= & " '$ V V<
12< "$ " P # 655;! . / "$$ B &&' ")L&' #&' "' $ & *' ( &=' '
B $(' #B =K'( " )L&' #"%' )&&$' % " 7< "$%'(! #' &' D 12H<
1N< N ( 655;! )$ %#$ &&' ' '' "$< $'$$ #B B' ? )=K'('$ " )L&' ' ' B #&'#' " " (' %$ $'' " )L&' '' B) (' %$ " ' #&' =K'(#' " $''< ''$ )= " " '$< K' ? &&' '''' "'$ " 45 # 655; $#' " B )(' #&A$ 0T )L&' ' B %#' #&'#' #&& " )L&' D 1; ' 1NH<
1P< ,. ! ' &' " A " #"! # I( L&' B) %$ / ! "A< 64 ( 655;!
)L&' L#$ )$ B &A' " &' ") #=' $"' " )$& "'! ") $&&' " " " 0A " = "' B ") #&'' O ' ")"C# " # "'< &&' ")L&' " 6N ( 655;! / "B$ B) $0A&0 %%'$ 1; ( 655; (' &# " "A'B '0#= ' < "$$ B '' ' " '0#= ( "('
#'' )"' ## $'A " O#&'#'A B $''
&& = (' &#C '(' 0A "$%$ '< %!
($ B '= ' '$7(L (' $'$ B#'
A$ " )L&' & #&' " )7"' " ' B ' ' )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 ' O#&'#'A &= " )&'$ ' " '( #$'' ")J' $'"' ( D 15H<
65< 6: ( 655;! . / "#"$ ,,, " &" &' &0 %#$ & )$< #&$#' ")L&' " #J# K! '##' ''$ ( &$'" B )$ $'' #' &%' ' B) )A' B ") '&$'' " &''< &! "$$ B &&' "
9653;9655;
7 :91:7
" 12 "$#= 6554 '' A#' '#7 &'0AB &=' $'=' ' ' )$($#' " 3 "$#= 6555 ' "A' " ( 7(< &&$ B ) " 16 # 6554 (' &($ A$ $B " "$0 " A" &' ' &$$ B #& L'CB " )'C 7(C )(' ' ( "$0 " A" &' D 65H<
61< . / $A#' # ? " #$"7! / ! 0A< &&' " 6P ( 655;! &$' L&B$ B) O"# " "$%$ '0B &(' '' '#& &(B '' B #== ? &$'$ & )$ ' #J# )%%'
") & L'$< $B! "# B) " '$ ' O#&'#'A " O"# " "$%$ '0B ' )"' $'' '' & &=! # B) $'' & (#== B O#&'#'A $'' #&'= ? '' &$7'#'B< %#$ " )L&' B " . ' "# B '' B $'' ''' ( L # &C )"'<
66< "$ &&' " 6 K' 655;! . / K'$ )&&'< "$$ B )L&' ' "L #$"7 $''
# ? "#'' B $ "' (' A$ #&C'#' " ' B) )L'' & " " '$ ' )"' ' '= " '$ && 1P "$#= 6556< "# B &&' ")L&' (' & ( &=' ' B )L&' )$'' & &$( "C B &&'
"$#'' O =K'(! A ' $ D 1PH<
64< 63 W' 655;! )$ '$ )'$ ")('A' #=' " B " #$" " /@&'L (' " C( D7&C F /H %! '##'! ")=' "LC# ( #$" ' " '$ ' )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 ' "A' " O"# " "$%$ '0B< " L#! ' %< , '
''$ # "' %" ' O$! "&' " & " ?
A0 " #I( ") "! #=' " " 0 ( " '' ? "'! #'' " #=' " )$& "' ="'7$$('< &&' " 6P &'#= 655;! ' B %< , ' &$ "A' " O"# " "$%$ '0B "'! " O"# &'7'0#='B &== " ##= &$ "' '' &'7'0#= " ( 7 (C "'! " '' &' '#'# & 0 "' % '$ " )$& "' #&B$ & &' &' " # A" &' "'
( 0$#'#! " '' &' &$' " O"# " "$%$ '0B "' ?
"L &< ' "B$ B O"# " "$%$ '0B ='$ L''
9653;9655;
7 291:7
&==#' "$K? (' )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 # $'' O#&'#'B< ' K'$ B ' "' (' (#==#' &(B$ " '= ''B #&'' D( ( '' $'' " &#C @' ? "'H '
B) $'' &= B #"%' ''B ' A"$ #& & #B$ " ( " "'< ' L&B$ B! ''$'! $'' %$B' B) O"# " "$%$ '0B ' $ ? '#'#< ' "$$ B O#&'@# "$' & )$ $'' '#' ")A #'%' DO"# " "$%$ '0B ='$ &$L'' "$#&$ & '#'# @'$ "' ' #&B$ & '0#= ( 7 (C "' ( &== O"# &'7'0#='BQ 16H<
6;< ' " ; '= 655;! )$ ' "$ &&' "
6 K' 655; &C " = ' " < ' ? # I( ") ( L&' ' ? & 0A & )'#$ " $B $ ' " 3 "$#= 6555! ' " % ' "$&< )&& " ! (B (' " )'"' " )=' '' B )'#$ )' =$ L&' &' ' "$$ " '' =K'('$< ! L&B B) " '$ ' ' "# & & # " L #$"! ? ( ! !
/ ! , ! ' "' &&' ' & ( &='! & B O " &$%$ (! " )L&' )$'' B)$<
63< )'#$ "#"$ - ! 0A '0&$"B B " # ' #$"7! " &" &' (L &&' #$"L &"' & '< &&' " 66 '= 655;! - "B$ B " '0C / )L&B' & )&&' '"$ " O#&'#'A! B %< , '' & #' " '$ &== ' '0#= &$L'' ")A #'%' ' )$($#' "'< ? )L' &= ") " '$ ' ' '0#= ( 7(C "' ' )"'
" 3 "$#= 6555 $A" ? ='$'$ " O"# " "$%$ '0B ' ?
)&&' '"( " O"# &'7'0#='B<
6:< $& " 6; (#= 655;! )'#$ K' " < "$$ B ( " ('$ ") L&' )$'' & 'C & &&$ K' " B! "#'! #&' "' &#''' " *' & ( &='< ($ B! &# ' #$" 'A$! "#''' &&' " '$ &$&"$' ' )"' ' '= " '$ ' " '< %! &"' &&' " - <
9653;9655;
7 N91:7
62< $&B " 2 K( 6553! ' #' < ! L&B$ B) )$'' "K' ( " & )#&A " )L&' ' A' "' ")J' '"< ''$ B / ' #$" " / )' & "# " '$ ' )"' ' O"# &$'$<
6N< "&B " 1: %$( 6553! )'#$ #' < &&$ B "$' " "(' J' L#$ ( ' "C B) $'' #$"7''' " '<
6P< $' " 1; # 6553! ' L&B$ B) )$'' %'
#&A & ! )(' B #O & &( ''' ") $(' "' (' " )L&'< '#$ B )&& " &$(' " )L&' $'' $'=< $A#' "$$ B ' " )( " )L' ") " '$ ' ''" ? K' &#''' & " ' ? =" " <
45< " 64 # 6553! )'#$ ($ B) 'C# $0A ")$' )$'' & &$( & " &$" "#''( ' B "C =(' " ' "(' J' '$ " "< &! "#"$ B) "$ ' %L$ & "$& " =('<
41< 63 ( 6553! ' &"' &&' " %< , "'$ "
61 ( 6553 &$' B) $'' 'C &== B )"' ' &$&"$' " O#&'#'A $'' "$ B)( 35M " O#&'#'B " "$%$ '0B (' ' ? '#'# ' B 1M &&' "$0'<
46< P K 6553! )'#$ &"' #&$#' ")L&' " "'$ " 4 K 6553 "$'' )$'" #$" B =' , & #'( &'< L&B$ B '' $'" $(B' ' #= " #$# &(' A" &$&' O"# " "$%$ '0B! ? ( " '' " ( %= " #' C (' &C '#'# ! " '#'# " &' # " B! " # A$' " #' %# " =" %=< " '! )L&' $ B) O ' '#'# $'' ") ' ($' A%'(< ! "$$ B '0$ ") #"%' ''B " #' " C &' L(! ( #&==! ' #"%' ''B )'
& J' B & A%'( '! (' $'$ &$'! ' "& &C $' " # C '$< '#$ B )$($#' " "$#=
9653;9655;
7 P91:7
6555 (' $($$ &=C# '#B &$L''! ? ( '' $'' " ( ( &#C @' B $'' ? )A " #& L'CB " 7(C< % ($ B )A " '0#= ( 7 (C $'' L&B$ ' B) )(' & $'$ "A'B$ " )$07 && %%'$ $'$ 6554! # = &C "LC# '(' 0A< "$$ ## 'C &== B "' '0#= ' ' ( "$%' '#B '7( ' %#$ '<
44< 13 K 6553! ' &"' " N K 6553 $#' ") L&'$ " ' %' $'' ") ''#' #$A#' '
&L B ") #&'#' 'C & =K'% & ' L&'<
4;< 1: W' 6553! ( $'$ ('$ ? &! ' $"A$ $' " B '#$ B 0 = 3 "$#= 6555 $'' ") ' ($' A%'(< &! &"' ( &C "'$ " 63 K 6553 $'=' B! " " )' L&'$ " !
)'#$ ' &'$ " #'' I( ( L&'<
43< 1P W' 6553! = " $ "$ ? )'#$ "$ & % &'
" =('<
4:< $' " 6: W' 6553! )'#$ ($ B! " )' '$ & '! )(' #' # B'$ '%B " &&'
")L&' " ! # L&'#' ' & " #'% ")&&''$! (' &'$ ")(A ( L&'<
42< 14 %$( 655:! = " $ %#$ &' " '' " % #"' ")L&' ? &B #$" (' ? < '! %L$ "$ 6; %$( 655: & ##B $(' B' #&$#'<
4N< , )'#$ '$ "$ "#"'! & " 6; %$( 655:! %#' "%%$' " B' 3! :! 2 ' P<
4P< 1 # 655:! = " $ ##B$ '' $' '<
9653;9655;
7 1591:7
#
1< A( XA' K" DH $'$ #"%$ ' ''$! "C 1 W' 6554! = ' " ! #&$ " 3 KA!
"' &$"' ' (7&$"'! 3 &&$' ' 1: KA D'< 1 '< ' 3: H<
,' ? X' " X$' " 1: KA ! & = %$"$
62 K( 655; D Y 145 15:H! " A( "&'$! 14 %$(!
"&' '' A' &#''' = ' " " $A ? ' KA ''! ! " X''' " X$' " (L KA <
6< %#$#' ? )'< 3: < 1 '< 0< 3 ! = ' " *' ' B " ''' &$( ? X'< 3:
'( ? %$"$ X7"' " 65 # 1PN1 D H< , #&$' & KA " "X&C ' $'=<
4< ' '$ (A 1 K( 6554 '*' #"%' " #= "&' $A " "# " < , & #'$! &' " ( B "' )&&B "' J' '0$ ? #C " && B CA &&= ' (A ##' Z %' K"B#' "$'#' ' &"' D Y 145 645 "< 1<1!
443 "< 1<6! 16P ; "< 1<6! 162 ;:2 "< 1! 16: 14: "< ;= '
$%$H<
X&C! &$' "' ? " &'' "C 1P "$#= 6556! ? ( ? "' '$ ? X'$ (A " < $B! & #'$! &$' ' $A & $A' (A KBX 41 "$#= 6556< ' L CA " &$"! '
&&=! % "&' '' '! ? ' "C )'$ (A " D Y 141 41; "< 4<4! 112 P4 "< :=!
116 4:5 "< ;Q 1PPN - 42 &< 41: "< 4=H<
;< , X'< :5 < 1 ! "$ " ' " '' K< '%! "$A' ? ! X'< 15: &$(' "$ " " ' #< '' "$ B "$ &&' "' " ("" 6 K' 655;! B) $'$ R & '@' " 3 K' 655; ' B "$ ' &" " 13 K' 13 W' (#' D'< 4N < ; '< = H! $'$ %#$ '#& ' 1; W' 655; " "$ ' " : K' 655; N (#= 655;< 'K'$ " %# ' "$ &$( & ! ' (=!
(' " '< 3: ' <
9653;9655;
7 1191:7
3< 'A &' &' " ( ) L' " '$ ' O#&'#'A " O"# " "$%$ '0B "' %% ' '
)"' $ " 3 "$#= 6555<
:< (' " #L# ")%%! )"#'' ' KA "(' ( ")%% ?
)$'=#' L' ' #&' " %' &''< ,' &'' ' %' "' )L' &' % ") #C ") ' KA#' '% ? &$''< %#$#' && B' B $A' &$" " "# " ! ''$ "#''( ' KA " "(' &$" ? " ('A' &&$#' " B) O %%##' " & %! $A" L A% (B$ & &' L " $'' " "< &(' A " A% &'' (B$ & &' & #& B) )'
& $'$ &($ D, 391PP;! 665 "< ;H< &'! "(' #'' I( L&' B) &*' $ " % &' #$"L " D Y 112 6N4 "< ;Q 1PN3 &< 6;5 "< ;H< B KA "C B %' ' & %%##' $"$! &' (O ? X"#'' & #&$#' "X'' &$" 7#J# ? ' '' #&$#' D 1PP4 &< 14:H<
2< H , && " = &&$' " &(! B X&&B = &$" "#''( BX &$" " " "' "#''% D'< ;5 Y $' ( X'< 1P Q '< P3 < 6 ( '< 114 ' 146 H! X"#'' KA &&$ =#' &(! J' $ & " CA %#! &$"' ? &&$' #&C' ' A " &(< C ! KA "' L# " #C =K'( ' #O " &(! B BX ' &(! & "$" "#' ?
"&' &#''' " &' KA#' (= "' 'AL< B &&' #$"L ' '"'! KA &' '0 )%% "B & B %" & #$" ' & '< ' $A"! )$$#' "$'#' )' )A! "$A' " #O " &( ## &&' L&'! # '< #&' B &' 'AL #&'' ' %' )=K' ") $'" %$! B &&' %" " L# #&'! B) & $A#' "$' &' L&#$! B) ' $'$ $'= & " " D#CH! B "&' " '%$ #$" ' '! %! B " )L&' ' = #'($ D Y 163 436 "< 4H<
=H , #'' && " = &&$' " &(! = %$"$ " &$ " A "' B #C ")&&$ ' 'O& ")L&' " &&' #$"L< !
B! '" " &$" "#''(! L&' %$ ? #$"
9653;9655;
7 1691:7
"$&"' ' $'= & &$' ! = ")=(' &&%" ' ")('A' #&C'! B) & " "! ' B )L&' ='' ? " $'' ('! KA ' $' A'#& B) " ' &#'' " "' " =7 %"$ D Y 163 431 "< 4=9==H< KA &' " & ( &=' L &&' ' L&' $'= & #$" ") A'#& B L7 ='' ? " $'' ('! B ' $#' #'($! B ( '' & " '"' ' B) " ' &#'' " #'' =7 %"$< #& %' B #$" '$ ' $ ? ) & &&' " '( &#' & " "' " )=K'('$ " &&$' " &R &$(' ? )$A" " )$< )' B) &$ " ' &'C B "' K' " )#&''$ ") &&$' &(' J' "$$ ## =K'(#' %"$< '' "$ )#&' %$$ L &&' #$"L " "' " !
O ''% " & " LA $(C B' ? )#&''$ " )L&'
D Y 163 431 "< 4=9H< L&' &$'$ & &' ) & #J# ( B " L&' # ( & '= & )"#'' %#$#' L CA " &$" &&=< (' " && $$ & K&" ' )&&$' " &(! KA ' ''% ' ")L# ' && ? #'' "'! &' 'AL #&''! )& " )L&' #"'$ & '= & )"#'' D Y 163 431 "< 4H< ! B &&' $'= & #$" '''! KA &' ' "' ' #&' " %' B! )L&$! #$" ''' ' A$$#' ! " "'! ? &" &' & &'' " ' " % B )' ? " D Y 163 431 "< 4=9== ' H<
N< &&' ")L&' " 6N '= 6554! "A'B$ '' &C ' " )$& "' ( "$0 &' " (' L' " # A" &'! O"# '7$B ='$ D'0 ' O"#H! '' &C $'# '$ ' $' " &'' &' "'! '' &C $' " &#C @' "'< K' " " '$ ' O"# " "$%$ '0B ' )"' " 3 "$#= 6555! '#$ B) $'' '' & &=! ( L< (' " &" '' ! )L&' (A$ "( 0O&'0C D$$#' &'0AB LR' #&! %' '#'BH L&B' )&&' " O#&'#'A '( O"# " "$%$ '0B ' "'$ )( ' " &$' B &$ " T ")#= &#''' ")=' ? " A#' '< K'$ A '#'B & #'% B! ) )$'' A ") "$#&' (
9653;9655;
7 1491:7
A" $'( ? )"' " 3 "$#= 6555! ' $'$ $ &C " $ " A" &'! B "( L# (' #'$ #& ? ' '! ' $A 7(C< $A#'
$'$ ' A (A' )0O&'0C ") #& " )L ( &(B$ & )0$#'# " A" &'! L# $$ "$=' 6554 )(' & &# " %# ' 0O&'0C< %! ($ B '#'# (' $ A" &' " &' "'! B )'(' " 1: K 6554 (' '$ $' " &'' &'!
' ' '<
"$%'(! &&' ")L&' " " 6N '= 6554 %" " L# B #&' ' &" "$' &' L&#$ & '< $'$ $'= & " )#C '
" " #$"< "&' " '' #$" ' &&$' '
< )L&' )' L&#$ )$(' " )$'' " '$ "& "$=' " )&'$ " '( B " '$ ' )"' ' O#&'#'A " O"# " "$%$ '0B! % "W#' #'($ &' " (< )' B &&' ")L&' #&' '' "' K&"' &#''' " *' & % &='<
P< ' ? L# " '' " $$#' ' " ' ? #'' =7%"$ " " <
&&' " #$" " / " 6P &'#= 655; ' ? A #'%' " '= " ' &(B$ '' & O"# " "$%$ '0B ='$ &$L'' %# O#&'#'B ' "$#&$ & '#'# " @'$ "' B & '0#= ( 7(C "' ( &== O"# &'7'0#='B< '! #$" "C'
#' ## &= B '= ''B #&'' &(B$ & )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 ' A"$ #& & #B$ " ( " "'< ! $(B' $A#' #& &='$ ") & %='B B ' "W '#'# ' L '(' 0A< %! &$' B) ' '(#' %$B' B) O"# " "$%$ '0B ' $ ? '#'#<
&&' #&$#' " 61 ( 6553! %< , "B B! #J# ) &' & L &$"&' 7K' " ' ?
)&&' "$0' " O#&'#'A " "$%$ '0B! '# ## 'C &== B )"' ' &$&"$' " O#&'#'A! ! ''$'! 35M " O#&'#'B " "$%$ '0B (' ' ? '#'# ' #' 1M &&*' "$0'<
9653;9655;
7 1;91:7
#'' B " 35M " ! O#&'#'A " "$%$ '0B #%' ? ' ") '#'#! &&' " %< , K'' "' =7%"$ " " < '' "$ B) )L&B & &B #$" " / ' #"%$ &&$' ' 6P &'#= 655; ' 61 ( 6553! )' & &= " '' = " ''' ' " #$" " /<
15< $B! ( " K&" #'$! O ")" '' #&$#' %# ") L&' #$" &"& D'0&$"! A ' AAH B %$ ? &B #$" (' ? <
---
9653;9655;
7 1391:7
. #, & #%$ & & $ #&
' / / 0 )
1< " '7L&' &"& D'0&$"! A '
AAH & L&' " &B #$" (' ? !
' ")L&' #$"! B ' & # "XL# '
"X'" ! &C XJ' '$ " ' $$#' ' ' &C ( & " " " . / B " " " &$' &$"Q
6< 0A L&' " $&" L B' (' F 1< #C 6< ' 4< ''' =K'( ;< A'DH 3< )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 7'7 &(B$ " '= ''B #&''! " #C '! (#== #' &= [ , ! B [ :< '#'# " 3 "$#= 6555 7'7 "$0$ O#&'#'A " "$%$ '0B " #C '!
(#== #' &= [ 2< , ! '' B '7 (#==#' ''' ' "& B" [ N< ' & (#== " "$0#' " O#&'#'A " "$%$ '0B 0T [ P< '= "' %% '#' &'' '7 $B '"( " )"' " 3 "$#= 6555 " #C '!
(#== #' &= [ 2< ' #B ' ' &&' " XL&'
4< ##' ? % &B #$" (' ? <
9653;9655;
7 1:91:7
;< (' L&' ? "$& &&' "L L#& A%% " = " $ ") ( 1' <
3< $( %"<
2< %# &' " BX &(' %# ' &$' J'
" "$ " 15 K "C '%' & & ##"$ "$ = %$"$ " ! ,0\T0%B :! :55; ! ' L#&< "$ &' J' &A$< #$# "' F H "B L'#' B "$ ' "$ =' ' & " "$ ''B$Q =H L& & B #'% '# &( "#" '' ' "$Q H &' A' " &$''< , #$# '' ' $$#' $#$$ '' H =H ' H 7"! = %$"$ " & & ' #'C BX "( "$ (=< #$# " #' #O " &(! B ' K'! B "$ ''B$ ' X(&& " B $'$ L&$"$ ' D'< 146! 15: ' 15N H<
A%%C $"'
YY - , -
$'7K' F 0&& +
& %# " &$' " ' '%$ L &' B)? )%% %$"$ " & A%%
9653;9655;